Unit 1 单元测试（A卷·夯实基础）-2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、 Unit 1 People of Achievement单元测试（A卷夯实基础）（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共30分，略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短

2、文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIt is that time of the year, when a handful of worlds leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Heres a look at who has won the prize and for what.Physi

3、ology or MedicineSwedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.PhysicsAlain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilingers work in quantum (量子

4、) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.

5、ChemistryThe Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be aw

6、arded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.EconomicsThe Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committe

7、e announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the banks impact on societal functions.1What prize is related to the research with bones?APhysiology.BCh

8、emistry.CPhysics.DEconomics.2For what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?AAbout societal functions.BAbout the history of America.CAbout banks and financial crises.DAbout the Great Depression of the 1930s.3What do the prizes for physics, chemistry and eco

9、nomics have in common?ATheir winners are from different countries.BThey have three winners.CThey improve new technology. DThey help people understand hardship.BAt 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You

10、have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, William Bertozzi, a retired physics professor from MIT. “Hes 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed

11、,” said Bertozzi. “And then he called my sisters for me. One of my sisters and my dad watched it live.”Bertozzi was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set of chemical reactions that allow researchers to study molecules（分子）and their interactions in living things

12、without involving natural biological processes, Bertozzis lab has been using the new methods to answer fundamental questions about the role of sugars in biology, to solve practical problems, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases, and to create a new medicine that can better target

13、tumors (肿瘤).“I could not be more delighted that Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the

14、 world gain deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Being a crown jewel in chemistry, her work has had remarkable real-world impact. The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce ne

15、w materials for energy storage, among many other applications.”“They call and Im not even awake . have hundreds of voicemails. This is how its going to be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews about two hours later to check her messages, Bertozzi said, “My family is already b

16、ooking their flights to Stockholm. Its amazing. Go back to sleep!”4Why was a call made to Bertozzi at midnight?ATo warn her of some emergency.BTo inform her of winning the prize.CTo make preparations for a meeting.DTo collect things to visit her relatives.5What does Bertozzis lab use the new methods

17、 to do?ADevelop a new drug for cancer.BProduce more nutritious sugars.CSeparate biology from chemistry.DFind cures for infectious diseases.6What does the underlined part “a crown jewel” in paragraph 4 refer to?AThe kings treasure.BThe universal focus.CThe most complex part.DThe most valuable breakth

18、rough.7What kind of person is Bertozzi?ACourageous and quiet.BCreative and generous.CWild and hard-working.DPioneering and humorous.CDaniel Brush, an astonishing worker in gold, jewels and steel died on November 2022, aged 75. Students from a jewellery school once came to Brushs studio, a loft in mi

19、d-Manhattan, awed to be meeting a figure who, to them, was a worker of miracles.For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the only company. He produced hundreds of objects of all sorts, most of them exquisite and many astonishingly small. Rather than use electricity,

20、 he laboured alone in a forest of antique machines and when tools frustrated him he made his own, displaying them in cupboards as art in themselves.Above all else, he worked in gold. His obsession took fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gold bowl in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The ancient techni

21、que of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.He resolved then that he would make such a bowl, and gold became the study of his life. Simply to watch it melt, turn to red-hot and white-hot, then glow p

22、urple, was magical. To hold pure gold grain and let it move slowly through his fingers restored his calm of spirit. His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his heart had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a

23、message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.He developed delicate craftsmanship, with each object virtually a museum piece. For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pa

24、ss from mind to mind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after.8What can we learn about Daniel Brush?AStudents visited him regularly.BHe began to live in his loft in 1975.CHe tended to use ancient crafts to produce objects.DMost objects he produced were of a surprisingly small size.9What is

25、the main reason for his lifelong study of gold?AHe wanted to learn more about both gold and himself.BHe wondered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.CHis calm was restored when gold grain moved through fingers.DGold had a particular message for him and he was eager to hear it.10Which of the fo

