Unit1 Grammar -【帮课堂】2023-2024学年高二英语同步学与练（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）.docx

1、第2讲 选择性必修二Unit1 Grammar目标任务课程标准学习目标围绕人与社会的主题语境，依托语篇，通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。1在语篇中观察、探究语法现象，自主归纳语法规则，并在新的语境和活动中正确使用语法。2通过训练与本单元语法相关的练习加强学生的英语运用意识。02预习导学（一）课前阅读：本单元的语法是过去完成时：The Past Perfect TenseBelow is the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer（约瑟夫普利策）. Find the sentences that use the past perfect tens

2、e.（黄色标注部分）Joseph Pulitzer was born on April 10, 1847, in Hungary. He moved to America and became an American citizen in the 1860s. He had a number of different jobs after he moved to America. He regularly visited the library and studied English and lawby then he had learned very little English. Whil

3、e in the library one day, he began chatting to two editors of a German-language newspaper. They offered him a job. Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher. In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch. Pulitzer worked tirelessly

4、, from early in the morning until midnight. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. Sales of the newspaper shot up. In 1883, Pulitzer bought the New York World. He used the same business

5、strategy he had employed at the StLouis Post-Dispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the bestselling newspaper in the country. Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists at university level. In 1892, he offered Columbia University money to start a school of jo

6、urnalism. Of this decision he said, “I am deeply interested in the progress and elevation of journalism . regarding it as a noble profession and one of unequaled importance for its influence upon the minds and morals of the people.” Pulitzer died in 1911. One year after his death, the Columbia Schoo

7、l of Journalism was established. Six years after his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded.Zou Taofen（邹韬奋）was a famous Chinese journalist and publisher. Read the timeline below and describe his life story using the past perfect tense.Example：By the time he was 31, Zou Taofen had become the c

8、hief editor of Life Weekly._（二）基础梳理1. 结构: S+had done/had been done2. 用法The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past,the past perfect tense is used.Examples:By the end of last year, I _had taught_ (teach) for 15 years.When I came ba

9、ck home,my favorite TV program _had ended_ (end)He was not worried at all. He _had made_ (make) preparations. The past perfect tense used in indirect speech Here the past action didnt happen a long time ago. used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until,by, for and alread

10、y How do you know you will use the past tense or the past perfect tense? How do you know you will use the past tense or the past perfect tense?3.对比现在完成时和过去完成时 The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. Howard Carter is one of the most

11、famous explorers the world has ever known. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. Not long after the tomb had been opened,people in Carters team began to fall ill and die strangely.4. 总结一、主语+过去完成时 + when引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式)+ by短语+

12、by the time引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）+ before引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）例如二、特殊句式1. 主语+had+hardly(scarcely)+过去分词+when(before)+主语十一般过去时。2. 主语+had+no sooner+过去分词+than十主语十一般过去时三、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。四、 表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。常用动词：hope,think, expect,intend,mean,suppose,want等。例如：They had wanted to help but couldnt get

13、here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。五、It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。（三）预习作业1. 预习本单元Integrated skills &Extended reading&Project部分的重点词汇和短语2. 熟读这部分出现的文章03探究提升环节一 变：单项选择1. The pen I _ I_ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lostB. thought; had lostC. think; had lostD. thought; have lost2. H kept looking

14、at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. sawB.has seen C. sees D.had seen3. - George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding? Did they have a big wedding?- No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite4

15、. On arriving home the girl _ that she _ her bag at her friends, which _all her school books.A. discovered; left; contained B.discovered; had left; contained C. discovered; left; had contained D. had discovered; had left; contained5. The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_ visiting a muse

16、um when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be6. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waitingC. had waited D. would wait7. - You cant spell such simple English words!- Well, you see, I _ a single Engli

17、sh word for many years.A. havent been spelt B. didnt spellC. wasnt spelt D. havent spelt8. My dictionary_. I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent foundD. is missing; havent found9. Hardly _ the room _ she left.A. had I entere

