Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-Using lanuage-高二英语重难点词句语法基础 提升练（新人教版选择性必修三）.docx

1、选择性必修二 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-Using language 词汇练习及句型讲练一、 根据中文或首字母提示写出下列单词。（P4146）1. The dog has been b_ for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.2. Timmy is holding a table tennis b_ and his short hair is d_ with sweat.3. He finally has finished the research paper under his tutors

2、_(指导).4. The company has launched an _(广告活动) campaign to promote its _(公司的) image.5. They sailed on _(汹涌的) seas for days before they landed on the wrong side of South Georgia island.6. Lets move on to the next _(应试者). What do you think about Frank Worsley?7. Frank Wild, a _(忠诚的) and good leader, exp

3、erienced in exploring the Antarctic.8. And he paid us back by his _(承诺) to save us from a slow but painful death.9. What were the _(动机) for their actions?10. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low w_ and had to _(容忍) poor working conditions and rough seas.二、单句语法填空（P4446）1. It was ea

4、sy _(imagine) the danger ahead of them. 2. What if they _(delay)? We felt so alone and _(desperately).3. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music _(cheer) us up.4. _(stay) alive took all our time and energy.5. But how could we make fire? There were no trees _(grow) on Antarctica and _ oil

5、, so the only fuel _ we could use was animal fat. This gave off _(oil), black smoke, but it stayed _(burn) even in strong winds.6. If it werent for sea animals, we _ all starve. As _ chef, it was my duty _(cook). 7. We had to be careful not _(go) outside too often, as the _(change) temperatures coul

6、d make us ill.8. Our discipline and team spirit kept us _(optimism) and helped us deal with our fears _ a positive and successful way.9. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times _ we caught a sea animal. This was _ episode in my life _ I would never forget.10. When we were fin

7、ally _(rescue), we felt such _(relieve) and joy that many of us could not hid our tears.三、写出下列词组含义，并用其适当形式填空。consist of _cheer sb. up _stay in good spirits _ahead of _have faith in_sign up for _give off _what if _give way to _ever since _pay back _commit oneself to _give off _in all directions _have

8、 a strong resolution _arranger for _find/seek help _the chances of _1. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that _ light in the dark.2. I have been in low spirits these days, but the success of the project eventually _.3. _ they talked a long time about the topic you werent that inte

9、rested in?4. Why not _ the courses offered by the physical education department? They are interesting.5. Being a volunteer, he _ helping the poor and needy in his spare time.6. There are dozens of difficulties to deal with, yet we still _ victory.7. When the police arrived, the crowd scattered _ onc

10、e and for all.8. Karen especially likes to visit markets in small towns, whenever she can _ it.9. Herbert has undergone therapy(治疗) _ going without air for several minutes, being unconscious for two and a half months.10. The most important is not _ a famous authority but courageously defend your opi

11、nion.四、重点句式讲练1. What if they were delayed?l what if意为“要是怎么办？”=What would happen if? 常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等。l 拓展：What/How about? 怎么样？ What for? 为什么？ So what?那又怎样？ How come?怎么会呢？1). -_ it rains tomorrow?-We will just have to put it off.2). _ playing jokes on Li Ming tomorrow?3). -Please fetch me a piece of

12、 paper, Mary.-_?4) -They dont say a single word to each other. -_?5). 如果我没法提前完成这个任务怎么办？(manage; assignment; ahead of)_2. a. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.b. Three were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oill 复习there相关句式l 复习doing 作后置定语1). 所有居住在这个星球上的个人都有责任保护环境。

13、(doing作状语)_2). 如果我们看了电视的话，有一个好消息能让我们振奋。(if虚拟或倒装句；there be 句式)_3. If it werent for sea animals, we would all starve.l 复习虚拟语气用法，尤其是if虚拟, 并考虑以下句子是否可用其倒装用法。1). 如果温度变化让我生病的话，我会立刻去看医生。（straight away）_2). 如果我是你，我会对这个枯燥的工作感到厌烦。（be bored with）_3). 如果你真诚地向他求助的话，你就不会遭受拒绝了。(turndown; genuinely)_4). 没有我们的乐观和对Sha

14、ckleton的信任，我们无法顽强地活下来。(without虚拟语气)_4. a. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. b. They also had to have a strong resolution to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was.l It was ones duty to do 表“做是某人的职责”l 复习“疑问词+ever”用法，注意引导状语从句和名词性从句

15、的区别。1). 督促你们好好学习是我的职责。（urge）_2). 无论在探险中我们遇到什么挑战，我们都用乐观的方式来应付恐惧。_3). 我信任任何当我出于逆境中帮助我的人。(have faith in)_5. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.l 无灵主语: 所谓无灵主语，就是将无生命的名词或名词短语作为句子主语。a. 时间、地点名词作主语，谓语动词用“ witness; see; find”来表达发生的事情 I grow up in my hometown. =_ my