26、llowing can best describe Daniel Brush?AStubborn.BWealthy.CDedicated.DLonely.11What does the author try to emphasize in the last paragraph?ABrushs valuable works.BThe admirers Brush expected.CBrushs desire for fame.DThe artistic ideal Brush pursued.DThe Mattel toy company created a new Barbie doll w

27、ith the famous British scientist Jane Goodall as its model. The company issued the new doll this week, the latest member of the Barbie toymakers “Inspiring Women”. Mattel said the doll, made from used plastic, honored Goodalls deep research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her efforts to protect

28、 the wild animals.The doll was dressed in a light brown shirt and shorts, much like that seen in many images of Goodall at work in Africa. It also came with a notebook, telescopes and another doll modeled on the real chimp Goodall named David Greybeard. He was the first chimpanzee with which she bui

29、lt trust in Tanzanias Gombe Stream National Park. The relationship permitted her to study the animals extremely closely. “I wanted a doll to be me even before this idea came up,” the 88- year-old scientist said. She praised Mattel for developing new Barbies standing for a wider number of working wom

30、en.Lisa McKnight agreed. She is the Executive Vice President and Global Head of Barbie and Dolls for Mattel. She said, “We hope that this collection inspires kids to learn more about green careers and how they can protect the planet, and act out stories about environmental protection through doll pl

31、ay.”Goodall started her research in what is now Tanzania in the 1960s. She produced much research on wild chimpanzees over the years. She recorded how they made and used tools, lived in communities, and showed a high level of emotional understanding. Goodall wanted to teach children that if they wan

32、ted to have a good effect on the changing environment, they must act. Goodall said, “Hope is about action on climate change, loss of wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pollution. We reach out to others because there are people working on each one of these problems”12What do we know about the doll m

33、odeled on Goodall?AIt was created by Goodall.BIt looked like a chimpanzee.CIt was in honour of Goodall.DIt was named David Greybeard.13What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AThe habits of chimpanzees.BGoodalls career experiences.CThe importance of studying wild animals.DThe bad living conditions of chimp

34、anzees.14What did Goodall call on children to do in the last paragraph?AKeep healthy.BRaise questions.CAdapt to the environment.DProtect the natural environment.15Which of the following is the best title for the text?AJane Goodall Gets Her Own DollBA New Doll Is About to Go on SaleCWomen Should Have

35、 Green CareersDEnvironmentally Friendly Action Is a Must第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 16 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 17 He ended

36、up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 18 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same t

37、hing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc. In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Alberts theories was proved, making him the most famous

38、scientist alive! 19 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 20 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einsteins work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb.

39、Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955.AAlbert spent lots of time in America.BEinstein loved to use his imagination.CHis work turned modern physics on its head.DEven as an adult, Einstein was disorganized.EAs a child, he enjoyed solving math prob

40、lems.FAnd he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.GOne teacher even said hed never achieve anything!第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible 21 people of the world for t

41、heir outstanding achievements in different fields.Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 22 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to cont

42、rol it and make a 23 explosive (爆炸物). After years of 24 , in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 25 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynam

43、ite was the most important.When Alfreds brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 26 published Alfreds obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary,Nobel was 27 to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly 28 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death”

44、and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 29 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 30 . He spent his lifetime alone 31 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make

45、changes in his will. so as to 32 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 33 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 34 to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiolog

46、y or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 35 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.21A.rememberingBhonouringCcreditingDnegating22AnatureB.conductCflavourDbenefit23AdeadlyBbitterCusable.Dmild24AinnovationsBeffortsChesitationDassociation25Abrou

47、ght upBput upCbroke upDbuilt up26AmistakenlyBpurposefullyCunintentionallyDscientifically27AsatisfiedBrelievedCimpressedDdisappointed28ApraisedBblamedCappreciatedDfavoured29AgreedyBessentialCrichDsufficient30AerrorBwarningCthreatDconsequence31AdestroyingBinventingCcombiningDstimulating32AimproveBesta

