专题03复合句之名词性从句-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练 .docx

1、专题02 复合句之名词性从句-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练高中名词性从句的主要考察题型考察题型考察方式语法填空不给提示的空格会考察1-2题，涉及到主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这四种类型考点。比如语法填空中“All at once _65_filled my mind were regret and hope.”这道题考察的是主语从句，答案填“what”。再比如 “Fathers and mothers should get involved in_63_ their kids are doing and introduce them to the joys of nature.

2、” 这道题考察的是宾语从句，答案填“what”。书面表达学生能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句名词性从句，尤其是主语从句和同位语从句。比如说应用文中“Fortunately, it turns out that Dafeng, a kung fu training school with a long history, boasts increasing popularity all over the country. ”这句话运用的是it作为形式主语的主语从句。再比如说“Id appreciate it if you could take my application into

3、consideration.” 这句话运用的是it作为形式宾语的宾语从句。高中名词性从句的主要考察点 主语从句中的that是否可以省略以及用It作为形式主语的改写 表语从句中的虚拟语气 宾语从句中的that什么情况下不能省略 同位语从句中的常见名词和间隔同位语从句 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 wh-ever系列和no matter wh-系列引导的从句的区别 形式主语it、形式宾语it who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句。1. China is no longer what it used to be.2.

4、The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday w

5、as really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?【答案】1、 表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、不是下面具体讲解以上表格中的6种考察点：一、主语从句中的that是否可以省略以及用It作为形式主语的改写- （1）从属连词that不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对

6、不可以省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。That the driver could not control his war was obvious.=It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.（2） if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。（3）

7、 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词 where, when, how, why。当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。What we need is more time and money.特殊考点：主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。其句型有：a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary/important

8、that有必要/重要的是It is obvious that很明显b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知It has been decided that已决定It occurred to me that我突然想起【例题精讲】1：After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space .A. where B. what C. that D. h

9、ow2：_was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B This C. What D. As3： some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How【答案】BCB 二、表语从句中的虚拟语气- 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。The

10、 problem is that they cant get here early enough. (2)从属连词whether, as, as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。It looks as if its going to rain. (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get

11、to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 特殊考点：在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。【例题精讲】1：I prefer shutting myself in and listening to mu

12、sic all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what2：Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether【答案】AB 三、宾语从句中的that什么情况下不能省略-

13、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。由and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词that。He said (that) he had eaten nothing but that he wasnt hungry.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. （2）从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I don

14、t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why, wherever, whenever, however。如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.Please tell me what you want. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever n

15、eeds help a warm support.【例题精讲】1：We cannot figure out _quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.A. that B. as C. why D. when2：Mary wrote an article on _the team had succeeded in winning the game.A. how B. what C. who D. that3：The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _ he thought was n

16、ot enough.A where B. how C. what D. which【答案】CAC 四、同位语从句中的常见名词和间隔同位语从句- 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，对前面名词进一步说明。常用名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought, order,word,proof, belief, truth, suggestion, story, danger和 doubt, question, problem, puzzle, fear等。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the

17、 world. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.There is no possibility that.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.I have no idea when he will come back home. 特殊考点：同位语从句特殊形式：间隔同位语从句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，

18、由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。 如： A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. 【例题精讲】1：A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday .A. if B. when C. that D. which2：

19、There is a common belief among them _rubbish can and should be put to good use.A. which B. if C. whose D. that【答案】CD五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别- 总结：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。判断下面从句类型1. Whether we will go picnicking depends on the weather. 2. I learned tha

20、t he was a famous writer. 3. He is satisfied with what youve done. 4. That is why I came here. 5. I will never forget the days when we got together. 6. This is the book that I have been looking for. 7.The reason why he came home late is that he was trapped in the traffic jam. 【答案】1. 位于句首，为主语从句；2. 位于

21、谓语动词后，为宾语从句；3. 位于介词后，为宾语从句；4. 位于系动词后，为表语从句；5. 在名词day后，为定语从句；6. 在名词book后，为定语从句；7. 前句在名词reason后，为定语从句；后句在be动词后，为表语从句。六、wh-ever系列和no matter wh-系列引导的从句的区别- 疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.I believe whatever he says. Whatever he says

22、, I will never believe him.who与 whoever的区别 1.who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，whoever相当于anyone who“无论谁”Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.Can you tell me who that gentleman is?2.当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于all that, anything that或 the thing(s) that。另外，有时具有感叹意义。What we cant get seems bet

23、ter than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.七、形式主语it、形式宾语it- 当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。it作形式主语的主语从句用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be +形容词+从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是批注：在It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that

24、这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。如：It is strange that no one should object to the plan.b. It + be + -ed 分词+从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知It has been decided that已决定 批注：在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词的被动语态后的宾语

25、从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。c. It + be +名词+从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是批注：在这一部分要注意，名词为表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同

26、位语时，都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。d. It +不及物动词+分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起It seems that似乎_D_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It八、who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别- 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whate

27、ver/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。It is generally considered unwise to give a child _B_ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever_D_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever【补充习题】一、单项选择1.The problem _ he will have his college ed

28、ucation at home or abroad remains untouched.A. how B. whether C. that D. when2.The infrastructure of a country is _ makes everything run well, including things like transport, irrigation, electricity and schools.A. which B. that C. where D. what3. It is by no means clear _ the headmaster will do to

29、solve this problem. A. howB. whichC. that D. what4. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. what D. if5. The companys commitment _ the prices of their products will remain stable has been vital to its success. A. howB. whyC. whether D. that6. Many restaura

30、nt menus include the origins of a dish, it is prepared, what the main ingredients are, and which farms the ingredients come from. A. whenB. howC. what D. which7. We have offered him the position, but I dont have the slightest idea _ he will accept it. A. howB. if C. whether D. that8.What do you thin

31、k it is that has contributed to his huge success?_ he keeps focused on what he is doing.A. Because B. How C. Whether D. That【答案】1-5 BDDBD 6-8 BCD二、完形填空Years ago, feeling tired and frustrated, I began to doubt whether teaching was worth it anymore. (1)_, a ridiculous moment in class lit my way out of

32、 the darkness.I was teaching a chemistry lesson, and the students were (2)_about working with alcohol lamps. But a girl couldnt get her wick(灯芯) to burn. She was one of the kids who always seem to be the(3)_one picked for the team, who appeared to have (4)_that she could never be special.Normally I

33、do not interfere with science projects, because (5)_ can be part of the learning process. Yet this was simply a matter of faulty equipment; the wick was not as (6)_ as it should have been. I needed to (7)_.The girl had tears in her eyes, and I felt (8)_ of myself for ever having felt like giving up.

34、 For that one moment, the only thing that (9)_ to me was that this girl should have a successful experiment. She was going to go home that day with a (10)_ on her face. I bent over her alcohol lamp, and with a long kitchen match tried to reach the wick. I was so (11)_ to the match that I could feel

35、the flame. Finally the wick caught fire, and I looked up triumphantly(得意洋洋地), (12)_ the smile on the girls face.(13)_, she took one look at me and began screaming in fear. I did not understand why the kids were all pointing at me (14)_ I realized that the flame had lit my hair. Several kids ran to m

36、e and (15)_ at my head. Talk about a dream come truethey got to hit their teacher on the head and say they were (16)_ him.A few minutes later, all was well and I watched the kids (17)_ the experiment. I felt like an idiot, and yet for the first time in weeks, I felt how much I (18)_ about teaching.

37、I had tried hard to help someone; though not particularly well, but the (19)_ was there. From that moment, I determined to always teach like my hair was (20)_.1. A. Instantly B. Fortunately C. Hopefully D. Absolutely2. A. excited B. embarrassed C. skeptical D. particular3. A. first B. best C. last D

38、. very4. A. accepted B. denied C. declared D. hoped5. A. practice B. accidents C. inaccuracy D. failure6. A. dry B. big C. thick D. long7. A. step in B. step aside C. step up D. step down8. A. proud B. aware C. tired D. ashamed9. A. happened B. attended C. mattered D. related10. A. fear B. smile C.

39、shame D. surprise11. A. accessible B. close C. low D. short12. A. expecting B. finding C. missing D. imagining13. A. Rather B. Besides C. Still D. Instead14. A. as B. when C. until D. since15. A. looked B. shouted C. hit D. waved16. A. helping B. cursing C. kidding D. amusing17. A. beginning B. paus

40、ing C. continuing D. preparing18. A. argued B. cared C. complained D. worried19. A. strategy B. reason C. scheme D. effort20. A. on fire B. on end C. in sight D. in chaos【答案】1-5 BACAD 6-10 DADCB 11-15 BADCC 16-20 ACBDA三、阅读理解AWall fail, all the time. We might miss a call with a client because of an e

41、mergency work meeting, or miss that meeting because another project has suddenly become urgent. And then we (or our families) get sick, and we have to shift priorities around again. These unsystematic failures are benign, though. They reflect that all of us have limited resources. There simply is no

42、t enough time, energy, or money, to do everything you want to do all the time. Part of being a responsible adult is learning to make tradeoffs: balancing your conflicting goals and trying to get as much done as you can in the time you have. The thing you really need to watch out for is the systemati

43、c failure. The systematic failure happens when theres a particular goal you want to achieve, but never get to. The causes of systematic failures usually boil down to some combination of these three factors:1. Short-term pressures versus long-term goals. Most of us prefer to achieve pressing short-te

44、rm goals rather than put time into long-term projects. Lots of research suggests that our brains are wired to prefer tasks that pay off in the short term rather than those whose benefit is long-term. The people who do manage to accomplish their long-term goals create regular space to make progress o

