Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单词变形词组短语句型练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、Unit 4 Adversity and Courage重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)重点单词变形1qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等) vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格 n资格；资历；资格证书2enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 adv.热情地 n热情；热忱3aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) v上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食4assign vt.分派；布置；分配 n任务；作业；分配5envy n& vt.羡慕；妒忌 adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6perseverance n毅

2、力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 vi.坚持；孜孜以求7resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n决心；坚定的信念 n决议；解决；坚定8cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 adv.残忍地；残酷地 n残忍；残酷9unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 adv.幸运地 n运气；财产10guidance n指导；引导；导航 n导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为领路11advertising n广告活动；广告业 vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告 n广告；宣传12corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 n(大)公司；法人13commitment n承诺；保证

3、；奉献 vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证 adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1He has the _ that the job requires, so I believe he is _ for the job. (qualify) 2I was walking around the woods when I found a poor dog _ (abandon) there. 3Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost n

4、one of her _ (enthusiastic) for life. 4The government is pressing for an early _ (resolve) of the dispute. 5The president made a _ (commit) to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office. 6_ (fortunate), his application for the expedition was accepte

5、d. 7The company put some _ (advertise) in the local paper to advertise their products. 8She has never stopped trying and showed great _ (persevere). 9People cant help _ (envy) their wages and lifestyle. 10At the bad news that he would be put on trail, his heart _ (sink). 11Escape can be a strong _ (

6、motive) for travel. 12Thanks to your hard work,we can finish the task ahead _schedule. 13Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me,they are easy _(answer). 14Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, he fell _despair. 15From then on, I committed myself to _(lose) weight and gettin

7、g into shape. 16_my relief, our expedition had a happy ending we finally got to our destination. 17Nowadays, consumers are more and more enthusiastic _mobile payment instead of paying cash.18From my point of view, experienced advisors should be assigned _(handle) the tough nut. 19He abandoned _(he)

8、to deep despair when the news came that his wife had been killed in a car accident. 20Johns only _(recreate) is painting. He has been learning how to paint for many years. 21He could hear her dog _(bark) and whining in the distance at the moment. 22The manager has arranged for us _(have) a meeting i

9、n the afternoon.23After his graduation from college,he _(assign) to work at the foreign ministry. 24I would appreciate it if you could approve my _(apply) and inform me of the interview. 25The_ (guide) system didnt work and he had to get it repaired by professionals. 26After a few days, youll establ

10、ish a pattern of going to bed at _(rough) the same time and falling asleep right away. 27Sometimes the non-vegan(非严格素食主义者) might feel uncomfortable, afraid that their vegan friend will think they are _(cruelty) for eating animals or animal products. 28Having worked as an educator for many years, Jan

11、e is very experienced _teaching. 29Weve applied _a charitable organization for a grant for the project. 30Today I am as_ about my job as the first day and my_ enables me to treat my job _(enthusiastic) 31We as individuals can also be committed to _ (reduce) our carbon footprint on the environment. 3

12、2He asked me to take fewer _ (belong) as there was little room left in our car. 33I have arranged for Tom _(pick) up the experts at the airport. 34With faith and _(persevere), Goodall finally overcame all the difficulties. 35The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _(play) in the mud all

13、 the morning. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词36All passengers _ (在飞机上), we should be landing shortly. Please fasten your seat belts.37He made a _ (真心的) attempt to improve conditions. 38I want to find a _ (体面的) and leisurable job with high pay in the future. 39The mission for the_(全体乘务人员)of the space shuttle is essenti

14、ally over. 40I had a physical problem and had to go to the hospital for a _ (全面的) examination. 41We are always busy with our work, only playing basketball once a week for _ (消遣). 42It is a good opportunity for young people to improve their performance under the _ (指导) of the professional coach. 43Th

15、e _ (应试者) who failed to meet these requirements was not admitted to the university. 44As _ (儒家) says, “Keep what you say and carry out what you do.” 45She decided she would try to forget the _ (一段经历) by the lake. 三、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Antarctica, the southernmost part of Eart

