Unit 1 A trip to the Silk Road （基础知识）.docx

1、Unit 1 A trip to the Silk Road 精讲精练词汇精讲1. tripschool trip 意为“学校郊游”。trip 名词，“旅行、旅游、观光旅行”，常指较短距离的旅行，常回到原出发点， 例如： （1）trip作名词，意为“旅行，远足”。trip指休闲或因商务而进行的短程旅行，通常含有会回到出发地之意，口语中可与journey互换；journey指陆海空旅行，并且是有预定地点的长途旅行。其常见的词组为：take / make a trip 旅行，go on a trip 出去旅行， a bus trip 汽车旅行。例如：a round trip 往返的路程Have a

2、 good trip. 旅行愉快。（2）a trip to +地点，表示“之行，之旅”。 例如：Would you like to have a trip to Africa? 你愿意去非洲旅行吗?They will make a trip to Australia. 他们将去澳大利亚旅行。2. chance（1）chance表示“机会”，是可数名词，要表示“做某事的机会”，其后可接 to do sth 或 of doing sth。例如：It is a good chance to study English. 这是学习英语的好机会。I have a chance of going to B

3、eijing. 我有机会去北京。（2）表示“希望”、“可能性”，可用作可数名词或不可数名词。要表示“做某事的可能性”，通常后接“of doing” 形式。例如：He has a good chance of winning. 他很有希望获胜。There is still chance that you will pass the exam. 你考试及格还是有希望的。（3）用于 by chance, 意为“偶然地”、“无意中”。例如：He met her by chance. 他是偶然遇到她的3.send send是及物动词，意为“寄，发送”，过去式和过去分词都是sent，其后能接双宾语，即se

4、nd sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.。例如：He sent me a postcard. = He sent a postcard to me. 他寄给我一张明信片。【拓展】 能接双宾语的动词可分为两类：(1) 常用介词to的动词有：send; give; show; bring; show; teach; tell等。例如： give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 出示某人某物(2) 常用介词for的动词有：buy; sing; make; cook; get等。例如：

5、 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物4. be made of be made of 意为“由制成”。例如： The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的。短语含义用法be made of由制成强调由制成品能看出原材料be made from强调由制成品一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料be made in在（某地）制造强调物品的产地例如： These bottles are made of glass.这些瓶子是由玻璃制成的。 Wine is

6、made from grapes. 红酒是葡萄酿的。 This car is made in Tianjin. 这辆车是在天津制造的。5. specialspecial 是形容词，意为“特别的”，用在名词前或不定代词后作定语。其副词形式是specially，表示“特别地”。例如：That is a special day. 那是一个特别的日子。Is there anything special in the newspaper？ 报纸上有什么特殊的消息吗？He specially made a birthday cake for me. 他特意为我做了一个生日蛋糕。6. enough (1)

7、enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如： The food is enough for the trip. 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。 I have enough time to watch TV. 我有足够的时间看电视。 (2) enough还可作副词，意为“足够的”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如： The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。7. arrivearrive意为“到达”，是不及物动词，如果

8、后面接地点副词，如：home, there, here等词，不需要再加介词。后接地点名词时，应加介词in或at。大地方用in，如country, city等；小地方用at，如school, hotel, stop等。例如：They arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他们昨天到的北京。When you arrive home, please give me a call. 到家的时候请给我打个电话。【拓展】表示“到达”的词汇还有get to和 reach。get to; arrive in; reach的辨析：get toarrive in + Beijing(地点名词

9、)reachget + home; here; there(地点副词)arrive 8. leave/ leave for(1) leave是动词，意为“离开”，相当于go away，是瞬间动词，不能和一段时间连用。例如： He left Beijing yesterday. 他昨天离开北京。(2) leave somewhere意为“离开某地”；而leave for somewhere意为“前往某事，到某地去”。例如： When is the train leaving? 火车什么时候离开？ Mr. Smith is leaving for Paris next month. 史密斯先生下个

10、月将前往巴黎。9.cross cross是动词，意为“穿过，越过”。例如： Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 【拓展】cross; across与through的辨析：这三个词均有“过，通过”之意。唯独cross是动词，在句中常作谓语，across和through是介词；across和cross强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面上通过，across常与go; walk; fly; jump等动词搭配；through则强调从某一范围内部，且表示的动作在立体的内部空间进行，如：穿过沙漠、森林、窗户、城市等。例如： He walked

11、across the street in a hurry. 他匆匆忙忙地穿过街道。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。10. anotheranother 是形容词，意为“再一个，又一个”。例如：We need another three plates. 我们另外还需要三个盘子。Theyre singing in another classroom. 他们在另一个教室唱歌。【拓展】the other 表示两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”。常用于onethe other结构中，表示“两个中的另一个”。例如：I have two friend