45、n them. 2. Without even realizing it, we often do what is easiest to accomplish rather than what we say is most important. Email is a great example. If you are like most people, you keep your email program open at work all day. Consequently, each new message is an invitation to drop what you are wor

46、king on to check it. It feels like work and its much easier than finishing that 100-slide presentation. Simply shutting off email for a few hours a day can remove this source of distraction from the environment. 3. Working for too long. Many workplaces create pressure to stay at the office for more

47、and more hours, which (paradoxically) creates opportunities for systematic failures. Work is not an iron man competition where the last person there wins. Most people have an optimal（最佳的）number of hours they can work each day. For example, I can be productive at work for about 8-9 hours a day. If I

48、spend any more time at work than that, then at some point, I start doing “fake work.”The next time you run into trouble, assess whether its an unsystematic failure or a systematic one. When you notice a systematic failure in your life, you need to make a change in your behavior. If you dont make a c

49、hange, you will continue to fail. Finally, if you experience a lot of unsystematic failures, it might be worth rethinking the number of tasks you are taking on. Perhaps you need to offload some responsibilities onto someone else, before you start experiencing more systematic failures. 1. Who was mos

50、t probably affected by the first factor?A. Andy who put his keep-fit plan aside due to a lack of free time. B. Sarah who worked overtime till the next morning to finish her work ahead of time. C. Philip who missed an important appointment because he has been under the weather lately. D. Emily who ke

51、pt her social networking platform on all day to receive updates about friends. 2. Which of the following could fill in the blank as a subtitle?A. The truth about important goals. B. Environments that are bad for our goals. C. The easiest goals that often bring us little. D. Ways to remove the source

52、 of distraction. 3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. How to distinguish systematic failures from unsystematic failures. B. When you should worry about failure and when you shouldnt. C. What to do to save yourself from constant systematic failures. D. Why assessing failures you have encountere

53、d is important. BIn a historic moment on June 26, the US Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is a legal right across all 50 states. The Supreme Court justices ruled states cannot deny gay men and women the same marriage rights. The decision means the 13 states with bans on same-sex marriage a

54、re no longer able to enforce them.Same-sex couples “ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law”. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote in the majority opinion: “The Constitution grants them that right.”The decision came after decades oflitigation（诉讼）and activism. It set off celebrations across the US. In

55、affected states including Georgia, Michigan, Ohio and Texas, same-sex couples rushed to wed, while officials in Mississippi and Louisiana said marriages had to wait until procedural issues were addressed, reported the BBC.According to “The New York Times”, the ruling came against the backdrop of fas

56、t-moving changes in public opinion in the US, with polls indicating that most Americans now approve of same-sex marriage.US President Barack Obama welcomed the ruling, saying it “affirms what millions of Americans already believe in their hearts.” “Today,” he said in a press release, “we can say, in

57、 no uncertain terms, that we have made our union a little more perfect.”Another win.This was the second time the Supreme Court took up same-sex marriage, according to an article in “Business Insider”. The first time, in June 2013, the court made a decision that allowed the US federal government to r

58、ecognize same-sex marriages in states where they were already legal.But at that time, the Supreme Court declined to rule on the broader question about gay marriage: Is there aconstitutional（宪法的）right to same-sex marriage? The June 26 ruling gave a positive answer to that question.Justice Kennedy wro

59、te in the majority opinion that the Constitution should evolve with societal changes.“The nature of injustice is that we may not always see it in our own times,” he wrote. “The generations that wrote and ratified the “Bill of Rights” and the “FourteenthAmendment（修正案）” did not exactly know the extent

60、 of freedom in all of its dimensions, and so they hoped the future generations can protect the right of all persons to enjoy liberty as we learn its meaning.”The FourteenthAmendmentaddresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the law. In the June 26 ruling, the Supreme Court declared that th

61、e equal protection clause of theamendmentrequires marriage rights be extended to same-sex couples, too.1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. The majority of Americans now object to same-sex marriage.B. Gay men and women did not care about the ruling.C. All the US states did

62、not ban same-sex marriage before the ruling.D. The US president believes the country will be less perfect after the ruling.2. It can be inferred that _.A. before June 26, most Americans have doubt about same-sex marriage.B. this is the first time the Americans have got the same-sex marriage right.C.

63、 thanks to the amendment, all the Same-sex couples can get married immediately.D. Americans struggled for decades to win the same-sex right.3. Why does the author refer to Justice Kennedys “ the nature of injustice is that we may not always see it in our own times” ?A. The author thinks that it is u

64、nfair for same-sex marriage not to have the marriage right.B. The author wants to show that it is difficult for same-sex marriage couple to get the right.C. The author thinks that in our own times we can not see the justice.D. The author shows his dissatisfaction with the delayed approval of the legal same-sex marriage.【答案】1-3 ABB 4-6 CDB