16、h, is covered with snow and ice all year round. _46_ it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert. But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O Brady is different. Three_47_ (month) ago he became the first person _48_(cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O Brady

17、spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push _49_ (he) to the limit. He carried everything hed need on a sled. But even with enough food, O Brady began to become _50_ (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I _51_ (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this p

18、oint,” he wrote on US social media Instagram. Adding to the pressure, O Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with Brady _52_ (take) an early lead. But on Christmas Day, O Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. _53_(lucky) for him he ma

19、de it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis. O Brady thinks that he has the spirit _54_ exploration in his blood: He is_55_athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this strength and achieve much.参考答案：重点单词变形1qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格qualifi

20、cation n资格；资历；资格证书2enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiastically adv.热情地enthusiasm n热情；热忱3aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)board v上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食4assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n任务；作业；分配5envy n& vt.羡慕；妒忌envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6perseverance n毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求7resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解

21、决(问题或困难) n决心；坚定的信念resolution n决议；解决；坚定8cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty n残忍；残酷9unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately adv.幸运地fortune n运气；财产10guidance n指导；引导；导航guide n导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为领路11advertising n广告活动；广告业advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告advertisement n广告；宣传12corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的corpora

22、tion n(大)公司；法人13commitment n承诺；保证；奉献commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的1 qualification qualified【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：他有这份工作所需的资历，所以我相信他有资格担任这份工作。第一空作has的宾语，需用qualify的名词形式qualification，意为“资格，资历”，空前有the限定，表示特指，可用单数形式。第二空作is的表语，需用qualify的形容词形式qualified，意为“有资格的，胜任的”。故第一空填qualif

23、ication，第二空填qualified。2abandoned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在树林里散步时，发现一只可怜的狗被遗弃在那里。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，dog与abandon为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填abandoned。3enthusiasm【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管露丝玛丽患一种严重的疾病很多年了，但她从来没有失去对生活的热情。在介词of后应用名词作宾语。名词enthusiasm意为“热情”，不可数。故填enthusiasm。4resolution【详解】考查名词。句意：政府迫切要求尽早解决争端。作介词的宾语应用名词resolution，不定冠词提

24、示用单数。故填resolution。5commitment【详解】考查名词。句意：总统向全国承诺，他上任后将努力降低税收和改善医疗保健。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语make a commitment to“做出承诺”，满足句意要求，所以此处为名词作宾语。故填commitment。6Fortunately【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他的探险申请被接受了。分析句子可知，此处为副词Fortunately“幸运的是”作状语修饰整个句子。故填Fortunately。7advertisements【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司在当地报纸上刊登了一些广告来宣传他们的产品。此处应用可数名词advert

25、isement作宾语，由some可知，应用复数，故填advertisements。8perseverance【详解】考查名词。句意：她从未停止过尝试，表现出了极大的毅力。分析句子可知，设空处需要名词perseverance充当宾语，表示“毅力”是不可数名词。故填perseverance。9envying【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们禁不住羡慕他们的工资和生活方式。短语cant help doing sth.，后跟动名词作宾语。故填envying。10sank【详解】考查时态。句意：听到他将被审判的坏消息，他的心沉了下去。此处在主句中作谓语，由句意可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，

26、此处应用动词过去式，故填sank。11motivation【详解】考查名词。句意：逃避是旅游的一大动机。空处应填名词作表语，motivation动机，可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式。故填motivation。12of【详解】考查介词。句意：由于你们的努力工作，我们能提前完成任务。ahead of schedule固定搭配，意为“提前”，故填of。13to answer【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有些问题我不熟悉，但很容易回答。be + 形容词 + to do。根据句意，故填to answer。14into【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：在一个陌生的城市里，没有朋友，没有钱，他陷入了绝望

27、。fall into意为“陷入”，为固定搭配。根据“Alone in a strange city, without friends and money”可知，fall into符合语境。故填into。15losing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，我决心减肥，保持身材。短语commit oneself to doing sth.，表示“致力于做”，动名词作宾语。故填losing。16To【详解】考查固定结构。句意：使我宽慰的是，我们的探险有一个圆满的结局我们终于到达了目的地。“to ones +名词”是常用搭配，意思是“使某人的是”，其中名词多是表示人的情绪的名词，如surprise

