专题03 有提示词之动词时态、语态和主谓一致-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题03 有提示词之动词时态、语态和主谓一致目录考点归纳1考点01 动词时态1考点02 动词语态3考点03 主谓一致5高考练场6考点01 动词时态6考点02 动词语态7考点03 主谓一致8考点归纳考点01 动词时态【考点诠释】英语时态总计有16种，但常常考查的时态只有五、六种：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时，一般将来时等等。单独考查时态的题型也不多，时态经常和语态、主谓一致同时考查，这样就增加了考试的难度。另外，学生也要重点注意一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，还要注意一般现在时、现在进行时表将来的情况。无论如何，在判断句子的时态

2、时一定要看准时间状语和表示时间概念的副词（短语），这些都是判断的关键所在。一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为”助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去

3、完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调”过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调”过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before, after, as

4、 soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。【典例1】(2023秋湖北荆州高三荆州中学校考阶段练习) This years unforgettable Games, credited as one of the 1 (best) Asian Games in history, (leave) an indelible legacy on the city in the future, the Chinese people and the continent.【详解】will leave 考查动词时态。句意：这场今年令人难忘的运动会，被

5、誉为历史上最好的亚运会之一，将在未来为这座城市，为中国人民和整个大陆留下不可磨灭的遗产。分析句子结构可知，leave作本句谓语，根据时间状语in the future，用一般将来时。故填will leave。1.根据句子结构来判断，此空应该是句子的谓语。2.句中有时间状语in the future，用一般将来时，故判断应用一般将来时。【变式1-1】(2023湖北武汉湖北省武昌实验中学校考模拟预测)People (carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now. During Chi

6、nese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances 6 (are held), including the dragon dance and suona horn show.【变式1-2】(2023浙江德清县高级中学校考模拟预测)By the end of 2021, it (complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.【变式1-3】(2023秋江苏盐城高三盐城市伍佑中学校联考阶段练习)

7、2 (At) the same time, 91.6 percent of respondents (voice) their expectations for more video programs digging deeper into traditional Chinese culture.【变式1-4】(2023上江苏南通高三海安高级中学校考阶段练习)Over the years, five stations have been built in Lop Nur, and altogether 20 people (work) at them safeguarding heritage

8、, according to Feng Jing, director of Loulan Museum in Ruoqiang.【变式1-5】(2023上江苏高三马坝高中校考阶段练习)The entirety of Suzhou (be) a true treasure of China that manages the difficult balance of innovation and preservation.考点02 动词语态【考点诠释】英语语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态形式。主语是动作的承受者时，动词则用被动语态形式。在语法结构上，主动语态和被

9、动语态的区别主要在于，主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上做时态上的变化；而被动语态则使用助动词be+动词的过去分词作为谓语，时态的变化体现在助动词上进行变化。被动语态经常和动词时态一起考查，单独考查的情况不多。另外注意一些特殊被动语态结构：带情态动词的被动结构；带不定式的被动结构；短语动词的被动结构；短语动词的被动结构有以下几种：1)（不及物）动词+介词; 2)（及物）动词+副词; 3)动词+副词+介词；4)动词+名词+介词。主动语态中若有双宾语，变为被动语态时，有下列二种情况：表示人的间接宾语做主语；表示物的直接宾语做主语(表示物的直接宾语做被动语态的主语时，要在表

10、示人的间接宾语前加介词for或to)。主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：动词后用动名词的主动形式，这时动名词句中的主语有动宾关系。有些及物动词后须加副词（如well, easily等），有些不可加，如act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write等。形容词后直接加动词。某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。某些感官动词的形式和系动词（如feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste, 等）与形容词连用时。被动形式表示主动意义。如：be pl

11、eased, be graduated (from), be finished, get married等。以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句：动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点（国家、团体、组织、军队）等。表示动态的动词，如become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。不及物动词及短语动词：appear, belong to, break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take pla

12、ce, agree with, belong to, consist of, have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组，如keep word, lose heart, make a face等。【典例2】(2023湖北襄阳襄阳四中校考三模) The 10th anniversary of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) _ (mark) by academics and officials on Monday, with the launch of a scholarly book, Walk Along t