48、blishCillustrateDsecure33ArequestBillustrationCwillDfortune34AchoicesBdecisionsCprofitsDcontributions35Agave awayBgave backCgave offDgave out第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 36 (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, o

49、n 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 37 was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 38 malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her te

50、ammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 39 (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 40 (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever diffic

51、ulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 41 (boil)the sweet wormwood, she began even 42 (careful) thinking and research work. She drew 43 conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed 44 (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 45 (draw) out the extract and fi

52、nally she succeeded.第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“The scientist I admire most”征文活动。请你用英语写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：1.概述我最敬佩的科学家2.他/她的杰出事迹3.我敬佩他/她的理由及他/她对我的影响注意：1.词数不少于80字；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯The scientist I admire most_第二节（满分25分）47阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。Desiree, a 4-year-o

53、ld girl, was sobbing quietly over her father, Ken, who had died nine months earlier. She was hugging a photograph of her father with her fingers running around his face. “Daddy”, she said softly, “Why wont you come back?”Instead of gradually adjusting to her fathers death, Desiree refused to accept

54、it “Daddy will be home soon,” shed tell her mother. “Hes at work.” When she played with her toy telephone, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss you, Daddy,” shed say. “When will you come back?” Desirees situation made her mother worried.Days later, it was Kens birthday. “How will I

55、 send him a card?” Desiree asked her mother “How about if we tie a litter to a balloon.” her mother said, “and send it up to heaven?” Desirees eyes immediately lit up.Her mother took her to a store and Desiree picked out a balloon with HAPPY BIRTHDAY above a drawing of The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desi

56、re and her father had often watched it.The childs eyes shone as they were on the way to Kens grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter to her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I love you and miss you,” she rattled off (快速说). “I hope you get this and can write to me on my birthday in January.”Her mother

57、wrote the message and their address on a small piece of paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied to the end of the string on the balloon. Finally, Desiree let fly the balloon. For almost an hour, they watched the shining spot of silver grow smaller and smaller till disappear. “Now Dads goin

58、g to write back to me,” Desiree said confidently.Every day since theyd flew the balloon, Desiree had asked her mother, “Do you think Daddy has my balloon yet?” Several weeks passed, and she stopped asking.Paragraph 1One day, 3,000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bu

59、sh caught his eyes. _Paragraph 2Desires fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived. _参考答案：1A 2C 3B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。1细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与

60、骨骼研究有关。故选A。2细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Dougl

61、as W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。3细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilingers work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、John F. Cl

62、auser和Anton Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated.

63、(诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carolyn R. Bertozzi、来自丹麦的Morten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the No

64、bel Prize committee announced on Monday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Douglas W. Diamond和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。4B 5A 6D 7D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertozzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。4细节理解题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertozzi was

65、awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who, revealing the momentous news, told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertozzi被一位诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这位代表透露了这一重大消息，告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间来振作起来，等待你的生活改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertozzi获奖了。故选B项。5细节理解题。根据第三

66、段的“Bertozzis lab has been using the new methods to answer and to create a new medicine that can better target tumors (肿瘤).(Bertozzi的实验室一直在使用新的方法来回答并创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药)”可知，Bertozzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A项。6词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used to study how cells build proteins and

67、other molecules, to develop new cancermedicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.(研究成果已用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，生产新的储能材料，以及其他许多应用)” 可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crown jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”。故选D项。7推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertozz

68、i was recognized for founding the field of bioorthogonal chemistry(生物正交化学)(Bertozzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Bertozzi invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes(在生物正交化学领域的开拓中，Bertozzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertozzi是有开拓性的。根据最后一段的“My family i

69、s already booking their flights to Stockholm. Its amazing. Go back to sleep!(我的家人已经在预订飞往斯德哥尔摩的航班。太棒了。回去睡觉吧！)”推知，Bertozzi是幽默的。综上，故选D项。8C 9A 10C 11D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。8推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The ancient technique of applying gold beads as fine as sand-grains to