16、growth.b. 情感类名词或心理活动名词作主语: 高中常见情感类的词及其转化: 如：surprise- surprise admire-admirationamaze -amazementannoy -annoyanceangry - angeranxious- anxietyastonish-astonishment bitter-bitternessbore-boredomdelight -delightdespair-despairsdisappoint-disappointmentjoy -joyeager -eagernesshorrify- horror embarrass -

17、embarrassmentsad-sadnesshappy- happiness lonely-lonelinesspuzzle-puzzlementrelieve-reliefregret -regretsatisfy-satisfactionshame-shamesorry-sorrow在这些情感名词之后，带上动词诸如 seize，grip，visit，haunt，come over，well up等He felt very anxious. =_ tore him into pieces.c. 主语是具有动词意味的名词，常见表达: the sight of看到，the thought o

18、f 想到Immediately I saw the clock, I knew that I was late. = _ reminded me that I was late.d. 使用抽象名词作主语When she was alone, she felt a strange peace. =_ came over her when she was alone.练习：1). After ten minutes, we walked to the destination. =_ brought us to the destination.2). We went an extraordinary

19、 hiking last Sunday, which excited the nerves of everyone. _ which excited the nerves of everyone.3). She was seized by/with fear. =_ rooted her to the ground. =_4). I feel sad when I think that you are leaving for home. =_ your departure pains me.5). I will remember the experience for ever. = _ wil

20、l take root in my mind.7. Life fell into a regular pattern.生活陷入了固定的模式。 我毕业之后，生活陷入了固定的模式往返于学校_五、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。When were young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most tro

21、ubled 1_ (country) in the world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true. But heres the thing about courage: It doesnt just appear whenever we need it. Its the result of tough 2_(consider) and real work, involving the balance 3_ fear and bravery. Without fear, well do foolish th

22、ings. And without courage, well never step into 4_ unknown. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and its a balance we all deal with every day.I 5_(diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, which affects all my muscles from head to toe. It was frightening news, because I had no

23、 idea how the disease might progress. But what was 6_(extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me 7_(limit) my ambitions and dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world. Life is already8_ (scare), so to make our dreams come true, we ne

24、ed to be brave. In facing my fears and 9_(find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know 10_ it might lead you in the life journey.六、阅读理解AThankfully, I found the courage to persevere in the fa

25、ce of adversity and succeeded. Otherwise. I could be a victim and feel sorry for myself for the rest of my life. A doctor told me at a young age that I would likely never graduate from high school due to my severe hearing loss and my extremely slow speech development. I found the courage to work har

26、d in school and be active in sports and other activities despite wearing hearing aids and living with a 70% hearing loss. By the time I was college-age, I started losing my night vision. I decided to go away to college 300 miles from home. I obtained my bachelor s degree and graduated with honors. E

27、ven though I had terrible hearing loss and was beginning to lose my sight at night, I found the courage to begin a professional career.After earning my MBA degree, I accepted a position with Kellogg in the Corporate Affairs Department. When I was working on my MBA degree, I found the courage to ask

28、someone successful despite facing similar challenges to mentor（指导）me. He encouraged me to consider Kellogg as he knew the company was committed to diversity and inclusion（包容）. I nervously started my new career, because my vision loss had progressed significantly in the past few years. I am thankful

29、to have a mentor that encouraged me and I am thankful I found the courage to apply for a position with Kellogg. While Kellogg fosters a supportive, encouraging environment, it still takes courage for me to require what I need to make sure I am successful in my career. I need courage to speak up and

30、ask for suitable accommodations to do my job. I also have to ask for assistance navigating through unfamiliar areas. I have found that everyone at Kellogg is always more than willing to take my requests into account. Even though I face daily challenges, I have so much to be grateful for. We often fa

31、ce difficulties we cannot control, but we can be courageous in order to face adversity and address challenges.1What does the underlined word adversity in paragraph 1 probably mean?AAdvertisement.BReality.CDifficulty.DReward.2When the author was in high school, what happened to her?Ashe was very talk

32、ative in classBshe was engaged in sports activelyCshe suffered a severe medical errorDshe dropped out once for her hearing loss3What motivated the author to apply for a job in Kellogg?AA mentors encouragement.BHer aggressive personality.CHer interest in a challenging job.DThe companys support for th

33、e disabled.4What can we infer from paragraph 4?Ashe picked up many skills in this jobBshe has met with a lot of misunderstandingsCshe has to gain lots of support for her careerDshe achieved great success during her careerBStarting this year, Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT)scores will be about more tha