12、s. One is Li Lei, the other is Tom.我有两个朋友，一个是李雷，另一个是汤姆。11. a few（1）a few 意为“几个；少许” 相当于several，只修饰可数名词复数，表肯定含义。例如：He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。（2）few 意为“少数的；很少的”，只修饰可数名词，表否定含义。I can see few birds in the tree. 我几乎看不到树上有鸟。【拓展】（1）little 意为“很少；一点儿”，用于 “量；额；价值”等概念，修饰不可数名词，表否定含义。little还表示“小的”之意。There is li

13、ttle milk in the cup. 杯子里没有牛奶了。A little boy is coming. 一个小男孩过来了。（2）a little 意为“有点儿；少量” 修饰不可数名词， 表示肯定含义。He has a little money with him. 他随身带了点儿钱。12.thousandthousand是数词，意为“千”，当表示具体的“几千”时，用“基数词 + thousand”，注意不加-s。例如： There are one thousand students in our school. 我们学校有1000名学生。【拓展】 (1) thousands of 表示“数

14、千，成千上百的”这时thousand后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如：There are thousands of people in the park. 在公园里有成百上千的人。 (2) 表示数词的还有hundred“百”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和thousand一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。词汇精练. 英汉词组互译。 1.学习关于_ 2.a good chance_ 3.丝绸之路_ 4.be made of _5.一则好消息_ 6.leave for _7.名胜古迹_ 8.take a photo_9.go for a walk _

15、 10.因出名_II. 根据首字母和句子意思把单词补充完整。1. I want to go on a t_ to Beijing.2. Her scarf is made of s_. It feels soft.3. Thats a good c_ for you.4. He will s_ a birthday present to his teacher.5. Tomorrow well buy something s_ for Toms father.6. Would you like a_ cup of tea, Lily? No，thanks.7. Its not safe to

16、c_ the road now.8. Theyll a_ here in three hours.9. There is no e_ room to put the books.10.When are you l_ for Guangzhou?III. 用所给词的适当形式完成句子。1. The teacher wants me_(run) fast.2. The _(one) trip will be Shanghai.3. May I_(ask) some questions?4. Were _(go) on a trip tomorrow.5. There are about nine _

17、(thousand) people in the Birds Nest.6. They _(eat) lots of delicious food and watched TV.7. He always tells lies，so nobody _(believe) him.8. What about _(go) out for a walk?IV. 用few. a few, little或a little填空。1. Theres still _ water in the bottle.2. The old man has _ money with him, only five yuan.3.

18、 My father is a man with _ words. He is always very quiet.4. _ of us go to Shanghai every year. Now were talking about it.5. There is _ time left, I must go.6. At midnight there are _ people in the street. Most of them are asleep.参考答案. 英汉词组互译。1.learn about 2.一个好机会 3.the Silk Road 4.由制成5. a piece of

19、good news 6. 离开去某地 7.places of interest 8.拍照9.去散步 10.be famous forII. 根据首字母和句子意思把单词补充完整。1.trip 2.silk 3.chance 4.send 5.special 6.another 7.cross 8.arrive 9.enough 10.leaving III. 用所给词的适当形式完成句子。1. to run 2.first 3.ask 4.going 5.thousand 6.ate 7.believes 8.goingIV. 用few. a few, little或a little填空。1. a

20、 little 2.a little 3.few 4.a few 5.little 6.few句式精讲1. Who will lead the trip?Will后接动词原形，构成一般将来时，一般将来时表示将来发生的事，常与tomorrow, next year，next week等表示未来的时间状语连用。如果表示疑问是把will提前放在句首即可。否定句在will后面加not，缩写为wont。例如：Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。Will you come here tonight？今晚你会来吗？I wont go

21、 to the zoo tomorrow. 明天我不去动物园。【拓展】will还可用来表示意愿，即“愿意或不愿意”。例如：Come and see me tomorrow. 明天来找我。Yes，I will. 好的。一Dont be late. 别来晚了。一No，I wont. 不会晚的。2. How far is it from. how far 用来询问距离，意为“多远”。例如： How far is it from your school to the cinema? 从你们学校到电影院有多远？ 【拓展】 与how形成固定搭配，进行提问的常用句式如下： (1) how much用来询问价