28、, excitement, joy, delight, disappointment等。此处“to my relief”意为“使我宽慰的是”。故填To。17about【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：现在，消费者越来越热衷于移动支付，而不是现金支付。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配，意为“对感兴趣，热衷于”。故填about。18to handle【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：依我看，应该指派有经验的顾问去处理这个棘手的问题。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。结合句意空处为其被动形式sb. be assigned to do sth.。故填to ha

29、ndle。19himself【详解】考查反身代词。句意：当他的妻子死于车祸的消息传来时，他陷入了深深的绝望。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要反身代词作宾语，abandon oneself to sth.是常用搭配，意为“陷入/沉湎于某种情感”。故填himself。20recreation【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰唯一的消遣活动是画画。他学画画已经很多年了。Johns only 后接名词，作主语，应用recreation，意为“娱乐活动”，为可数名词，由only可知，应用单数。故recreation。21barking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此刻他能听见她的狗在远处吠叫。hear+宾语+

30、宾补，表示“听到”，狗和叫是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动，作宾语补足语。故填barking。22to have【详解】考查不定式。句意：经理已安排我们下午开会。根据句意和空格前的arrange for us以及所给动词have分析句子可知，此处是考查动词arrange的用法arrange for somebody to do something（安排某人做某事）。故填to have。 23was assigned【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：大学毕业后，他被分配到外交部工作。主语和谓语“分配”，描述过去的事情是一般过去时，是被动关系，故填was assigned。24application【

31、详解】考查名词。句意：如果您能批准我的申请并通知我面试，我将不胜感激。作动词approve的宾语，应用名词application。故填application。25guidance【详解】考查名词。句意：制导系统失灵了，他必须请专业人士来修理。分析句子可知，此处应用名词guidance作system的定语，表示用途。故填guidance。26roughly【详解】考查副词。句意：几天后，你会形成一种大约在同一时间上床并立即睡着的模式。此处roughly意为“大约”，作程度状语。故填roughly。27cruel【详解】考查形容词。句意：有时，非严格素食主义者可能会觉得不舒服，害怕他们的严格素食主

32、义者朋友会认为他们吃动物或动物产品是残忍的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作表语，应是形容词。“cruelty”，名词，意为“残忍，残酷”，其形容词为“cruel(残忍的，残酷的)”。故填cruel。28in【详解】考查固定短语。句意：Jane作为一名教育者已经工作了多年，她在教学方面很有经验。be experienced in意为“在方面有经验”，为固定搭配，符合句意和语境。故填in。29to【详解】考查介词。句意：我们已经向一个慈善机构申请给这个项目拨款。apply to sb./sth. for sth.为固定用法，意为“向申请”。故填to。30 enthusiastic enthusiasm

33、 enthusiastically【详解】考查形容词，名词和副词。句意：今天，我对我的工作和第一天一样充满热情，我的热情使我能够热情地对待我的工作。第一个空处为形容词做表语，在as.as.中间应用形容词原级，第二个空在形容词物主代词后，应用名词形式做主语，第三个空修饰动词短语treat my job，应用副词作状语，故填enthusiastic；enthusiasm；enthusiastically。31reducing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为个人，我们也可以致力于减少对环境的碳足迹。分析句子结构，空白处前面的to为介词，因此空白处填动名词，故填reducing。32belongin

34、gs【详解】考查名词。句意：他让我少带些东西，因为我们的车里已经没有多少地方了。根据句意以及空前的fewer形容词可知，此处为复数名词belongings“物品，所有物”，满足句意要求。故填belongings。33to pick【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我已安排汤姆到机场去接专家们。短语arrange for sb. to do sth.表示“安排某人做某事”。故填to pick。34perseverance【详解】考查名词。句意：凭着信念和毅力，古道尔终于克服了所有的困难。空处和faith并列，需填名词作介词with的宾语，perseverance意为“毅力”，是不可数名词。故填per