13、he Road: Ten Years of BRI, .【详解】was marked 考查动词被动语态。句意：周一是中国提出“一带一路”倡议十周年，学者和官员举行了纪念活动，出版了一本学术书籍走在路上：一带一路十年，旨在让马来西亚的读者从多个角度了解“一带一路”。句中主干部分的主语是“The 10th anniversary of the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)”，逗号后面都是状语部分，说明横线上需要填写谓语动词，括号中给出提示词“mark”，结合句意表示“庆贺”的含义，与主语部分构成被动语态，因为该活动已经举办因此需要使用一般

14、过去时。故填was marked。1.根据句子结构来判断，此空应该是句子的谓语。2.句中有时间状语on Monday，是表示过去的时间状语，故判断应用一般过去时。3.句子主语是The 10th anniversary，应该考虑用被动。【变式2-1】(2023下浙江高三天台中学校联考阶段练习)For more than a thousand years, goods (transport) along the Grand Canal. Even today the countrys watery highway plays an important economic role in China.

15、 【变式2-2】(2023上江苏盐城高三盐城市伍佑中学校联考阶段练习)“. This sense of pride (base) on rational thinking,” said professor Su Junbin of Xiamen University.【变式2-3】(2023下浙江宁波高三镇海中学校考阶段练习)Thus it can (compare) with Qigong, which also can shape and improve a persons temper and promote well-being.【变式2-4】(湖北省部分重点高中2024届高三第一次联

16、考) 41 (Released) over August 30 to September 5, the series had received more than 20 million likes on Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok, and each episode (play) over 5 million times on Bilibili, another Chinese video platform, by September 8.考点03 主谓一致【考点诠释】高考英语语法填空题中，不可能单独考查主谓一致，它一定会与动词时态或语态一起考查

17、。主谓一致有三个原则：语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。其中语法一致、意义一致原则是学生应该掌握的重点，也是考试的难点。在判断主语究竟是单数还是复数时，尤其要注意判断。有些形单意复，有些形复意单，有时主语还有一些短语来修饰，如a team of, a group of, a majority of, a large quantity of时，这时的判断就很复杂了。主谓一致判断三原则(注意描红处)基本原则具体情形例 句语法一致主语单数+谓语单数The worker is from the neighboring factory.主语复数+谓语复数The students are doin

18、g experiments in the chemistry lab.就近一致or, either . or., neither . nor ., not only . but also .连接主语时Neither the students nor the teacher hasnt attended the meeting.There be + 多个主语There is a bottle of ink, a pen and some pieces of paper on the desk. 意义一致谓语用单数的情况The family is a harmonious and happy on

19、e.谓语用复数的情况The family are doing their housework separately.谓语单复数根据表达意义确定的情况- What is the population of China at present?- Three-fourths of the population are farmers.【典例3】(2023湖北襄阳襄阳四中校考模拟预测) After the project (put) into operation, the electricity generated by the turbine will be 7 (directly) connect

20、ed to the power grid of the offshore oilfield group for oil and gas production.【详解】is put 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：项目投产后，汽轮机发电将直接接入海上油田集团电网进行油气生产。after引导的是时间状语从句，句子遵循主将从现原则，主句时态是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，项目是被投产，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语project是单数，因此be动词用is。故填is put。1.根据句子结构来判断，此空应该是句子的谓语。2.句中after引导的是时间状语从句，句子遵循主将从现原则，主句时态是一

21、般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。3.句子主语是the project，应该考虑用被动。【变式3-1】(2023下浙江宁波高三镇海中学校考阶段练习)To practise calligraphy 5 (require) the basic tools of four treasures of study, writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much concentration .【变式3-2】(2023上浙江金华高三浙江金华第一中学校考阶段练习)With the aim of green Asian Games,

22、traditional fireworks (replace) with digital forms that used the latest imaging technology. 【变式3-3】(2023广东佛山佛山一中校考二模)No one (reach) the top up to now. They are called the “Three Holy Mountains”.【变式3-4】(湖北省部分重点高中2024届高三第一次联考)The series not only entertains but also (touch) on a powerful message that C

