2021高考英语（全国版）一轮复习教师用书：第二部分专题二　非谓语动词 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题二非谓语动词考点1非谓语动词作宾语不定式作宾语典例12019浙江,63 But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform. 此处应用不定式作want的宾语,故填to wear。to wear动词-ing作宾语典例22020黑龙江铁人中学开学考,66As more and more wildland has been turned into farmland, the monarch butterflies(帝王蝶) have had trouble(find) enough milkweed.固定短语have trouble (in) doin

2、g sth.表示做某事有困难。finding不定式和动词-ing作宾语的区别 典例32018天津,12I didnt mean (eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try)it.句意:我(本来)不打算吃任何东西,但是冰激凌看起来如此诱人以至于我禁不住尝了尝。从句意看,第一空填to eat,mean to do sth.表示打算做某事;第二空填trying,couldnt help doing sth.表示忍不住做某事。to eat; trying考点2非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式作状语 典例42

3、018全国,64Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.句意:玉米(产量)增加的另一个原因:为了改善水质,政府鼓励农民种玉米代替水稻。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。to improve现在分词作状语 典例52019河北唐山一中高三期中,64Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes (use) machines, but Lin Qiang

4、 sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely by hand.本句包含了but连接的两个并列分句,第一个分句已有谓语动词make,因此空处应用非谓语动词,且主语stores与use为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词作方式状语。using过去分词作状语 典例62015天津,5 (absorb)in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.句意:约翰在全神贯注地画画,没有注意到夜幕正在降临。句子主语John与absorb构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。Absorbed考点3非

5、谓语动词作定语 动词-ing作定语典例72019山东烟台第一中学高三质检,43As I was about to give up hope, a man (drive) a dirty old car came to my aid.句意:当我正要放弃希望的时候,一位开着一辆又旧又脏的汽车的男士来帮助我了。a man与drive为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing作后置定语。driving过去分词作定语 典例82019河北衡水中学高三期中,47But remember, only officially (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dieti

6、tians are qualified to give medical suggestions.句意:但是要记住,只有官方认证的执业医生和营养学家才有资格给出医学建议。此处recognize表示认可,与practicing doctors as well as dietitians为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处应用过去分词作定语。recognized考点4非谓语动词作补语 动词不定式作补语 典例92019福建六校高三期中联考,69He encouraged the students (study) science and contribute to the development of China

7、.句意: 他鼓励学生学习科学,为中国的发展作贡献。此处考查encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,因此空处应用动词不定式作宾补。to study分词作补语 典例102015浙江,18Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it(perform)live is quite another.句意:在家里听音乐是一回事,去听现场演奏的音乐是另一回事。本空在句中作宾补,且perform与宾语it构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词作宾补表示被动含义。performed 考点5非谓语动词作主语和表语 非谓语动

8、词作主语 1.不定式作主语典例112020贵州贵阳摸底考试,65In Vancouver it is unusual(see)a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.此处表示在温哥华,看到熊是不寻常的。分析句子结构可知,空处所在分句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语应为动词不定式,故填to see。to see2.动词-ing作主语典例122019福建厦门第一中学高三返校考,57 (offer)the opportunity to speak at the graduation

9、 ceremony made me overjoyed.分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语为made, 故其前的内容在句中作主语,且offer与其隐含的逻辑主语I为动宾关系,故此处用动词-ing的被动形式作主语。Being offered考法1 考查非谓语动词作宾语、补语、主语和表语典例132019全国,61 A 90-year-old has been awarded Woman Of The Year for (be) Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week. 句意:一位90岁的老人被授予年度女性奖,因为她

10、是英国年龄最大的全职员工(目前)仍然每周工作40个小时。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词for的宾语,应用动词-ing形式。being考法总结空前有介词for,提示词为be,由此可知应用动词-ing作宾语。典例142017甲卷(全国),63This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.句意:这包括掘开道路,铺设轨道,然后在顶端建造一个结实的顶。设空处与digging up和building并列,作included的宾语,形式应保持一致,故应用所给词的-i

11、ng形式。laying考法总结分析句子结构可知,设空处应用非谓语动词;设空处与digging up和building并列,三者都作included的宾语,由此可判断此处应用动词-ing形式。看到提示词lay,考生可能会联想到lie,结合高考题的设题特点,提示词均是动词原形,故此处只要考虑lay在句中的意思及用何种非谓语形式即可。注意:非谓语动词作补语、主语和表语的用法在近几年的高考试题中考查较少,这里就不再举例说明,但它们也是考查的方向,不容忽视,具体讲解参看考点帮。链接考点4、5考法2 考查非谓语动词作状语典例152017天津,14The hospital has recently obta

12、ined new medical equipment, (allow) more patients to be treated.句意:这家医院最近得到新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。分析句子结构可知,本空应用非谓语动词;动词allow与其逻辑主语(即逗号前的整个句子)是主谓关系,因此用现在分词作结果状语。allowing考法总结提示词为动词,空前有逗号,且前后无连词,又因句中已有谓语has obtained,故此处用非谓语动词作状语;提示词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,由此可知应用现在分词。考法3 考查非谓语动词作定语典例162019北京,4Earth Day, (mark) on 2