35、severance。35has been playing【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个上午都在泥里玩。根据句意和所给动词play分析句子可知，空格处是原因状语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般现在时和后面的时间状语all the morning可知，原因状语从句应该用现在完成进行时；根据主语he可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been playing。 36aboard【详解】考查副词。句意：飞机上的所有乘客，我们马上就要着陆了。请系好安全带。根据汉语提示可知应填副词aboard，作后置定语，修饰people，故填aboard。37genuin

36、e【详解】考查形容词。句意：他真诚地试图改善条件。根据句意和所给汉语提示以及空格后的名词attempt分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，修饰后面的attempt，且意义为“真心的”，所以应该用形容词genuine。故填genuine。38decent【详解】考查形容词。句意：我想将来找一份体面、悠闲、薪水高的工作。根据汉语提示可知，decent体面的，形容词，在句中和形容词leisurable并列作定语，修饰名词job，故填decent。39crew【详解】考查名词。句意：航天飞机机组人员的任务基本结束了。空前有the，空格处用名词，“全体乘务人员”是crew，是集合名词，故填cr

37、ew。40thorough【详解】考查形容词。句意：我身体有问题，必须去医院做全面检查。根据汉语提示可知，thorough全面的，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词examination。故填thorough。41recreation【详解】考查名词。句意：我们总是忙于工作，每周只打一次篮球消遣。根据汉语提示“消遣”，以及句子结构可知此处需要名词recreation充当介词for的宾语，表示“娱乐，消遣”是不可数名词。故填recreation。42guidance【详解】考查名词。句意：这是年轻人在专业教练指导下提高成绩的好机会。“指导”作介词宾语，应用名词guidance；under the gu

38、idance of.“在的指引下”。故填guidance。43candidate【详解】考查名词。句意：不符合这些要求的应试者不能被这所大学录取。根据汉语提示可知，candidate应试者，投考者，可数名词，由was可知应用名词单数作主语。故填candidate。44Confucianism【详解】考查名词。句意：正如儒家所说:“言而有信，行而有信。”“儒家”应用名词Confucianism作主语，为不可数名词，且为专有名词，首字母大写，故填Confucianism。45episode【详解】考查名词。句意：她决定尽量忘掉在湖边发生的那件事。根据汉语提示可知应填名词episode，作宾语。故填

39、episode。46Although/Though 47months 48to cross 49himself 50thinner 51have lost 52taking 53Luckily 54of 55an【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述美国探险家Colin O Brady独自横跨南极的经历。46考查状语从句。句意：尽管它的景色令人惊叹，但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠。根据语境可知，句子表示“尽管它的景色令人惊叹，但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠”，空格处意为“尽管”，用although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Although/Though。47考查名词的

40、复数。句意：三个月前，他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。空前有Three，空格处用复数，故填months。48考查不定式。句意：三个月前，他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。此处名词person被序数词the first修饰，后用不定式作定语。故填to cross。49考查反身代词。句意：他必须把自己逼到极限。主语是He，和宾语一致，所以要用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。50考查比较级。句意：但即使有足够的食物，六周后，奥布雷迪开始变得越来越瘦和虚弱。由空后的and weaker可知应该用比较级，指“与六周之前相比他的身体更瘦、更弱了”。故填thinner。51考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到

41、目前为止，我已经瘦了一吨。由句中的so far可知，时态应该用现在完成时，主语是I，因此空格处是have lost。故填have lost。52考查非谓语动词。句意：两人一起出发了，Brady一开始就领先。空格处是with复合结构，Brady和take之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故填taking。53考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他做到了，比Louis早到达了终点。空格处用副词luckily作状语，修饰for him，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Luckily。54考查介词。句意：O Brady认为他的血液里流淌着探索的精神。the spirit of exploration意为“探索精神”，因此空格处用介词of。故填of。55考查冠词。句意：他是一名运动员，热爱运动。athlete是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，athlete是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。