18、d; than B. I had entered; whenC. had I entered; when D. did I enter; when【答案】BDCBA BDDC环节二 变：单句语法填空1、We _ (meet) before you moved to Los Angeles.2、When I got to the office, they _ (leave).3、By the time the spring came, the flowers _ (bloom).4、I was able to pass the exam since I _ (study) regularly.5

19、、The movie _ (already start) when we arrived there.6、Before she traveled to Lisbon, she _ (reserve) the hotel room.7、I _ (have) my lunch when they offered to eat out.8、I didnt realize that I _ (lose) my keys until I arrived home.9、I noticed that I _ (forget) to take my passport with me before I left

20、 home.10、I was able to understand her as I _ (know) Lea for more than ten years.11、When the police came, the thieves _ (already escape).12、By the time you understood the problem I _ (find) the solution.13、He was fired because he _ (give away) some documents.14、I knew what to do because I _ (experien

21、ce) it before.15、By the late sixteenth century, American silver _ (account) for one-fifth of Spains total budget.【答案】1、 had met 2、had left 3、had bloomed 4、had studied 5、 had already started 6、had reserved 7、had had 8、had lost 9、 had forgotten 10、had known 11、had already escaped 12、had found 13、had g

22、iven away 14、had experienced 15、had accounted环节三 变：用过去完成时完成句子1. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。_【答案】By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.2. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。_【答案】He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.3. 我醒来时雨已停了。_【答案】When I woke up,it had already stopped rain

23、ing.。4. 我们本来希望能来看看你。_【答案】We had hoped to be able to come and see you.5. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。_【答案】Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.6. 他刚到就又走了。_【答案】No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.04体系构建 过去完成时的定义和结构过去完成时 过去完成时的句式和特殊考点现在完成时和过去完成时对比05记忆清单一、过去完成时的时间标志词when从句/by+短

24、语/ by the time从句/ before从句二、过去完成时的特殊句式1. 主语+had+hardly(scarcely)+过去分词+when(before)+主语十一般过去时。2. 主语+had+no sooner+过去分词+than十主语十一般过去时三、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。常用动词：hope,think, expect,intend,mean,suppose,want等。0601强化训练一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As a huge art fan, I knew exactly what I was lookin

25、g forward to most about my trip to Paris: visiting the Muse dOrsay. 56 (house) in an old railway building, this world-famous art museum features some of the best-known paintings from the Impressionist movement of the 19th century.As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery, I 57 (appreciate) mas

26、terpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players. Even though I had admired them hundreds of times on my computer screen, 58 could have prepared me for the wonder I felt when I finally laid eyes on the real thing. While it was hard 59 (pick) a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the

27、 artists who made the deepest 60 (impress) on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters, Claude Mone Pierre-Auguste Renoir.I could see from Monets works that he was 61 (great) inspired by nature. In the last three decades of his life he painted mostly scenes from his garden. One of these sc

28、enes 62 (show) in the famous piece Blue Water Lilies, 63 I studied for quite a while in the gallery. I couldnt believe it when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all 64 different colores and styles. It is 65 (amaze) that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he br

29、ought the ponds beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 【答案】56 Housed 57 appreciated 58 nothing 59 to pick 60 impression 61 greatly 62 is shown 63 which 64 in 65 amazing 二、阅读理解A“The world feels anxious and divided, and Facebook has a lot of work to do whether its protecting our community from abuse an

30、d hate, defending against interference by nation states, or making sure that time spent on Facebook is well spent,Zuckerberg wrote on Facebook in January.If the tech firm succeeded, Facebook would end 2018 on a much better path. But the cracks in Zuckerbergs social media empire only grew as scandals

31、 (丑闻）about data misuse, security and even Facebooks leadership piled up.The social network has faced criticism many times since launching 14 years ago, but the public uproar reached new heights in 2018. Facebooks missteps, even as it tried to fix its problems, were yet another reminder of what happe

