Unit 1 Science Fiction-单元语法和写作-高二英语重难点词句语法基础 提升练（新人教版选择性必修四）.docx

1、选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元语法及写作一、 单元语法：被动语态、Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.1. It was going to be tested out by Lorrys wife, Claire.2. . , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her o

2、r allow her to be harmed.3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, .5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, .6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so

3、she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. 8. Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready.在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。、使用被动语态的情况：(1)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。The meeting

4、 has been put off. (2)强调动作的承受者时。This sculpture was carved by him.(3)出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。Everyone is expected to obey the following rules. (4)动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时I make a cake现在进行时Im making a cake.一般过去是I made a cake

5、.过去进行时I was making a cake.现在完成时I have made a cake.过去完成时I had made a cake.一般将来时I will make a cake.be going toIm going to make a cake.情态动词I can make a cake.情态动词完成时I should have made a cake.注意：1. 不及物动词, 不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。常见的有：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, t

6、ake place, belong to,等。The accident happened last night.2. make, see, hear, watch, notice等感官动词或使役动词：在主动语态里，作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to要还原。They made him go there alone. He was made _ there alone.3. 带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，用for或者to引出表示人的间接宾语。We gave him a letter._4. 动词短语(动词+介/副)在主谓结构中不可分割，在被动句中，不可去掉后面的介词或

7、者副词。 She often looks after the old.-The old are often looked after by her.5. get + done, 也可以表示被动含义。 Unfortunately, he got badly injured in an accident.6. 在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。It is done(say, report, hope, believe.) that. 7. 注意区别被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，V-ed表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。 (1)The long

8、novel was written by Mr. Lu in the 1920s. (2) The long novel was well written, do you think so?8. 主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)当open, close, shut, lock, move, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等用作不及物动词且表示主语某种属性时； The door doesnt shut.(2)连系动词(look, sound, smell, feel, taste, remain等)后

9、接表语时； Your advice sounds practical.(3)当want, need, require等表示“需要”的动词后跟V-ing时； The house needs cleaning./The house needs to be cleaned.、主动语态改为被动语态的三个步骤：a. 把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语； b. 把主动句的谓语变成be+V-ed，时态与原句保持一致； c. 把主动句的主语变成由by引导的的宾格形式，放在被动句的谓语之后，by短语可以省略。【实战演练】：、单句语法填空1. All these goods _(pick) by the boss,

10、Thats the reason why they are of high quality.2. Jenny _(abuse) by her father since she was ten, which did great harm to her. 3. Most people think that the use of cellphones should _(forbid) while they are _(drive).4. Every possibility for the treatment of AIDS is _(explore).5. It has _(confirm) tha

11、t the World Internet Conference will _(take) place next week. 6. The people _(trap) by the fire in this building must _ (rescue) as soon as possible. 7. The notice _(come) around two in the afternoon that the meeting would _(put) off. 8. It was _(fear) that food supplies would give out before the be

12、sieged (被围攻的) town could _ (relieve). 9. I still remember_ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I_ (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 10. I _ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was _(frigh

13、ten) news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. 、根据要求完成下面句子1. 众所周知，Stephen Curry 是世界上最著名的篮球运动员之一。（acknowledge, celebrate)_2. 一条新铁路去年年底已竣工，这为我们的生活带来了极大的便利。_3. 幸亏计划成功实施，我们的任务进展顺利。_4. 同学们一直很努力的学习，我相信你们的努力最终会有回报。（convince; reward)_5. 听说这个博物馆值得一看，我在星期天去了，却被告知它在装修。_、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个

14、单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Science fiction 1_(regard) by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and 2_(discover). The Three-Body Problem, 3_(write) by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those 4_(astonish) predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese s

15、ci-fi magazine in 2006 and 5_(print) as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume 6_(translate) into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, 7_(become) the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book 8_(represent) many themes su

16、ch as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. The Three Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye 9_(recruit) to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which 10_(connect) to contact alien life forms. In the other story

17、, set 20 years later, Wang Miao get 11_(catch) up in a popular online game 12_(call) Three Body, where people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a gameit uncovers a great danger 13_(threaten) human existence. How are these two peoples stories 14_(set) up? A

