Unit 1 Science and scientists-单元重点词汇讲练-高二英语重难点词句语法基础 提升练（新人教版选择性必修二）.docx

1、选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists 单元重点词汇讲练1. P2 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.l frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的(形容人或人的表情、声音等)；失意的；不得志的 frustrate vt. 使沮丧; 使懊恼 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的; 令人懊恼的 frustration n. 懊恼；令人懊恼的事物l 常见搭配：be/feel/get/beco

2、me frustrated at/with sth. 因感到沮丧/懊恼1). 语境串记：What _ me most was the _ news about the football match, whose result made everyone here _. (frustrate).2). After a long and _(tire) flight, Ritz was _(frustrate) at the news _ his luggage had been sent to Hang Kong _ mistake.3). Mary failed in the exam and

3、 her father worried that she couldnt stand the _(frustrate) of it.4). 当我们没有做到我们自己的期望时，我们往往会感到沮丧。_2. P2 The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.l infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 使感染；传染 infected adj. 受感染的 infectious adj. 传染性的l be/become infected with 感染上；传染上 inf

4、ectious disease 传染病1). In heavily _(infect) areas, half the population become blind.2). When a person has an _(infect) disease, he is usually _(separate) from others.3). 因为有效预防，很少有人感染这个病毒_3. P2 Snow subscribed to the second theory.l subscribe to 赞成，同意；定期订购；定期捐助1). Ever since he entered university, h

5、e _(subscribe) to a monthly magazine about tennis.2). All scientists subscribed _ the view that the increase _ the earths temperature is due to the _(burn) of fossil fuels.3). 经理同意了Tim提出的我们订一些有用杂志的建议。_4. P2 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.l suspect v. 怀疑；认为 n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象 suspect sb. of

6、 (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事suspected adj. 有嫌疑的；被怀疑的 suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的；令人怀疑的 be suspicious of 对怀疑l blame v. 指责；责备；谴责把归咎于； n. 责任；责备；指责blame sb. for因责备某人 blame sth. on 把某事归咎于 be to blame for 因责备/负责任take /bear/shoulder the blame (for sth.) (对某事)承担责任 put/lay the blame on sb. (for sth) (因)把责任推给某人1). Older

7、 people tend _(be) quite conservative and a bit _(suspect) of any possible advances.2). The official is under _(investigate) by the police for _(suspect) of taking money from the bank.3). _(blame) for the accident, the driver couldnt get away _ it.4). Lots of people find _ hard to get up in the morn

8、ing, and put the blame _ the alarm clock.5). 警方怀疑他实施了两起袭击，尽管没有确凿的证据。_6). 不要总是把失败归咎于别人，有时候是你自己而不是别人该担责任。_5. P3 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.l link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把连接起来；相关联；挽住；钩住l There is a link betweenand 和之间有联系

9、 linkwith/be linked with 联系，连接在一起拓展：表示“联系，有关系”的短语：be related to; be associated with; be involved in; be connected with; have something to do with1). The study further strengthens the evidence _(link) smoking with early death.2). 师生之间有紧密的联系。_3). 健康问题和不良的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼有关系。_6. P3 Through Snows tireless eff

10、orts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. l through ones tireless efforts 通过某人不懈的努力 through great/intense/joint efforts 通过巨大的/共同的努力l a substantial(dramatic/sharp/marked) decrease (in) (某方面)大幅的/明显的降低l decrease n. 减少，降低 v. (

11、使大小、数量等)减少，降低拓展：on the decrease 在减少 decrease to/by下降到/了; decrease fromto从下降到在动词decrease/drop/fall/reduce (减少)和increase/rise（增加、上升）之后，介词by/to表幅度。1). Population growth rate is decreasing _ 1.4% each year.2). The pries of coal are low as a result of over-supply and a _ (decrease) demand.3). Any decreas

12、e _ tourism could have a serious effect _ the local economy.4). 骑自行车穿红灯的人在减少。_5). 自从采取安全措施以后，我们已经看到事故数量明显下降。_7. P7 A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly become hard as concrete.l pour vt. 倾泄；倒出；倾盆而下；斟(饮料); 倾诉常见搭配：pour i

13、n 蜂拥而至；大量涌入； pour into/out of 大量涌入/涌出 pour down 倾盆而下Pour cold water on/over 泼冷水，使(人)沮丧，让(人)扫兴 pour cats and dogs 倾盆大雨It never rains, but it pours. 祸不单行。1). All the passengers were pouring _ of the train, but it was _(pour) cats and dogs outside. _(see) so many people pour _ the waiting hall, I felt

