Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇讲解 配套习题【新教材】牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册.docx

1、1. intendintention n. 意图；目的；企图intend vt. 打算；意欲intended adj. 有意的intention n. U,C意图;目的;企图Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans.尽管他研究克隆技术,但他的目的从来都不是制造人类的复制品。have no intention to do sth./of doing sth. 无意做某事with the intention of 抱有目的；打算without intention 无

2、意中；不是故意地by intention 故意地intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事be intended for 专为设计had intended to do sth./intended to have done 本打算做某事自测默写【温馨贴士】intend，hope，expect，mean，plan，suppose，want等表示“打算”，“希望”，“预料”；“计划”，“想”的动词，它们的“过去完成时动词不定式” “一般过去时完成时不定式”，意为“原本打算/ 希望/想”。【即时训练】. 语境串词(1)I never _ things to turn out the w

3、ay they did and I had left with the _ of finding a better job for her.(intend). 语法填空(2)Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasnt intended him.(3)I intended (join) in a Dragon Boat Training Camp.(4)The law (intend)to protect young and impressionable viewers.(5)Peter _(intend)to take a job in

4、 business, but gave up.(同义句转换)(6)Peter intended a job in business, but gave up.【参考答案】 (1)intended intenyion (2)for(3)to join/joining(4)is intended (5)had intended (6)to have taken2. refer torefer v. 提及；参照reference n. 提及；参考文献refer to 涉及；谈及；查阅，参考 1. refer to 谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考【原文再现】I am pleased to hav

5、e this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN这个名称更常用。（1）refer to.as 把称为refer sth./sb. to sth./sb. 将送交给(以求获得帮助等)(征询意见)(2) reference n. 提及；查阅，参考；推荐信；介绍人in/with reference to (所述内容)关于自测默写【温馨贴士】“查词典”的表达方式还有：refer to a dic

6、tionary; look sth.up in the dictionary。【即时训练】语法填空(1) I am writing to you _ reference to the job opening in your department.(2) When you need to remember a phone number, a shopping list or a set of instructions, you rely on what psychologists and neuroscientists refer to _ working memory. (3) Ask you

7、r teacher to act as one of your _(refer) if you want to join the club.(4) My complaint was _(refer) to the manufacturers.(5) In his speech, the Canadian version of Thanksgiving he referred to _(prove) to us that it is often seen as a time to simply relax and eat good food.【参考答案】(1)in/with (2)as (3)r

8、eferences (4)referred (5)proved2. speedspeed up 加速;加快 speed up 加速;加快Newsflash: A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up travel between the two cities.新闻快讯:在北京和大连之间刚刚开通了一项新的列车服务,这加速了两个城市之间的旅行。 自测默写at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速at a speed of以速度pick up spee

9、d/gather speed加速slow down减速with all speed尽快地at/with lightning speed以闪电般的速度【即时训练】完成句子（1）（2020年全国卷I）他们将加快能源生产。They will energy production.（2）（2016年浙江卷）突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进时。A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling.（3）（新概念四第43课时）无线电波也以光速传播。Radio waves

10、also travel .【参考答案】（1）speed up（2）at high speed（3）at the speed of light 3. pay off pay off 还清(债务);回报,成功;付清工资后解雇(某人)All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off!我作为探险家的多年训练终于获得了回报!归纳拓展pay back偿还,报复pay for付款pay up总算付清全部欠款pay in cash用现金支付pay a visit to 参观;拜访pay attention to注意;留心自测默写【即时训

11、练】单句语法填空1. (2018全国卷III) Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay _ her holiday due to illness.2. (2017浙江卷) We bought one on the Internet actually. But could you pay us _.3. (2017北京卷) Hannah still has the norm

12、al life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits _ homeless people. 4. (2017天津卷) Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired, not _ (pay) attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. 【参考答案】 1. for2. back3. to4. paying 4. benefit vt. & vi. 使受益;得益于 n.

13、益处;救济金;资金beneficial adj. 有益的【同】profit v. 有益于；获利 n. 利润；利益 benefit vt. & vi. 使受益;得益于 n. 益处;救济金;奖金【原文再现】(P3L38)All of these ads are meant to benefit the public, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give.所有这些广告旨在使公众受益,而且通过遵循它们提供的建议,你往往就能学到很多东西。归纳拓展benefit from从中获益be of benefit to.对

14、有益for ones benefit/for the benefit of sb.为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益beneficial adj. 有益的be beneficial to对有益自测默写【即时训练】I. 语境填词The suggestions from your teacher is surely of great _, from which you will _ a lot. If I were you, I would follow whatever is _ to my growth. (benefit)【参考答案】benefit; benefit; beneficialII.