18、nd how will their behaviour change Earths future and the civilizations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to 15_(explore) when you go on reading.二、单元写作： I 典例详析你校校报英语角举办科幻故事征文比赛，请你写一个关于飞碟的故事参加比赛。内容包括： 1. 时间、地点 2. 主要情节 3. 你的感受注意：1. 词数80左右 2. 故事题目(The Flying Saucer)已经给出，不计入总词数

19、。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_a. 关键词语：1. 感到惊恐_2. 凉快下来 _3. 入睡 _4. 划过天空 _5 看起来像 _6 从.里走下来_7. 躲在.后面 _8. 手里拿着.(介词短语)_9. 突然 _10. 从.爬出来 _b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（结合课文词句写此应用文）：1. 晚上太热了，我睡不着。_2. 我爬出帐篷，四处走走想让自己凉快下来。_3. 一道亮光划过天空，一个飞碟出现在我的帐篷附近，它看起来就像我白天读的书里的一样。_4. 我感到很惊恐，就躲到了一块石头后面, 摒住呼吸。_5. 我看见一个外星人从一扇圆门里走了下来。_6. 他

20、走进我的帐篷，手里拿着东西出来了，登上UFO，飞走了。_7. 我立刻跑进帐篷，发现我的平板电脑不见了。_8. 我不能相信我所看到的。下一次外星人再来的话，我一定要和他谈话。_连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：_实战演练：假如你是李华，想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去观看科幻电影 The Wandering Earth， 请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 发出邀请；2. 介绍电影(主题：保护人类共同的家园地球；观众评价等)；3. 请求回复。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_Unit 1 单元语法和写作参考答案：单元语法实战演练、1 were picked

21、 2 had been abused 3 be forbidden; driving 4 being explored 5 been confirmed; take 6 trapped; be rescued 7 came; be put 8 feared; be relieved9 visiting; be shocked 10 was diagnosed; frightening、1. It is generally/universally acknowledged that Stephen Curry is one of the most celebrated basketball pl

22、ayers in the world. 2. A new railway had been built by the end of last year, which brought great convenience to our life.3. Thanks to the plan carried out successfully/Because the plan was carried out successfully/The plan carried out successfully, we got along well with our assignment.4. The studen

23、ts have been working hard on their study. Im convinced that youll be rewarded in the end/ultimately/eventually/finally.5. It was said that the museum was worth visiting/a visit. I went there on Sunday, only to be told it was being decorated. 、1 is regarded 2 discovered 3 written 4 astonishing 5 prin

24、ted 6 was translate 7 becoming 8 represented 9 was recruited 10 is connected 11 caught 12 called 13 threatening 14 set 15 be explored二、 单元写作a. 1 feel alarmed 2 cool down 3 fall asleep 4 flash through the sky 5 look like 6 come down through 7 hide behind 8 with . in ones hand 9 all of a sudden 10 cra

25、wl out of b. 1. It was hot at night and I couldnt fall asleep in the tent./It was too hot at night for me to fall asleep. =So hot was it at night and I couldnt fall asleep in the tent.2. I crawled out of the tent and walked around, hoping to cool myself down. 3. All of a sudden, a bright light flash

26、ed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer, which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day. 4. Feeling alarmed, I quickly hid behind a stone, holding my breath.5. I saw an alien come down through a round door. 6. He walked into my tent, came out with somet

27、hing in his hand, boarded the UFO and then flew away.7. I immediately ran into my tent, finding that my Pad was gone.8. I couldnt believe what I had seen. The next time the alien came a second time, I would talk to him.连句成篇：The Flying SaucerSo hot was it at night and I couldnt fall asleep in the ten

28、t. Thus, I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down. The sky was clear and stars were shining.All of a sudden, a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer, which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day. Feeling alarmed, I

29、quickly hid behind a stone, holding my breath. I saw an alien come down through a round door. He walked into my tent, came out with something in his hand, boarded the UFO and then flew away.I immediately ran into my tent, finding that my Pad was gone. I couldnt believe what I had seen. The next time

30、 the alien came a second time, I would talk to him.实战演练：Dear John, Knowing that you are interested in science fiction, Id like to invite you to see a film, The Wandering Earth, this weekend. It is on these days, whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home. The movie audiences descri

31、be it as a breakthrough in the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far.Shall we go to watch the film if you are available? How about his Saturday evening? Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that I can book the tickets in advance.Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.Yours, Li Hua