14、this really poured cold water _ my plan to attend my teachers birthday party on time.2). I was standing in the _(pour) rain for an hour _(wait) for my bus.3). 数千人涌入体育场观看这场足球比赛，尽管外面下着瓢泼大雨。_8. P7 However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation

15、 because he realized that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. l break out 爆发；突然开始l break构成的其他短语：break in 强行闯入；打断，插画 break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)break down 出故障；(身体)垮了；(谈判)失败； break up 解散；绝交；粉碎 break away from逃脱；脱离 break through 突破，有重大发现； l defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解；防御 d

16、efence n. 保卫；辩护，辩解 defensive adj. 防御的；保卫的常见搭配：defendagainst/from保护/保卫免受之害(=protectfrom/against) defend against/from抵御 in defence of为了保卫 in ones defence 为某人辩护用break短语，完成以下15题:1). Dont _ when we are talking. Wait for your turn.2). How the big forest fire has _ remains to be a mystery.3). Her parents q

17、uarreling with each other constantly led to her family _.4). The football star _ his former club and planned to join another.5). After three days of continuous work, he _ once and for all.6). The strong walls of the castle served as a good _(defend) against the attackers.7). We should build up a pow

18、erful army _(defend) our motherland.8). Speaking _(为辩护) the proposal, he pointed out how much cheaper it would be.9). 一旦感染HIV，身体不能抵御疾病。_9. P8 He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.l be

19、 put in charge of (被动)=put sb. in charge of (主动) 任命某人负责/掌管常见搭配：in charge of 负责/掌管 in the charge of 由负责/掌管 take charge of(强调动作) 负责/掌管free of charge 免费 charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.) 收费；要价 charge sb. with/accuse sb. of 指控.做某事1). 他负责那家公司。他因为收取顾客额外费用而被指控。_以下句子用charge短语填空：2). The general engineer left his

20、secretary _ the project during his absence.3). He _ murder but he was found innocent later.4). We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and _.10. P8 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.l come d

21、own with 患(病), 染上(病) come down 崩塌；落下；着陆；下降 come down to sb. 流传下来come常见搭配：come about 发生； come across 偶然遇见/看到; come up 被提及；被提出come up with 提出； come out 出版(vi)；出来； come off 从掉下 come into being 形成用come短语完成下面句子：1). Here comes the good news that house prices have _ recently.2). While cleaning the attic ye

22、sterday, I _ an old photograph of my mother.3). During the cold rainy weather last week, Mr. Bill suddenly _ a fever.4). Can you explain how it _ that you were an hour late.5). It is said that his new novel _ in the near future.Unit 1 单元重点词汇讲练参考答案：1. 1) frustrated; frustrating; frustrated 2) tiring;

23、 frustrated; that; by 3) frustration 4). When we fail to live up to our own expectations, we often feel frustrated.2. 1) infected 2) infectious; separated 3) Few people are infected with the virus owing to/due to/because of effective prevention.3. 1) has subscribed 2) to; in; burning 3) The manager

24、subscribed to the suggestion Tim put forward that we should subscribe to some useful magazines.4. 1) to be; suspicious 2) investigation; being suspected 3). Blamed; with 4) it; on 5). The police suspect him of carrying out two attacks, though theres no solid evidence. 6). Dont always blame your own

25、failure on others. Sometimes it is you yourself, not others, that are to blame for it/should take the blame for it.5. 1) linking; 2). Theres a close link between teachers and students. 3). Health problem is closely linked with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.6. 1). by 2) decreasing 3) in; o

26、n 4) The number of cyclists running red lights is on the decrease. 5). We have seen a substantial(dramatic/sharp/marked) decrease in the number of accidents since these safety measures were introduced/taken.7. 1). Out; pouring; Seeing; into; on/over 2) pouring 3). Thousands of people poured into the

27、 stadium to watch the football match, although it was pouring cats and dogs outside./it was pouring/pouring down outside.8. 1) break in 2) broken out 3) breaking up 4) broke away from 5) broke down 6). defence 7). to defend 8). in defence of9). Once infected with HIV, the body is unable to defend itself against diseases.9. 1). The company was in the charge of him. He was charged with charging the customers extra fees. 2). in charge of 3) was charged with 4). Free of charge10. 1) come down 2) came across 3) came down with 4) came about 5) will come out