15、单句语法填空1. (2019天津卷) The author benefited _ his experience in the debate club. 2. It is _ (benefit) to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.3. (2019北京卷) The students _ (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full ad

16、vantage of the colleges chances and resources.【参考答案】 1. from2. beneficial3. benefiting5. Surroundsurround vt. 围绕,环绕surrounding n. 环绕物 adj. 四周的,环绕的surroundings n. 环境，周围的事物surround vt. 围绕,环绕【原文再现】(P18L2)To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.对某些人来说,幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。 surround.wit

17、h.使包围be surrounded by/with.被包围surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境,周围的事物自测默写【即时训练】语法填空(1) The (surround)villages have been absorbed by the growing city.(2)(2019北京高考书面表达)Ill show you around the Great Wall, for Im familiar with the _(surround) there.(3)He tried to run away but gave up when he found

18、himself (surround).(4) My hometown is a beautiful village, which (surround)by green mountains and clear water.(5)(2019江苏)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _(surround) by his family.【参考答案】 (1)surrounding(2)surroundings(3)surrounded (4)is surrounded(5）surrounded6.favour*favour n. 赞同；支持；恩惠；偏袒 v.

19、赞成；偏爱；有利于，有助于favourable adj. 赞同的；支持的；讨人喜爱的 favour n帮助；喜爱；恩惠；赞同，支持vt.喜爱；偏袒Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature?有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗?ask sb. a favour(ask a favour of sb.) 求某人帮一个忙do a favour for sb.(do sb. a favour) 帮某人一个忙owe sb. a favour欠某人的人情in favour of 赞成，支持；主张in o

20、nes favour 对某人有利favourable adj. 有利的；赞许的；给人好印象的自测默写【即时训练】. 语法填空(1)When circumstances are _ (favour), we must not forget that there will still be difficulties. (2)He hoped the judgment would be _ his favour.(3)Would you do me the favour _(open) the window?. 句型转换(4)Most of them were for my opinion whil

21、e David was against it.Most of them were _ my opinion while David was against it.(5)Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour.1Now I wonder whether you could .2Now I wonder whether I could .【参考答案】(1)favourable (2)in (3)to open (4) in favor of (5)1 do a favor for me 2 ask you a favor7. charge n.

22、负责,掌管 vt. 使承担责任;收费chargeable adj.应支付的,可控诉的8. involve 参与9. credit 信誉10.apply 应用*apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用,应用applied adj. 应用的application n. 申请(书);应用applicant n. 申请人，应聘人apply vi. 申请; vt. 使用,应用In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. 1998年他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。归纳拓展a

23、pply sth. to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于apply to适用于;申请apply to.for.向申请apply oneself to (=be applied to) 致力于/集中精力于application n. 应用;申请;敷用applicant n. 申请人自测默写【即时训练】I. 语境串词Interested in this subject, he _ to join the research team. Unfortunately, though the promised he would _ himself to this research, his _ was re

24、jected, as there was another _ who was more qualified for the research. (apply)【参考答案】applied; apply; application; applicant II. 单句语法填空1. (2019上海卷) The Online registration feature does not apply _ evaluation registration.2. (2019全国卷I) You could apply _ (be) a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on loca

25、l natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.3. (2019天津卷) However, technology is also the _ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways. 4. (2018浙江卷11月) it can also be pricey if the schools you are _ (apply) to happen to be more than a ca

26、r ride away.5. (朗文当代高级英语词典) He was one of 30 _ (apply) for the managers job.【参考答案】 1. to 2. to be3. application4. applying5. applicants11. Permit * permission n. 准许；许可permit vt. 准许；许可permission n. 准许;许可;批准【原文再现】(P59L26)Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated

27、to give permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.既然没有人确切知道转基因食品是否安全,对于生产转基因食品,很多国家都犹豫不决,因为对于这项新技术,他们宁愿小心谨慎。permit v. 允许；许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照permit sb. to do. 允许某人做permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb. sth. 允许某人做某事apply for a permit 申请许可证ask for per

28、mission 请求许可without permission 未经许可Weather/Time permitting,. 天气/时间允许,自测默写【即时训练】. 语境串词(1)We need to ask our parents for _ before we start the hike. If they dont _ us to take a journey, we must wait for another time. And by the way, if you want to camp in the park during the hike, youd better apply to

29、 some department concerned for a _.(permit). 语法填空(2) The owners dont permit _(park) cars in front of the shops.(3) Without _(permit), you cant take the materials away.(4) Passengers are permitted _(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(5) I need to call my Dad and ask _ permission be

30、fore we go out.【参考答案】(1)permission permit permit (2)parking (3)permission/being permitted (4)to carry (5)for12. Responsibilityresponsibility n. 责任；职责 responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责的 irresponsible adj.不负责任的 responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsiblities and on

31、ly worrying about money. 他们想到贪婪的商人逃避他们的责任，只想到钱。have the responsibility to do 有责任/有义务做bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承担对的责任，为负责hide from ones responsibility 逃避责任a sense of responsibility 责任感responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的be responsible for 应对负责；对有责任自测默写【即时训练】. 语境串词(1)Mr Black is the manager of the

32、 project. He is _ for the whole project. If anything goes wrong, he will take _ for it. (responsible). 完成句子(2)As a manager, you should _for personnel.作为经理，你应该对职员全面负责。(3)He has _.他丝毫没有责任感。(4)Parents _their childrens safety.父母应该对孩子的安全负责。【参考答案】(1)responsible responsibility (2)take over all responsibility (3)no sense of responsibility (4)are responsible for