70、 a curved gold surface without solder (焊接), was stunning, but so was the lightness of spirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知Daniel Brush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。9细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“His chief motivation, he said, was to understand the material and, through that, himself. He wondered why his hea

71、rt had beaten so fast in the museum that day. Gold in particular had a message for him. His contact with this glorious metal might focus all his attention and help him to hear it.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关

72、于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。10推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“For 45 years in that loft, he had pursued his calling (在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知Daniel Brush非常投入和专注，故选C。11细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“For Daniel Brush, he loved the idea that one might take a piece made by Brush out of a pocket, let its beauty pass from mind to m

73、ind, and smile. That too was what its maker was after. (对于Daniel Brush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。12C 13B 14D 15A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Goodall为模型，制造了一款新的芭比娃娃。并介绍Jane Goodall的工作经历及其对社会的贡献。12细节理解题。根据第一段“Mattel

74、 said the doll, made from used plastic, honored Goodalls deep research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her efforts to protect the wild animals. (Mattel说，这个娃娃由废旧塑料制成，因Goodall对坦桑尼亚黑猩猩的深入研究以及她为了保护野生动物所做的努力而对Goodall表示敬意。)”可知，这个芭比娃娃是为了向Jane Goodall表示敬意。故选C。13主旨大意题。根据第四段“She produced much research on

75、 wild chimpanzees over the years. She recorded how they made and used tools, lived in communities, and showed a high level of emotional understanding. (多年来，她对野生黑猩猩进行了大量研究。她记录了他们如何制作和使用工具，在群落中生活，并表现出高度的情感理解。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Goodall的研究及工作经历。故选B。14推理判断题。根据最后一段“Goodall wanted to teach children that if they

76、wanted to have a good effect on the changing environment, they must act. Goodall said, “Hope is about action on climate change, loss of wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pollution. (Goodall想告诉孩子们，如果他们想对不断变化的环境产生积极的影响，他们必须采取行动。Goodall说：“希望是关于应对气候变化，野生动物的灭绝，不友好的生活方式和污染的行动。)”可知，Jane Goodall号召孩子们行动起来保

77、护自然环境。故选D。15主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Mattel toy company created a new Barbie doll with the famous British scientist Jane Goodall as its model. The company issued the new doll this week, the latest member of the Barbie toymakers “Inspiring Women”. (Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Goodall为模型，制造了一个新的芭比娃娃。该公司本周发布了新娃娃，这是芭

78、比玩具制造商“鼓舞人心的女性”的最新成员。)”可知，文章介绍了一款新的芭比娃娃，它是由Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Goodall为模型制造的，使Jane Goodall拥有了自己的芭比娃娃。故推知文章标题应为Jane Goodall Gets Her Own Doll，故选A。16E 17G 18C 19F 20A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。16上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德

79、国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。17由上文“However, Einstein did badly at school

80、. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said hed never achieve anything!(一位老师甚

81、至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at school”相呼应。故选G。18上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) four scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His work turned modern physics on its head.(他的研究成果

82、彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。19上文“In 1919, one of Alberts theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the

83、television.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“one of Alberts theories was proved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。20下文“And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albe

84、rt Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lots of time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文“decided to stay in the USA forever”相呼应。故选A。21B 22A 23C 24B 25D 26A 27D 28B 29C 30B 31B 32A 33C 34D 35A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部

85、分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。21考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last _13_, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series o

86、f prizes for those who have made great _14_ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure

87、or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。23考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。24考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多

88、年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a _3_ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。25考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、

89、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。26考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfreds brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。27考查形容词词义

90、辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly _8_ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became _9_ by finding ways to kill more people faster t

91、han ever before, died yesterday.”可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。28考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death”可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。29考查形

92、容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He _5_ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。30考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误

93、；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone _11_ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。31考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During

94、his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。32考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone _11_ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己

95、的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。33考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great _14_

96、 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。34考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the mos

97、t recognizable and admirable awards possible _1_ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。35考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth

98、 would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great _14_ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。36achievement 37that/which 38for 39evaluated 40committed 41boiling 42more careful 43a 44its 45to draw【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟

99、大科学家屠呦呦的经历和所取得的成就。36考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被公认为一位成就斐然的科学家。分析句式结构可知，of 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。37考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组织的研究小组，该小组旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。两年后，她成为北京该项目的负责人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that或which。38考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用介词for构成固定搭配，a new treatment

100、for malaria 意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”。故填for。39考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物的药用特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面表现出了希望。分析句式结构可知，设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。40考查形容词。句意：作为一名有献身精神和耐心的科学家，她遇到任何困难都不承认失败。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词committed意为“尽心尽力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。故填committed。41考查非谓语动词。

101、句意：在煮沸艾草无法提取出有用的提取物后，她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作。分析句意可知，by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。故填boiling。42考查形容词的比较级。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填more careful。43考查冠词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸青蒿会破坏其药用价值。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配draw a conclusion that.表示“得出一个的结论”。故填a。44考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用

102、形容词性物主代词its。故填its。45考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度提取出了提取物，最后她成功了。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”。故填to draw。46The scientist I admire mostFor this topic, different people may have different ideas. Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping most, who is the person with willingness to se

103、rve the country.In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person. As a top scientist in the world, Mr. Yuan lived a very simple life, but his contributions were invaluable to the field of science and agriculture. Without him and his team, there would still be millions of people having to face the

104、 threat of hunger. He devoted his whole life to his country and people, and even to the world.So we should learn from Mr. Yuan. Love our country and serve our people.【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写题为“我最敬佩的科学家”的短文投稿，参加征文活动。【详解】1.词汇积累想法：ideaview 不同的：differentvarious优秀的：excellent outstanding献身于：devote oneself to

105、be committed to2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person拓展句：In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person that deserves everyones admiration.【点睛】【高分句型1】Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping most, who is the person with willingness to serve the country with

106、heart and soul.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Without him and his team, there would still be millions of people having to face the threat of hunger. （运用了虚拟语气）47Paragraph 1One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eye. Curious, he approached to find

107、 a silver balloon, with a piece of paper at the end of the string, wrapped in plastic. Taking it home, Wade read the touching lines to his wife Donna. She was deeply moved. With tears in her eyes, Donna decided to help Desiree. The couple went to buy a birthday card and a book of The Little Mermaid,

108、 and then she began to write a letter to Desiree.Paragraph 2Desirees fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived. Looking at the unfamiliar return address, Desirees mother was confused. Suddenly an idea struck her: the balloon! She opened the parcel and found a card with “For a

109、 Dear Daughter”. Her heart raced. She rushed to Desirees room and showed her the letter. “Its from Daddy!” Desiree jumped with joy, asking her mother to read it for her. “Happy birthday, my little angel!” Her mother began. A big tear began to trickle down Desirees cheek.【分析】这是一篇读后续写。【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，4

110、岁的小女孩Desiree 9个月前失去了父亲，她没有适应父亲的去世，认为父亲在工作，在父亲生日那天，她想给父亲寄卡片，母亲带她去商店买了气球，写了一封信绑在气球上，自从放飞了气球，她每天都问妈妈爸爸收到了没，直到几个星期后她不问了。续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一天，3000英里外，韦德正在猎鸭子，突然灌木丛中有什么东西引起了他的注意。本段应该写韦德出于好奇去查看，发现了这个银色气球和上面的信，他把信带回家，他的妻子看了信的内容，深受感动，决定帮助Desiree，回信给Desiree。第二段开头是：Desiree的五岁生日到了，下午晚些时候，一个包裹送来了。本段应该写Desiree的妈妈拿着

111、包裹，立马想到了这个包裹可能与气球有关，打开包裹后，发现是给女儿Desiree的，她立马给女儿看，Desiree看了信后，非常开心和感动。注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：at the end of，decide to do sth.，rush to，trickle down等高级词汇；Taking it home和Looking at the unfamiliar return address非谓语动词短语，with a piece of paper at the end of the string和With tears in her eyes是with复合结构等高级句式。