34、n just how many correct answers a person has on the test. The College Board in charge of the SAT recently published a new policy. It will include something called an adversity score, based on 31 different factors and ranging from I to 100.A score of 50 is an average level of disadvantage, said The N

35、ew York Times. A higher score means a student has faced more adversity. It will cover 150 colleges later this year and be available to all US colleges in 2020.What kind of adversity do students face? African-American students, for example, are more likely to attend underfunded(资金不足的) schools, and th

36、eir families usually cant afford extra SAT lessons. Higher SAT scores have been found to have a close tie with students from richer families and those with better-educated parents, reported The New York Times. As a result, the SAT has long been criticized for its unfairness.The new adversity score t

37、ries to deal with that reality. If a student came from a poor neighborhood or attended a high school without enough funding, this information will be given to college administrators. While one students SAT score may be lower than her rich classmates, college administrators may assume that she did he

38、r best in a bad situation.This sounds good, but the College Board has received a lot of criticism for this new development. Parents are worried. Theyre concerned that their childrens hard work would be completely neglected“(忽视)just because they happened to come from a rich family.Writing in Time, An

39、dre J. Washington and Daniel Hemel call the adversity score a half-hearted effort. They say the score fails to directly deal with racial inequality(种族不平等).They also say that the problems experienced by African-Americans are deeper than just low scores and school funding. For example, they point out

40、that African-American students are less likely to have supportive relationships with teachers, so they are less likely to have satisfying recommendation letters.At least theyre trying, says Richard D Kahlenberg, a senior fellow a The Century Foundation.” An imperfect adversity score is better than f

41、ailing to consider the difficulty so many students get through”, he said. The adversity score is simple and direct.”5What does “adversity probably mean in the passage?AMessBDifficultyCConfusionDFailure6What is that reality in paragraph 3?ASchools are underfunded.BThe media have caused the unfairness

42、.CParents are not well-educated.DFamily status greatly affects students scores.7What might the influence of “adversity score”?AIt will narrow the gap between the white and the black.BStudents from poor families are likely to benefit from it.CIt will encourage students to work harder for high scores.

43、DStudents from rich families may have higher adversity scores.8Why is there criticism of the adversity score?AIt fails to take students difficulties into consideration.BIt will make racial inequality a more serious problem.CThe relationship between teachers and students will be affected.DEfforts mad

44、e by students from rich families will be undervalued.七选五Tips for overcoming adversity Be aware of, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. _9_ To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world there is unmistakable struggle. There are floods, tsunamis,

45、wars and disasters of all types. Although pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional. Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating emotional strength, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself

46、 mentally for facing adversity head-on. _10_ Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. _11_ We need someone to talk to, someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help guide you throug

47、h the difficult time. That what does not kill you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience (韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. _12_ Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity. Take inspiratio

48、n and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable (无法超越的) difficulties. _13_ For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcam

49、e her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.AWhether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.BBut just knowing a friend is there can be most comforting.CBut if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.DHe prepares himself physically and mentally for any p

50、ossibility.EWhen the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.FUsually, when youre prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.GThey overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.Unit 4 Using Language参考答案：一二略三、1 gives off 2 cheers me up 3 What if 4 sign up

51、for 5 committed himself to 6 have faith in 7 in all directions 8 arrange for 9 ever since 10 to give way to四、1. 1) What if2) What/How about 3) What for?4) How come 5) What if I cant manage to complete the assignment ahead of time?2. 1) All individuals living on the planet have the responsibility to

52、protect the environment.2) If we had watched TV, there would have been good news to cheer us up. =Had we watched, there would have been good news to cheer us up.3. 1) If the changing temperatures made/were to make/should make me ill, I would go and see a doctor straight away. =Were the changing temp

53、eratures to make me ill/Should the changing temperatures make me ill, I would(倒装) 2). If I were you, I would be bored with such a boring job. =Were I you, I would(倒装) 3). If you had asked him for help/had turned to him genuinely, you wouldnt have been turned down. 4) Without our optimism and faith i

54、n Shackleton, we wouldnt have persevered in staying alive.4. 1) It is my duty to urge you to study hard. 2) No matter what challenges we encountered during the expedition, we dealt with our fears in an optimistic way. 3). I have faith in whoever can do me a favor when I am in adversity.6. a. My home

55、town has witnessed/seen b. Anxietyc. The sight of the clockd. A strange peace 1) A ten minutes walk 2) Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary hiking 3) Fear =Fear seized her.4). The thought of 5). The experience 7. After graduation, my life fell into a regular pattern-to and from school.五、1 countries 2 consideration 3 between 4. The 5 was diagnosed 6 extremely 7 to limit 8 scary 9 finding 10 where 六、阅读理解 CBAC BDBD AFECG