32、ns when a company grows rapidly with little oversight (监管）. They also set the stage for another showdown between the tech powerhouse and lawmakers who have their own ideas on how to manage a platform used by 2.3 billion people every month.“I think theres just a general growing consensus from both pa

33、rties in Congress that self-policing is not going to work,55 Democratic senator Mark Warner of Virginia said in aninterview. Facebook pointed to a series of notes Zuckerberg published this year outlining what the tech firm has done to combat (战斗，争论）election meddling (好干预的)，as well as hate speech,mis

34、information and other offensive content. The social network pulled down more than 1.5 billion fake accounts, launched a database of political ads and announced the creation of a Supreme Court-like independent body to oversee content appeals.But in many ways, Zuckerberg fell short of his New Years re

35、solution(决议).UN investigators said Facebook played a role in spreading hate speech that fueled ethnic cleansing (清洗）in Myanmar. Media outlets found loopholes(漏洞）and errors in Facebooks political ads database. Users questioned whether they should delete Facebook after learning that Cambridge Analytic

36、 a UK political consulting firm with ties to Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign, gathered data on as many as 87 million Facebook users without their permission.In short, Facebooks problems ballooned out of the companys control.“They created a platform where sharing was mindlessly easy and inter

37、acting with each otherrequired almost no forethought at all,” said Woodrow Hertzog, a law and computer science professor at Northeastern University. “As a result, there was massive sharing, including leaking of personal information that put lots of people at risk.”1. What can be inferred about Faceb

38、ook from the passage?A. It is a platform where people can easily share well-selected information.B. It is a social network that has faced criticism because of data misuses from Zuckerberg.C. It is a social network which grows rapidly without enough management from the government.D. It is a popular a

39、pp that 2.3 billion people use for information and communication every day.2. The underlined word “uproar” in Paragraph 3 has the similar meaning to “_”.A. crackB. criticismC. disagreementD. argument3. What is the best title of this passage?A. A tough challenge for Facebook B. Zuckerbergs new year r

40、esolutionC. Criticism of Facebook for misusing D. A dark future for FacebookBCaptain America and Blackpanther were about to defend Earth from the criminal Thanes when Kevin Foley first noticed something was wrong. Foley, a 46-year-old information-technology worker from Kyle, Texas, was heading into

41、the theater to see Avengers: Infinity War when he realized he was having trouble breathing normally. The same symptom struck again during another movie the following night, but more severe this time. Once the cast on the second film rolled, Foley took action: he looked at his wristwatch. It was a bi

42、gger step than you might imagine, because Foley was wearing an Apple Watch equipped with medical sensors and experimental software to track basic functions of his heart. And the watch was worried. It had, according to the display, detected signs of an irregular heartbeat.Before long, Foley was in an

43、 emergency room, where doctors hooked him up to an ECG (心电 图)，which showed that he was in atrial fibrillation (心房颤动)，an irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots (血栓), stroke and other potentially disastrous diseases. Foley spent the next few days in the hospital while doctors worked to retur

44、n him to a normal heart rhythm 一 eventually turning to a procedure called electrical cardioversion to shock his heart back to normal. Foley is doing fine now. But he believes that, if not for the warning on his watch, he might not have sought help in time. i would have never known,” he says.Foley an

45、d his watch were part of an experiment run by Apple and Stanfords medical school. But beginning Dec. 6, anyone can get an on-the-fly heart checkup, assuming theyve paid $399 ormore for an Apple Watch. Thats when Apple will launch a software update that turns its latest model, called the Series 4, in

46、to a personal ECG, thanks to an innovative new sensor. Though complicated than hospital ECG machines, the watch version can still provide basic information and warnings of potential risks worthy of a closer look by a medical professional.For Apple, this new ECG-on-your-wrist is its biggest bet yet t