13、2 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 句意:地球日在4月22日庆祝,它是旨在提高公众环保意识的年度盛事。mark在此作及物动词,意为庆祝,纪念。mark与Earth Day是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语。此处相当于定语从句which is marked on 22 April。marked考法总结分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语;mark与其逻辑主语Earth Day之间是动宾关系,由此可确定应用过去分词。难点1 非谓语动词

14、作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致/不一致典例17When they got there, the village seemed deserted, the only sign of life (be) one or two dogs lying under the tree.分析句子结构可知,When they.seemed deserted为完整的句子,其与第二个逗号后的内容之间没有连词连接,且前后主语不一致,所以后面的内容是独立主格结构。此处表示主动意义,故用现在分词。being典例182020江苏南京开学考,7No agreement (reach), the representat

15、ives wanted another round of talks.分析句子结构可知,逗号前后两部分之间没有连词,且前后主语不一致,the representatives.talks为完整的句子,故逗号前的部分为独立主格结构;且reach与其逻辑主语agreement之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词reached。reached难点2 非谓语动词的形式典例192020广东梅州质量检测,79Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.分析句子结构可知,空处用非谓语动词作后置定语,且f

16、ound与其逻辑主语Tsinghua University为动宾关系,故填过去分词形式,表示被动和动作已经完成。founded方法1 分析结构,判断谓语与非谓语典例202018北京,6During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share)a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.句意:在中秋节期间,家庭成员常常聚在一起吃饭、赏月并享用月饼。分析句子结构可知,本句为简单句,且谓语动词为gather,故空处应填非谓语动词;再根据句意可知,此处应用不定式作

17、目的状语。to share方法2 寻找逻辑主语,确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系典例212017北京,32Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.句意:吉姆已经退休,但他仍记得与学生一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,spend与the happy time是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示已完成的动作,所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。spent方法3 分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序典例22He is thought (act) foolis

18、hly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.句意:他被认为做了愚蠢的事,现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。be thought to do sth.表示被认为做了某事;由句意可知,act的动作发生在think之前,故用不定式的完成式。to have acted1.2019全国,65she had no plans(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 2.2019全国,70 On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invit

19、ed to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 3.2019天津,4改编 (learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.4.2019江苏,30改编 (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,

20、many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 5.2018全国,64&65I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel(challenge).6.2018全国,70Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food

21、 policymakers worldwide, says the banks Juergen Voegele.7.2017乙卷(全国),63Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat.8.2017丙卷(全国),61But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest). 9.2017江苏,21Many Chinese brands, (

22、develop)their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.10.2017北京,27Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.11.2017北京,30The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to ele

23、phants.12.2016北京,28 (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.13.2015新课标全国,64In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to air condition a house without (use) electric equipment.14.2015北京,23The park was full of people, (e

24、njoy) themselves in the sunshine.15.2015江苏,24Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.16.2015福建,33In recent years an English word infosphere has appeared, (combine)the sense of information and atmosphere.17.2015重庆,11Like ancient sailors, birds can

25、 find their way (use) the sun and the stars.18.2016甲卷(全国)改错We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.1.to retire此处表示她没有从她(从事了)36年的事业中退休的计划。名词plan(s)后常跟不定式作定语,plans to do sth.意为做某事的计划。2.listeninglisten与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。3.Learning句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前

26、的内容是主语,故此处应用动词-ing短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概念,故用动词-ing。4.To enjoy句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。5.looking; challenged句意:我赶紧弯腰低头,避免与他(大猩猩)直视,这样他就不会感觉受到挑战。第一空在avoid后作宾语,avoid doing sth.表示避免做某事,故此处应用动词-ing;第二空在系动词feel之后,作表语,且challenge和主语he为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。6.feeding该句的主语暗示feed的逻辑主语为China

27、,feed与China为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。7.to process句意:食用油和盐是饮食中非常重要的部分。我们需要它们来加工吃的食物此处考查be required to do sth.(被需要来做某事)。8.restingspend some time doing sth.是固定用法,故填resting。9.having developed本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用现在分词作状语;develop这一动作先于face这一动作发生,故此处应用现在分词的完成式。10.to save句意:现在很多航空公司允许乘客在

28、网上打印登机卡,以节约他们的宝贵时间。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处用动词不定式作目的状语。11.ranging句意:国家公园有大量的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应使用非谓语动词,且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为主谓关系,故填ranging。12.Ordered句意:这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,预计现在随时会到货。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;order与句子主语the books是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语,表示被动和已完成。13.using句意:除了朴素之美外,这些土坯房令人赞叹的还有其不

29、使用电力设备就能对房屋进行空气调节的能力。介词without后接动词-ing作宾语。14.enjoying句意:公园里全是人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知,themselves in the sunshine作people的定语,people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填enjoying。15.spent分析句子结构可知,Much time与动词spend为逻辑上的动宾关系,因此使用过去分词短语作定语。bining句中an English word和combine之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语,起补充说明的作用。17.using句意:就像古代的水手那样,鸟能够利用太阳和星星找到路。根据句意及句子结构可知,空处在此作方式状语,birds与use是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词。18.taketaking此处and连接两个并列的成分,且介词后应接动词-ing,所以将take改为taking。