2020-2021学年英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课时分层作业1 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 教学知识细解码 WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时分层作业(一).单词拼写根据汉语提示写出单词。1The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold contradictory (相互矛盾的) beliefs.2Was his mother too severe (严厉) on him?3The driver of the crashed car received multiple (多样的) injuries.4We should transform our subjective world while transforming (改变) the objective world.5A

2、ccording to official statistics (统计数字)，the island had 37 people.6The traffic accidents in the city decreased (减少) last year.7They made substantial (重大的) changes to the arrangements.8The prime minister was always demanding active intervention (干涉) early on.9The police have now narrowed down their lis

3、t of suspects (犯罪嫌疑人)10He was not displeased at the way he had handled (处理) the problem.阅读理解AJohn von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker，and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early.At 17，his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician beca

4、use he may lead a poor life being a mathematician，and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In 1926，at 23，he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.From then on，mathematics provided well enough for him，and he never had to turn to chemistry.In 1930，von Neumann

5、visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1933，the Institute for Advanced Study was formed，and he became one of the 6 fulltime people(Einstein was one of the others)in the School of Mathematics.World War hugely changed von Neuma

6、nns areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure(纯粹的)mathematician.During and after the war，he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributio

7、ns.After the war，von Neumann continued his work with computers，and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards，was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died in 1957 of cancer.Von Neumann made several great cont

8、ributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.Von Neumann really was a legend(传奇)in his own time，and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of this legend.He

9、reported one accident this way，“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家John von Neumann(约翰冯诺依曼)的生平事迹。1According to the text，von Neumanns father believed that Aa mathemat

10、ician couldnt earn a lot of moneyBa mathematician needed a good memoryCvon Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same timeDvon Neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speedA细节理解题。根据第一段“his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor

11、life being a mathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。2Von Neumann published his first book at the age of A23B26C29D32C推理判断题。根据第一段“In 1926，at 23.”和第二段“His first book was published in 1932.”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。3How did World War affect John von Neumann?AHe realized the importance of engineering.BHe began t

12、o research how to put mathematics into practice.CHe left college and served at the government department.DHe lost interest in chemistry.B细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，第二次世界大战使他的兴趣从纯粹数学领域转到了应用数学领域。4Which of the following is TRUE of von Neumann?AHe had three children.BHe died from an accident.CHe received many awa

13、rds in his life.DHe and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.C细节理解题。A选项对第一段第一句话可知，A选项错误；由第三段末句可知，B选项错误；由第三段第六句可知，C选项正确；由第二段末句可知，D选项错误。BOne morning，more than a hundred years ago，an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep.He had been working all night on the design of a sew

14、ing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem：It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired，Howe slept badly.He turned and turned.Then he had a dream.He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat

15、him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine.When he tried to do so，Howe ran into the same problem as before.The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.They came up towards him with their spears raised.But suddenly the inv

16、entor noticed something.There was a hole in the tip of each spear.The inventor awoke from the dream，realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem.Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle，he should make it run through a small hole in the centre of the needle.This was

17、the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams.So did the great physicist A

18、lbert Einstein.Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams，you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.Even then，a part of your mind is still working.This unconscious(无意识的)，but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work o

19、n the problems you have had during the day.It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed.It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake.However，the unconscious part acts in a special w

20、ay.It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲了许多发明源于科学家梦中的灵感。梦有时被称为“我们自己的秘密信息”，因为奇怪的影像被用于交流想法。5The problem Howe was trying to solve was Awhat kind of thread to useBhow to desig

21、n a needle which would not breakCwhere to put the needleDhow to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needleD细节理解题。答案定位在第二段“The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知Howe努力解决的问题是怎样解决线不断地被针卡住，故选D。6Thomas Edison is spoken of because Ahe also tried to invent a sewing machineBhe go

22、t some of his ideas from dreamsChe was one of Howes best friendsDhe also had difficulty in falling asleepB细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams.”可知谈到托马斯爱迪生是因为他从梦中获得了一些创造的灵感，故选B。7Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ours

23、elves” because Astrange images are used to communicate ideasBimages which have no meaning are usedCwe can never understand the real meaningDonly specially trained people can understand themA细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段“It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams

24、 are sometimes called secret messages to ourselves”可知梦有时被称为“我们自己的秘密信息”是因为奇怪的影像被用于交流想法，故选A。.阅读七选五No one likes to fail.Whether its at work，at home，or in another area of your life，failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time，money，or both. 1 If you never suffer a failure，then youre pro

25、bably not pushing yourself to your full potential.The following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after youve failed.Remember that other people fail too. 2 Theyll tell you about that great new contract they signed，not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.But fai

26、lure is normal，and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.Remind yourself of your past successes.Failing doesnt mean that youre worthless，or that youll never achieve the things you want. 3 Maybe you had high marks last term，or you lost weight，or you learned to play a mus

27、ical instrument.You might want to write down a list of successesthings that youve accomplished over the past few years，whether big or small.If you ever lack confidence，you can go back and read over that list. 4 Your past successes are important，but so are your past failures.Youve made mistakes befor

28、e，and youve survived them.Perhaps you did badly in an exam，or lost your temper and had to apologize.Its not fun to think about the times when things went wrong，but by acknowledging your failures，you can remind yourself that today is no different.Just as you recovered in the past，you can recover from

29、 your recent failure too. 5 Whatever went wrong，youre probably facing some sort of decision.Dont rush into making hasty decision，but do look for a forward path.That might require some deep thinking.AMake a decision.BLimit the damage caused.CRemind yourself of your past failures.DHowever，failure is a

30、 normal part of life.EGet some advice and support from others.FMost people dont talk openly about their failures.GThink of all the times in the past when youve succeeded.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论“失败”。失败是生活中很正常的一部分，大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。要提醒自己过去的失败。1D上文提示“无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在生活的其他方面，失败都是痛苦的，而且在时间

31、、金钱方面，或者两者兼而有之。”再根据下文提示“如果你从未经历过失败，那么你可能并没有将自己的潜力发挥到极致。”承接上下文，D项“However，failure is a normal part of life.”(然而，失败是生活中很正常的一部分。)切题。2F上文提示“记住，别人也会失败。”承接上文，F项“Most people dont talk openly about their failures.”(大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。)切题。该项中的dont talk openly和上文的other people fail too相吻合。3G上文提示“失败并不意味着你一文不值，或者你永远无法实现你想要的东西。”再根据下文提示“也许你上学期成绩很好，也许你减肥了，也许你学会了演奏乐器。”承接上下文，G项“Think of all the times in the past when youve succeeded.”(想想过去你成功的所有时刻。)切题。4C下文提示“你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。”承接下文，C项“Remind yourself of your past failures.”(提醒自己过去的失败。)切题。5A下文提示“不管出了什么问题，你都可能面临某种决定。”承接下文，A项“Make a decision.”(做出一个决定。)切题。