47、hat personal technologyinevitably include personal health. Along with competitors, Apple has already offered fitness functions, such as apps to track the steps youve walked. But with the new ECG scan, Apple is moving straight into aspects of health, a distinction underlined by the fact it sought -an

48、d received-Food and Drug Administration clearance for the heart monitor.4. Whats the function of the story of Foley in Paragraphs 1 and 2?A. To arouse the readers interest.B. To raise a common problem. C. To lead the readers to the topic. D. To guide the readers to do first aid.5. How can Foleys wri

49、stwatch detect signs of an irregular heartbeat?A. By being equipped with an innovative new medical sensor.B. By being hooked straight up to an EGG in an emergency room.C. By being paid not less than $399 for the latest Apple Watch.D. By being accessible to Food and Drug Administration clearance for

50、the heart monitor.6. According to the passage, if someone wants to get an on-the-fly heart checkup, he or she _.A. can equip himself / herself with an ECG machineB. can purchase an Apple Watch of any modelC. can buy a new Apple Watch Series 4D. can have his or her old Apple Watch updated7. The purpo

51、se of the passage is to_.A. advertise and promote a new kind of Apple watchB. inform us of a new function of the latest Apple WatchC. tell us a lucky story of Foley being saved by his new Apple WatchD. warn us of the danger of not being equipped with the latest Apple Watch【答案】1-3 CBA 4-7 CACB 三、阅读下面

52、材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。“ I dont want to go.” Gina moved her feet slightly and hung her shoulders.Mom continued packing a bag. “Were going to Uncle Richs in Montana for summer vacation. Hes Dads brother, and we go every year.”Gina stormed out of her moms room. “Nobody ever thinks of me.”“Th

53、at s enough. We re going, replied Mom angrily.Their August vacation came sooner than Gina wanted. Before she knew it, she and the family were at Uncle Richs ranch (牧场).Uncle Rich grabbed her dad and hugged him. “Good to see you, said Uncle Rich. Ginas brother and sister were twins and two years youn

54、ger, so they didnt t realize what an inconvenience and bore being on a ranch was. They raced to see animals. Gina grabbed her bag. I m going to my room, she told her parents. “Wait a minute, Gina, said Uncle Rich. Ive got something to show you. You come too, he said to Ginas parents.At the pen, Gina

55、 saw the horse.It was of medium size. It had a fine, soft black coat and one white foot. There was a wide white patch (斑纹) that ran down the center of its face.Gina fell in love with it at first sight. “Wow! What a horse.” “He s a mustang,” said Uncle Rich. Mustangs are free horses who live in the w

56、ild. We found him stuck in the mud down by the river.I didnt know how he got there. M friend and I roped him and managed to get him out. This mustang is a beauty.Gina kicked the dirt. “Can I help care for him?”Uncle Rick laughed. “You bet. The more hands we have the better. Just dont get too attache

57、d. Once were sure hes Okay, well let him loose. Mustangs went from over a million at the beginning of the 20th century to less than 17,000 in 1970. They were hunted for meat.”注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答Gina felt her stomach turn. _She was back in a flash. _【答案】Gina felt her stomach turn. “T

58、hats terrible. How could someone be so cruel to these adorable animals? Some actions should be taken to protect them,” Gina said. “Dont worry too much. Its better now,” said Uncle Rich. “The government came to the rescue. There are around 50,000 now.” Hearing this,Gina breathed a sigh of relief. And

59、 still holding her bag, Gina raced to her room. She kicked off her sneakers and pulled on the boots that Uncle Rich had prepared for her.She was back in a flash. She went to the fence and stepped on it.The mustang walked over to her slowly. Gina put her hand on his forehead. The mustang gently shook his head and then ran away from her. At that moment, Gina was determined to learn how to care for sick large animals in college.Moreover, she was now glad she had come to the ranch. She was sure she would have an unforgettable vacation.