Unit6Grammar（可数名词和不可数名词）讲解 练习2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语七年级上册.docx

1、7AU6Grammar(可数名词和不可数名词)名词一、名词概述：名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词。 名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等。二、名词的分类：专有名词：表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有名称的词。如：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等。专有名词第一个字母要大写。如：* Lucy * China * the Summer Palace 个体名词 可数名词 普通名词： (有单复数之分) 集体名词 物质名词：自然物质，食品 ，饮料等 不可数名词 （没有复数形式） 抽象名词：情感，学科，概念等 三、名词的数：即可数名词与不可数名词。、可数名

2、词的数：可数名词表示人、事物、地点等的名称，有单数和复数两种形式之分。、可数名词的单数形式一般可用a /an来修饰。a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，如： a pen / a desk/ a “U”-etc.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前，如： an apple / an interesting story,-etc.如：_ useful book_hour/honest boy_uncle/aunt/umbrella_ unhappy boy/unusual story _ US ship _ hourThere is _ u and _ s in the word “use”._ old

3、bike_ tall tree_ orange coat_ big applehalf _ hour_English book_ American boya “B/C/D/G/J/K/P/Q/T/U/V/W/Y/Z” an “A/E/F/H/I/L/M/N/O/R/S/X” 如：There is _ “f” and _ “v” in the word “five”.There is _ “l” and _ “m” in the word “seldom”.、可数名词的复数形式。一、）名词变复数的规则变化： 1.一般在单数名词后加“s”,其读音规则是在清辅音后读s，在元音和浊辅音后读z。如:ma

4、pmaps， boyboys.附： 清辅音: /p/ /t / /k/ /f/ / /s/ /h/ /ts/ /t/ /tr/浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /r/dz/d/ /dr/m/n/j / / w / /2.在以s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词后面加es，其读音为iz。如：busbuses, box boxes, *watch watches, wish-wishes (stomachs例外)3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作/iz/.如：factoryfactories, countrycountries, 注意：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的

5、名词则只须加“s”. 如：* boy boys, * monkey monkeys 4.以o结尾的名词加“s” 读作/z/. * radio radios * zoo zoos 只有hero, mango, potato, tomato加“es”构成复数.negro-negroes; hero-heroes; mango- mangoes; potato potatoes tomato tomatoes 黑人英雄爱吃芒果、土豆和西红柿。5.以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”, 读作/vz/ * half halves * leaf leaves * wife-wives， *

6、knife knives * wolf-wolves， * shelf shelves * thief-thieves， self-selves * life-lives半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃己命忙。* wife-wives， *knife knives * wolf-wolves，* thief-thieves，* shelf shelvesself-selves * life-lives * half halves * leaf leaves 妻子拿刀去杀狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。二、）名词变复数的不规则变化： 1、单复数同形: Chinese

7、Chinese JapaneseJapanese Swiss-Swiss sheepsheep deer-deer； fish fish 中日瑞士人民爱护羊，鹿鱼单复都一样。2、变元音字母oo为ee : tooth teeth; foot feet; goose-geese3、变man为 men: man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen (walkmans; Germans; humans例外)4、其它形式: childchildren； mousemice 5、复合名词复数形式: (1)将中心词变为复数: gir

8、lfriend girlfriends; grandchild grandchildren father-in-law/ fathers-in-law, passer-by/passers-by(2) man, woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数。 a man doctor men doctors; a woman teacher women teachers (3)sports, clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop(4)常以复数形式出现的名词: people; clothes; police; trousers;

9、glasses等，这些名词做主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数。* My clothes are newer than yours. * The police often come here.(5)汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形式，但要用斜体。yuan/RMBetc、不可数名词的数：物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 1、不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。不可数名词无复数，做主语时常看成单数。 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good

10、news. 2、表示方法：“数词或冠词+量词（单数或复数）+of+不可数名词”，单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数。There is a piece of paper in the book. *Three glasses of orange are on the desk. 注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数。 * There are two bags of clothes over there. * We have five boxes of apples.3、有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同。 (1) glass(玻璃)