23、hinese people are longing 40 (desperately) for the return of cultural heritage.高考练场I. 单句语法填空考点01 动词时态1. (2023年新高考英语全国卷) As a little girl, I _ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 2. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while

24、stepping into the modern world, _ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.3. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing p

25、rotected areas for giant pandas .4. (2022年新高考英语全国II卷) Henry _ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.5. (2022年新高考英语全国II卷) He quickly _ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.6. (2022年新高考英语全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016,

26、 he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas highest mountain.7. (2022年新高考英语全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _ (address) the opening ceremony.8. (2021年新高考英语全国I卷) You cant help wondering how hard it _ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.9. (2021年新高考英语全国I

27、I卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.10. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) We _ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.11. (2020年新高考全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display. 12. (2020新课标全国I卷) Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown Uni

28、versity, says, “because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construct)”.考点02 动词语态1. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.2. (2022年新高考英

29、语全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.3. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) The GPNP _ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and

30、integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems .4. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) It _ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).5. (2020年新高考英语全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms.6. (2019年高考英语天津卷) Amy, as well as her brothers

31、, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.7. (2018年高考英语浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I _ (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.8. (2017年新课标全国 I卷) When fat and salt _ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if

32、it is missing something.9. (2017年新课标全国卷) Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.10. (全国 I卷) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I _ (allow) to get u

33、p close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.考点03 主谓一致1. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and redu

34、ce inconsistencies in management.2. (2022年高考英语浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.3. (2022年高考英语浙江卷1月) But Cobb and others _ (be) now questioning that idea pushing confere

35、nces to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.4. (2021年高考英语全国I卷) You cant help wondering how hard it _ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 5. (2021年高考英语全国II卷) One of the bi

36、ggest companies I wrote to _ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.6. (2021年高考英语浙江卷6月) Itdoesnt impresslike George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.7. (2021年高考英语浙江卷6月) Marys niece wrote,

37、“The little home _ (paint) white. 8. (2021年高考英语浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing apersons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25_ (consider) healthy.9. (2021年高考英语浙江卷1月) In cities, however, the gain _ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.10. (2020年高考英语全国I卷) The p

38、arts of a museum open to the public _ (call) galleries or rooms.11. (2020年高考英语全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museums collection _ (be) on display.12. (2020年高考英语全国II卷) Because the number of possible topics _ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful appl

39、ications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.13. (2020年高考英语浙江卷6月) And, as more children were born, more food _ (need), agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.14. (2020年高考英语浙江卷1月) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 _ (b

40、e) 30 - today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.II. 语篇填空第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023上湖南高三长郡中学校考阶段练习)Recently, a video series named “Escape from the British Museum” has gone viral. As a three-episode series directed by two Chinese v-loggers, it tells

41、 the journey of 1 a Chinese jade teapot escapes from the British Museum and finds its own way back to China. Viewers were particularly moved by a scene where the little teapot 2 (exclaim) “Such a big cabinet is shared only by two people!” 3 arrival at the place of the journalist and his friend.A few

42、 days ago, the British Museum claimed to be the victim of “cultural theft” 4 , if we look back to the history, is apparently what China has indeed suffered from. Statistics have shown that there are 5 (approximate) 23,000 Chinese relics in the British Museum, with about 2,000 of them on long-term di

43、splay. These priceless relics, 6 (include) stone tools in the Neolithic period, colorful pottery from the Yang Shao culture, bronze artifacts in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, tri-colored glazed pottery of Tang andSong Dynasties, and enamels

44、, involve nearly all 7 (art) categories. They are numbered and packed in glass cabinets so that their 8 (origin) are concealed.It is reported that there are three common ways to retrieve lost Chinese cultural artifacts: purchase, donation, and demands. From 1949 to 2019, a total of 150,000 Chinese relics in over 300 batches 9 (recover). Recent years have seen more batches reclaimed thanks to 10 (combine) efforts. May all of our lost cultural treasures come back home soon!