专题03 形容词.docx

1、专题03 形容词&副词形容词、副词的基本考点：1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级2. 形容词变成副词3. 形容词和副词的位置4. 形容词和副词词义辨析一）、形容词的种类1）以不同后缀结尾的形容词A.以-ful结尾的形容词, careful, helpful, usefulB.以-less结尾的形容词, careless, homeless, helpless, uselessC.以-able,-ible结尾的形容词, comfortable, probable, enjoyable, possible, impossibleD.以-al结尾的形容词, international, nation

2、al, traditionalE.以-ive结尾的形容词, expensive, activeF.以-ous结尾的形容词, famous, dangerous2）以-ly结尾的形容词A.与人有关，像.样的， 如friendly, motherly, manly, womanlyB.与日期有关，每.的， 如monthly, yearly, weekly,C.与抽象名词结合，充满.的 如lonely, lively活泼的,lovely可爱的3）-ing 形容词：4） ed形容词：5）合成形容词： low-lying 低洼的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的二）、形容词的用法 1）作定语形

3、容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。e.g. He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。2）作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。 e.g. His idea sounds great. 他的主意听起来很棒。批注：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alone, alive, asleep, a

4、fraid, alight, ashamed, drunk, ill, well, unable, sure.上述形容词不能作前置定语，但alive , asleep可作后置定语。如：He is the greatest poet alive .有少数形容词只能做定语，不能作表语，如little, live(活的）elder，eldest.3）作宾语补足语， 放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find 等动词连用。e.g. They keep the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。We find it important to

5、 learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。4）形容词的名词化有些形容词放在定冠词之后，表示一类人，常见的有：good/bad, rich/poor, young/old, deaf/blind, black/white, living/dead, beautiful/good等。e.g. The old should be taken good care of. 老年人应该受到很好的照顾。三）、形容词的位置 1）形容词与不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。如：Is there anything i

6、nteresting in todays newspaper?2）如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下： 限定词(a/the，thissomeher)+数量词（先序数词后基数词）+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如：a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣批注：顺口溜：“大小形状和新老，颜色国籍出（处）材料”，多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。例如

7、： 一朵美丽的小花 a beautiful little red flower我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子I have a big, round , red, wooden, Chinese table.四）、副词的定义和种类副词的定义：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如：Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？He will arrive before ten oclock. （介词，before ten oclock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。副词的

8、分类：1）时间副词。A. 表示发生时间的副词：表示动作(事件)发生的时间这类副词常见的有:ago, before, lately, later (on), now, recently, then, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday等。B. 表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。2）地点副词。A. 地点副词有outside，inside，upstairs，here，there，home，near，away

9、，back，off，up，anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。批注：地点副词和动词连用时不加介词，如home，there，here前面不能加介词。 e.g. She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。B. 还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词： 用作介词：Stand up! 起立！ 用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3）程度副词有：very，quite，rathertoo，much，so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级，有些能修饰形容词比较级。例如：You sing much b

10、etter than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。五）、副词的用法副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子。e.g.Please look at the blackboard carefully请仔细看黑板。The car is quite expensive这辆轿车相当昂贵。Unluckily，he missed the train很不幸，他错过了火车。批注：actually/luckily/generally/unfortunately 等副词常

11、用来修饰句子六）、副词的位置注意：enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。如：He got up early enough to catch the bus.他起得足够早，可以赶上公共汽车。3）按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。e.g： We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。七）、形容词与副词的转换形容词可以通过变换规则转换成形容词。1）大部分形容词加ly；e.

12、g. careless-carelessly；quiet-quietly；different-differently2）以le结尾的形容词变le为ly；e.g. possible-possibly；terrible-terribly；comfortable-comfortably；gentle-gently；simple-simply批注：初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true-truly。3）以y结尾的形容词变y为ily；e.g. easy-easily；angry-angrily；noisy-noisily；happy-happily；heavy-heavily；healthy-he

13、althily4）不规则变化A. 本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变；e.g. fast-fast；early-early；high-high、hard-hard；late-late；far-far；wide-wide；alone-aloneB. 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词e.g. good-wellC. 虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词;e.g. friendly；lively；lovely；lonely；likely很有可能的D. 有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意e.g. wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)-wide(

14、副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地),late(形容词，晚的)-late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)-high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)八）、形容词、副词比较级和最高级知识点1：比较级、最高级的规则变化1）单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加er 、est 构成。great - greater- greatest fast - faster-fastest2）以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 r 、st 构成。wide - wider- widest nice -nicer - nicest3）以

15、辅音字母y结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，把y改为i后加er 、est 构成。happy - happier - happiestearly - earlier- earliest4）少数双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级也是在词尾加er 、est 构成。clever- cleverer- cleverest healthy- healthier- healthiest5）重读闭音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是双写最后一个辅音字母加er、est。big - bigger - biggestthin- thinner - thinnest6）大多数双音节和多音节形容词、副词的比较级

16、和最高级是在前面加more 和 most来构成。 beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful carefully-more carefully - most carefully7）以ly结尾的副词，如果ly是后缀的，加more 和 most来构成比较级和最高级。如果ly不是后缀的，加er 、est 构成比较级和最高级。early - earlier - earliest warmly- more warmly - most warmly8）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的最高级前一定要有限定词，如：the，物主代词等。而副词的最高级前可以

17、不用定冠词the。Spring is the best season in Kun Ming.He is my best friend.He jumps farthest in his class.9）比较级、最高级的不规则变化good - better - best ; bad/badly/ill - worse - worstmany/much -more - most; little - less - leastfar-further/farther-furthest/farthest10）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的最高级前一定要有限定词，如：the，物主代词等。而副词

18、的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。He is the best student in his class.He runs fastest in his class.知识点2：形容词、副词的比较等级的用法原级的用法1）as + 原级 + as表示两者在某方面程度一样 not so (as) + 原级 + as 表示前者不如后者e.g：1. Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. 2. He did the work as carefully as her.2）the same 名词as 表示同等比较 e.g：1. A is the same size as B. A 的尺

19、码与B一样。2. A and B are of the same size. A和B尺码一样。3）修饰原级的词：very, too, quite, soe.g：1. He is a very good boy. 2. He watched the tiger quite carefully in the zoo.比较级的用法1）形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较。表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ing结构和ed结构。批注： than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。e.g：1. Our teacher i

20、s taller than us. 2. It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 3. The clothes in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 4. Judy does her homework more careless than Lily. 2）形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示 较不 和 最不 。lessthan= not as (so) ase.g：important - less important - least important This r

21、oom is less beautiful than that one. = This room is not so beautiful as that one.3）一方随另一方的程度而变化时用the+比较级the+比较级。表示 “越. 就越.”。 e.g：1. The more you study, the more you know. 2. The more, the better. 3. The harder he works, the happier he feels. 4） 本身程度发生改变时用“形容词或副词比较级 + and + 同一个形容词或副词比较级”。表示“越来越. ”。 多

22、音节词的只需用 “more and more +形容词或副词” 构成此用法e.g：Its getting hotter and hotter. The girl has done her homework more and more carefully since last term.5）比较级前可用a little, a bit, a lot, any, still, far, much, even 等词语表示超过另一方的程度。e.g：This book is far more expensive than that one.He works much harder than his bro

23、ther.6）表示一方比另一方更多少时，可以在比较级前加名词。e.g：My brother is two years older than me.7）当两者比较，只出现一方，且句中含有of the two时，比较级前要加the,表示特指两者当中较的一个。e.g：He is the taller of the two boys. 8）倍数的表达倍数+as.as 倍数+ 比较级+than倍数+ the+ 名词+ ofe.g：This bridge is three times as wide as that one.=This bridge is twice wider than that one

24、. =This bridge is three times width of that one. 9）否定+比较级用法=最高级的用法一般用于情景交际中e.g I cant find a better one.= This one is the best.10）用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。在这种情况下，往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人、物或其他中任意一个人、物进行比较。自己不可以与自己相比较，所以常在状语中用any ,other , else类的字眼。e.g He is taller than any other student in his class.(any other stud

25、ent 里面已排除了he) 试比较： Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. He is taller than anyone else in his class.最高级的用法1）三者或三者以上相比, 表示最高程度时, 用 “the+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句” 的结构表示。其中表示范围的介词使用规律为：of或among接个体数量；in接范围。e.g Zhang Hua is the tallest of（among）the three.He

26、 works (the) hardest in his class.2）用于特殊句型中，如：one of +最高级+ 名词复数。e.g Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 3）与序数词连用e.g The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.链接中考：（2022扬州中考） 9. Its _ of the boy to leave the tap running.A. endlessB. homelessC. meaninglessD. careless【答案】D【解析】句意

27、：这个男孩离开时忘记关水龙头很粗心大意。考查形容词辨析。endless无止境的；homeless无家可归的；meaningless无意义的，无价值的；careless粗心大意的。根据“to leave the tap running”，可知表达这个男孩走的时候没关水龙头很粗心。故选D。（2022宿迁中考）10. Amy did very well in her report. She is _ to pay attention to every detail.A. enough carefulB. careful enoughC. enough carelessD. careless enou

28、gh【答案】B【解析】句意：艾米的报告做得很好。 她很细心，对每一个细节都很注意。考查形容词辨析以及enough的用法。careful仔细的；careless粗心的。根据“pay attention to every detail”可知，对每一个细节都很注意，说明是一个很细心的人，排除C和D选项。enough修饰形容词要放在其后，故选B。（2022连云港中考）8. We are that the Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.A. friendly B. brave C. nervous D. proud【答案】D【解析】考查形容词

29、的词义辨析。这句话的意思是“我们感到自豪伟大的长城是世界奇迹之一。”12. On April 16th, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu came back to Earth from the Tiangong space station.A. widely B. especially C. highly D. safely【答案】D【解析】考查副词的词义辨析。这里选的safely是“安全地”的意思，表示“安全地返回地球”。（2022无锡中考）3. Oh, she smiles! She nods! She underst

30、ands! Weve got _ dog in the world.A. a clevererB. the cleverest C. a shyer D.the shyest【答案】B【解析】考查形容词的最高级。这句话的意思是“我们已经得到了世界上最聪明的狗。”（2022无锡中考）11. Cindy, can I look at your notebook? It looks special. Sorry. I usually write down something _ in it.A. perfect B. practical C. pleasant D. private【答案】D【解析】

31、考查形容词的词义辨析。笔记本上一般记的东西属于个人的隐私，这里选择D选项，表示“私人的”。（2022泰州中考）6. The summer vacation is coming. Dont swim in the lake, _ when you are alone.A. probablyB. possiblyC. especiallyD. exactly【答案】C【解析】句意：暑假快来了。不要在湖里游泳，尤其是一个人的时候。考查副词辨析。probably可能；possibly可能；especially尤其；exactly确切地。根据“Dont swim in the lake, .when y

32、ou are alone.”可知，不要在湖里游泳，尤其是独自去。故选C。（2022泰州中考）2. _ cultures such as Chinese knot, Chinese paper-cutting and Chinese opera are deeply loved by students.A. SocialB. ModernC. TraditionalD. Natural【答案】C【解析】句意：中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲等传统文化深受学生喜爱。考查形容词辨析。Social社会的；Modern现代的；Traditional传统的；Natural自然的。根据“Chinese knot,

33、 Chinese paper-cutting and Chinese opera”可知中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲都是中国传统文化，故选C。（2022苏州市中考）33. Asking questions is one of the _（最容易的）ways to lead you to active learning.【答案】easiest【解析】句意：问问题是引导你积极学习的最简单的方法之一。easiest“最容易的”，用于“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构中，故填easiest。（2022苏州市中考）35. Its necessary for teenagers to learn

34、how to spend their pocket money _（明智地）.【答案】wisely【解析】句意：青少年有必要学习如何明智地使用他们的零花钱。wisely“明智地”，在句中修饰动词，故填wisely。（2022苏州市中考）36. The doctors advice on keeping healthy is w_ taking.【答案】(w)orth【解析】句意：医生关于保持健康的建议值得采纳。根据“The doctors advice on keeping healthy is w.taking.”可知，医生的建议值得采纳，此处是be worth doing sth.“值得做

35、某事”，故填(w)orth。（2022扬州市中考）46. Let me repeat _ what he just said.（exact）【答案】exactly【解析】句意：让我准确地重复他刚说的话。动词“repeat”用副词修饰。表达“准确地”用“exact”的副词形式“exactly”。故填exactly。（2022扬州市中考）49. After a nights rain, the mountains are much greener and the air is much _.（fresh）【答案】fresher【解析】句意：下了一夜的雨，山更绿了，空气也更清新了。fresh“清新的

36、”，根据“the mountains are much greener”以及“much”可知此处用形容词的比较级作表语。故填fresher。（2022宿迁市中考）55. Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry easily. I agree with you. He is very _（有耐心的）.【答案】patient【解析】句意：我们班许多学生喜欢詹姆斯，因为他从不轻易生气。 我同意你的观点。他非常有耐心。根据中文提示可知，此空应填形容词patient“有耐心的”作表语，故填patient。（202

37、2宿迁市中考）56. Natural resources are very important for us and we should use them_（明智地）.【答案】wisely【解析】句意：自然资源对我们很重要，我们应该明智地利用它们。由中文提示可知，英语中“明智地”是wisely，是一个副词，在句中修饰动词use，故填wisely。（2022宿迁市中考）60. While Tan Dun was young, he once made music with _ (not special) objects like stones and paper.【答案】common【解析】句意

38、：谭盾年轻时曾用石头、纸等普通物品创作音乐。此空缺少形容词修饰名词objects，结合提示词以及“like stones and paper.”可知，这些都是普通的物品，common“普通的”，故填common。根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。（2022无锡市中考）38.Helen developed a _ (持久的) friendship with her teacher.【答案】38. lasting （2022无锡市中考）40.I hope the FIFA World Cup will be covered _ (现场直播) as usual.【答案】4

39、0. live（2022无锡市中考）42. Jerry studied many languages _ (simple) for pleasure.【答案】 42. simply （2022无锡市中考）44.Jim is no _ (long) afraid of making new friends at school now.【答案】44. longer （2022泰州市中考）62. Audiobooks(有声读物) are so welcome that the number of the listeners is increasing _ (rapid).【答案】rapidly【解析

40、】句意：有声读物是如此受欢迎，听众的数量正在增加。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填rapidly。（2022泰州市中考）66. Students have _ (little) homework than before because of the “double reduction” policy(“双减”政策).【答案】less【解析】句意：由于“双减”政策，学生的作业量比以前少了。根据“than”可知此处应用little的比较级less，故填less。（2022镇江市中考）38. Eddie, look at your _ (tidy) room. Youd better keep

41、everything in order.【答案】untidy【解析】句意：埃迪，看看你那凌乱的房间。你最好保持一切井然有序。根据“Youd better keep everything in order.”可知，房间是凌乱的，untidy“不整洁的，凌乱的”，是形容词修饰其后的名词，故填untidy。（2022镇江市中考）40. The machine was repaired last Saturday. Now it is running _ (smooth). 【答案】smoothly【解析】句意：这台机器是上周六修理的。现在运行顺利。smooth“顺畅的”，是形容词， 此处应用副词修饰动词，故填smoothly。（2022镇江市中考）42. In my family, dad is the strongest, mum is the _ (苗条的) and I am the cutest.【答案】slimmest【解析】句意：在我的家里，爸爸是最强壮的，妈妈是最苗条的，我是最可爱的。slim“苗条的”，根据“dad is the strongest, mum is the.and I am the cutest”可知，此处应使用形容词最高级，故填slimmest。