22、格，意为“多少钱”。例如： How much is this T-shirt? 这件T恤多少钱？ (2 how many后接可数名词复数形式，用来询问数量，意为“多少”。例如： How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生？ (3) how often用于询问某动作行为或状态发生的频率。例如： How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视？ (4 how soon用于询问时间，意为“多久以后”。例如： How soon will she come back？她多久才回来？3. Eat delicious Chi

23、nese food and enjoy the special dishes of Xian. enjoy是动词，有“欣赏，享受，喜爱”等意思，后接名词、代词或动名词。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做”或者“做很开心/很享受”。例如：People enjoy the citys quiet street. 人民喜爱这个城市宁静的街道。I enjoy listening to pop music. 我喜欢听流行音乐。 【拓展】enjoy常见的习惯用语还有enjoy oneself“玩得开心，过得愉快”，和have a good time同义。例如： They are enjoying

24、 themselves. = They are having a good time. 他们玩的很开心。4. Look at the sign，“No Photos!”（祈使句）这是一个祈使句，以动词短语look at开头。表示命令、请求、禁止或建议等语气的句子叫祈使句。祈使句通常省去主语you。有时为了表达较委婉或客气的语气，可在句子开头或末尾加please。其肯定结构通常以动词原形开头；否定结构在动词前加dont。例如： Open the door. 把门打开。 Dont do it like that. 不要像那样做。祈使句的结构类型如下: (1) Do型：即“动词原形(+宾语)+其它成

25、分”。例如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。（2）Be型：即“Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分”。例如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!（3）Let型：即“Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。例如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 （4）有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。例如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!5. Its one of the main stops on the Silk Road.（one of 句式）one of意为“中的一个”或“之一”，后接复数名词，当

26、名词前有形容词修饰时，形容词应用其最高级形式。one of作主语时应看成单数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mike is one of the tallest students in our class. 迈克是我们班最高的学生之一。One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我的妹妹。One of us has nothing for breakfast. 我们中有一个人没吃早饭。句式精练I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1.They are leaving for Japan on March 6.（对划线部分提问） _ _they leaving f

27、or Japan?2. Its five thousand kilometers from Beijing to Liaoning.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _ it from Beijing to Liaoning? 3. Please close the door.(改为否定句) _ _ the door, please.4. They enjoyed themselves in the park yesterday.(改为同义句) They _ _ _ _in the park yesterday.5.Li Ming invites his friends to China.(改为一般

28、疑问句) _ Li Ming _ his friends to China?6. You can come here tomorrow.(改为一般疑问句) _ you _ here tomorrow?II. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 我们班有一个学生来自美国。 _ _our classmates _ from America.2.你愿意帮我学英语吗？ _ you help me _my English?3.你将还有机会通过考试。You _ _ _ _ to pass the exam.4.让我们玩篮球吧。_ _ basketball.5.如果你想通过十字路口，你一定要小心。If

29、 you want_ _the crossing, you should_ _.6.这条河有100多米宽。The river is more than 100 _ _.7.我们的教室和他们的一样大。Our classroom is _ _ _theirs.8.鲁迅因他的作品而闻名。Lu Xun_ _ _his works.9.我总有一天会回来的。 _ _ I _ come back.10.这个城市盖了数以千计的新楼房。There are _ _new _ in the city.III.按要求完成下面含有will的将来时句式变换。1.There will be a meeting tomorr

30、ow afternoon.（改为一般疑问句）_2. He will be free next week.(对划线部分提问)_?3.Her mother will give her a nice present on her next birthday.(对划线部分提问)_4. We will go skating next winter.(改为否定句）_5. He comes back late.（用in two days改写句子）_IV.补全对话。A. I think youd better take a bus.B. Its about two kilometers away.C. Eit

31、her No. 11 bus or No. 18 bus is OK.D. Yes, the park is just opposite the bus stop.E. its a little far from here.A: Excuse me, where is Seven Star Park, please? Im a stranger here.B: Oh, 1 A: How far is it from here? B: 2 A: Well, how can I get there?B: 3 A: Which bus should I take?B: 4 A: Can it tak

32、e me right there?B: 5 A: Thank you very much.B: Its my pleasure. 参考答案I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1.When are 2.How far is 3.Dont close 4.had a good time 5.Does, invite 6.Can, comeII. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。1.One of, is/comes 2.Will/Would/Could, with 3. will have a chance 4.Lets play 5.to cross，be careful 6. meters

33、wide 7.the same as/as big as8.is famous for 9.One day，will 10.thousands of，buildingsIII.按要求完成下面含有will的将来时句式变换。1. Will there be a meeting tomorrow afternoon？2. When will he be free ？3. What will her mother give her on her next birthday？4. We wont go skating next winter.5. He will come back in two days.IV.补全对话。1.E 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D