11、 a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸) a paper(报纸) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空间) a room(房间)(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼) hair(所有头发) hairs (几根头发) time(时间) times(时代)、巧分可数名词和不可数名词。物体分几半，名字不改变，不可数名词记心间；（paper ,milk ,water ,meat） 物体分几半，名字就改变，可数名词记心间。 （car ,radio ,bed ,man） 可数名词(1) 可以计数的名词。 (2) 可以用冠词a, a

12、n限定,表示一个。(3) 可以用one, two, three限定。 (4) 有复数形式。不可数名词(1)是指不能计数的名词。(2)不可以用a , an限定。(3)不可以用one, two, three限定。(4)没有复数形式。(5)计量用数字+量词+of+不可数名词的结构。 a glass of juice, two kilos of meat(三)名词作定语修饰名词：1.) a computer room; a school hall; an art room; an apple tree 2.) three computer rooms; four school halls; five

13、art rooms; six apple trees3.) a man doctor six men doctors a woman teacher eight women teachers 4.)sports, clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop巩固练习（Exercises）：一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1.match_ 2.fish_ 3. month_ 4. box _ 5. library _ 6.story _ 7. radio _ 8. foot _ 9. woman _ 10. baby _11.bus_12.ba

14、g_13.half_14.family_15.photo_ 16.tooth_17.player_18.kilo_19.day_ 20.wife_21.potato_22.child_23.watch_ 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.We should try to keep _(diary) every day.2. He eats some _(piece) of bread for breakfast.3.There are some _(glass) on the table.4.Are there any _(tomato) in the basket?5.He buys two

15、 _(kilo) of pork in the market. 6.Millie cuts the apple into two _(half).7.Are they all _(China)?8.How much _(salt) do you need?9.Different people may have different _. (idea)10. I often go to work on . (foot)11. I know one of the . (boy)12.Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)13.Please give them

16、 their . (photo)14.Are there any in the box? (watch)15.There are twelve in a year. (month)16.Would you like some ? (tomato)17.Look at those in the boats! (people)18. Look! The are singing. (woman)19.September 10th is Day. (teacher)20.Jim has some . (knife)21. How much are these ? (vegetable)22.My sc

17、hool is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 23.The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy)24.There are some _ (tomato) in the basket.25.They are from different _ (country).26.I often drink some _ (milk) and eat some _ (vegetable) for breakfast.27.I watch TV for about 30 _ (minute).28.There _(be) s

18、ome bread and apples in the basket.29.There _(be) some toys and a piano in the room.30.The food in that restaurant _(taste) very good.31.What does the man usually do with those _(knife)?32.We must brush our _(tooth) every day.33.The three _ (watch) are all for Bob.34.Best _(wish) to you!35.There are

19、 three _(packet) of _(salt) on the table.36.There are three _(apple)_(tree) over there.37.My mother likes eating _ (mango) and _(beef) very much.38._(hero) like eating _(tomato), _(potato) and _(mango).39.Johns father and my father are both _(policeman).40.We are _(China), they are _(Japan). David a

20、nd Bob are _(Englishman). Amy and Millie are _(America).41.Many _(family) in China are very rich now.42.They buy a lot of _(toy) for their _(child) every year.43.Tom likes _(sport). He has a _(sport) bag.44.-What do you do first at school? -We do morning _(exercise) first.45.Christmas is one of the

21、_(festival) in the USA.46.Some dogs just dont know how _(have) fun.47.Would you like _(go) to college?48.Daniel has some _ (walkman).49.How many _ (family) are there in this town?50. In the picture there are many_(deer) and two_(fox).三、单项选择。( )1.How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bananas B.

22、meat C. bread D. milk( )2.Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favor( )3.These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; GermaniesD. Germany; Germans( )4.Would you pass me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paper( )5. _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and BillsB. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill