专题04 阅读理解之议论文10篇（第二期）-2023高考英语名校模拟真题速递（新高考专用）.docx

1、2023高考英语名校模拟真题速递（新高考专用）第二期专题04 阅读理解之议论文10篇（2023陕西咸阳统考一模）Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in the regions that are important for planning ahead, expecti

2、ng the future results of ones decisions, and comparing risk and reward. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults?Maybe. But its not as simple as it seems for two reasons

3、. First, different brain regions mature along with different timetables. There is no single age at which the adolescent brain becomes an adult brain. Systems responsible for logical reasoning mature when people are 16, but those involved in self-regulation are still developing in young adulthood. Th

4、is is why 16-year-olds are just as capable as adults when it comes to permitting informed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce their criminal responsibility, as the Supreme Court has noted in several recent cases. Using different ages for different legal boundaries seems strang

5、e, but it would make neuro- scientific sense if we did it reasonably. Second, science has never had much influence on these decisions. If it did, we wouldnt have lived in a society that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not sci

6、entific ones. Its a pity that Neuroscience wont have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct. Children are so changeable in their growth and how cultures understand child development is so different. It is pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, fo

7、r example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and its a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I recognize that the government might nev

8、er accept it.1What can we learn about brain maturation according to the passage?AAll the brain areas become mature at the same time.BScientists brain matures much earlier than politicians.CThe region in charge of logical reasoning isnt mature until 18.DThe time of brain maturation is not as early as

9、 thought before.2What is the authors attitude towards Neuroscience?AFavorable.BSkeptical.CIndifferent.DIntolerant.3What can we infer from the last paragraph?AIts illegal for a Dutch boy to drive at the age of 16.BThe culture of the Dutch is much better than the USACIts of great value to determine th

10、e right age of maturation.DThe influence of science on law and policy making is very big.4What could be the best title for the passage?AShould Children Learn from Capable Adults?BCan Neuroscience Create Mature Scientists?CShould Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions?DCan Children Drive and Drink Beer Li

11、ke Adults?（2023春江苏高三统考一模）While the benefits of Zoom and other videoconferencing tools made them absolutely essential in the pandemic (疫情), the research suggests that heavy reliance on the technology comes at a cost to creative thinking.Brucks at Columbia University and her team started their investi

12、gation when managers reported having trouble innovating with remote workers. Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead.To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generat

13、ed by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. The engineers, who were in Finland, Hungary, India, Israel and Portugal, were randomly paired up and given an hour or so to brainstorm products either in person or over videoconferencing. They then selected their best idea.Writing in Nature, the res

14、earchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. “They are not only generating a larger number of creative ideas, but their best idea is better,” Brucks said. Virtual teams were just as good at selecting the best ideas from a bunch as thos

15、e that met in person.“Visual focus is a huge component of cognitive (认知) focus. When youre focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,” said Brucks. “Its uniquely bad for creativity because its inhibiting broader exploration.”Brucks said th

16、e impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”. But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still b

17、e more cost-effective.Asked for tips, Brucks said people could save more creative tasks for in-person meetings, or turn off their camera when coming up with ideas. “I think it unlocks more creative thinking,” she said.5Why did Brucks conduct the research?ATo prove her assumption.BTo clarify a new co

18、ncept.CTo make a comparison.DTo explain a rule.6What is the finding of the research?AFace-to-face gatherings promote cross-culture ties.BWorkers think less creatively in virtual meetings.CIndividual work generates more innovative ideas.DVideoconferencing has an irreplaceable role.7What does the unde

19、rlined word “inhibiting” in paragraph 5 mean?AEncouraging.BRequiring.CBeginning.DPreventing.8What does Brucks say about virtual meetings?AThey should be used accordingly.BTheyll make office workers divided.CTheyll give way to in-person meetings.DThey help businesses run more efficiently.（2023秋辽宁沈阳高三

20、校联考一模）What may well be the oldest metal coins in the world have been identified at an ancient abandoned city known as Guanzhuang in China. Like many Bronze Age (青铜时代) coins from the region, they were cast in the shape of spades (铲) with finely carved handles. These ancient coins existed during an in

21、-between period between barter (以物易物) and money, when coins were a novel concept, but everybody knew that agricultural tools were valuable.Reading about this incredible discovery, I kept thinking about the way modern people represent computer networks by describing machines as having “addresses”, li

22、ke a house. We also talk about one computer using a “port” to send information to another computer, as if the data were a floating boat with destination. Its as if we are in the Bronze Age of information technology, grasping desperately for real-world reference to transform our civilization.Now cons

23、ider what happened to spade coins. Over centuries. metalworkers made these coins into more abstract shapes. Some became almost human figures. Others handles were reduced to small half-circles. As spade coins grew more abstract. people carved them with number values and the locations where they were

24、made. They became more like modern coins, flat and covered in writing. Looking at one of these later pieces, you would have no idea that they were once intended to look like a spade.This makes me wonder if we will develop an entirely new set of symbols that allow us to interact with our digital info

25、rmation more smoothly.Taking spade coins as our guide, we can guess that far-future computer networks will no longer contain any recognizable references to houses. But they still might bring some of the ideas we associate with home to our mind. In fact, computer networks if they still exist at all a

26、re likely to be almost the indispensable part of our houses and cities, their sensors inset (嵌入) with walls and roads. Our network addresses might actually be the same as our street addresses. If climate change leads to floods, our mobile devices might look more like boats than phones, assisting us

27、to land.My point is that the metaphors (比喻) of the information age arent random. Mobile devices do offer us comfort after a long day at work. In some sense, our desire to settle on the shores of data lakes could change the way we understand home, as well as how we build computers. So as we cast our

28、minds forward, we have to think about what new abstractions will go along with our information technology. Perhaps the one thing we count on is that humans will still appreciate the comforts of home.9Why were many Bronze Age coins made into the shape of a spade?AThese coins also served as agricultur

29、al tools.BThis stylish design made the coins valuable.CA lot of emphasis was put on agriculture.DThe handles made the coins easily exchanged.10Why does the author relate computers to spade coins?ATo show they both used to be new concepts when first invented.BTo highlight their same importance in our

30、 civilizational transformation.CTo suggest computers will experience dramatic changes as coins did.DTo explain abstract digital worlds are different from concrete coins.11What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?AFlexible.BWasteful.CEssential.DAlternative.12Which of

31、 the following would be the best title for the passage?AHow Agriculture Loses to Digital IndustryBWhat Coins and Computers Bring UsCWhat Bronze Age and Information Age Have In CommonDWhat Ancient Money Tells Us About the Future Digital World（2023春河北高三校联考一模）Even though people have been paralyzed (瘫痪的

32、) playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zone, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip up could be your downfall.No

33、body who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill a

34、nd training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine. That does not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it.Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athletes way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8000 me

35、ters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get.Some view parkour the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the ath

36、lete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculou

37、s places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstan

38、ces. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.13Why is downhill cycling mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo call for attention to extreme sports.BTo introduce the origin of extreme sports.CTo illustrate the danger of extreme spor

39、ts.DTo show the complexity of the extreme sports.14What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports?AExtreme sports differ from one another.BSkill matters a lot in maintaining safety.CAthletes luck is a key factor that influences safety.DExtreme sports are more dangerous than regular

40、 sports.15Which would best describe the authors attitude towards the danger of extreme sports?ADoubtful.BObjective.CIntolerant.DUninterested.16Which of the following is the best title of the text?ADo Extreme Sports Test Your Courage?BWhy Should Extreme Sports Be Banned?CWhy Do We Love Extreme Sports

41、 so Much?DAre Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?（2023山东济南统考一模）According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items.More than half of th

42、e 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression. About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. About 82 percent of women spend on c

43、lothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men.In some sense, stress shopping can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. The survey found 82 percent had only positive feeli

44、ngs about their purchases and that the positive mood was long-lasting. However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a drive that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life.Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to

45、stress or depression. Actually it needs to be avoided anyhow. Whether youre purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and youll be more likely to commit to it.In

46、addition always think about what you struggle with most financially. Do you spend too much money at the mall? Eating out? Vacations? Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to resist your desire. For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on weekends, stuff your

47、 cupboard with food on Friday. So youll be more likely to stay in and cook. And you need to give up the need to keep up with others. Everyones financial situation is different and comparison may lead to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have.17Why does the author mention those numbers i

48、n Paragraph 2?ATo support an idea.BTo attract readers.CTo call for actions.DTo introduce a topic.18Which of the following may help deal with stress shopping?AStimulating desires.BRecording spendings.CTurning to medicines.DComparing with others.19What is the authors attitude to stress shopping?AUncle

49、ar.BDoubtful.CObjective.DNegative.20What is a suitable title for the text?ADoes shopping benefit us?BMore stressed, women or men?CShould we compare with others?DCan stress shopping reduce stress?（2022广东华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me

50、articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decad

51、es, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite directio

52、n.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, res

53、earchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cantkeep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. B

54、ut something about quantumcomputing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently

55、 answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building

56、 a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all

57、 the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.21How does the author feels about Tobnsons concerns?AApproving.BUnconcernedCDoubtful.DExcited.22Wh

58、at leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?AHis dominance in physics.BThe competition in the field.CHis confidence in PyQuantum.DThe investment of tech companies.23What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AOpen.BCool.CUseful.DResistant.24Which would be the be

59、st tide for the passage?AIs Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?BIs Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?CWill Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?DWill Quantun Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?（2022吉林统考模拟预测）No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happen

60、ing to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm gain

61、ed recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who dont think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rocknroll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puz

62、zles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing, the business-model has changed. In the old days games were bought once and for

63、all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permane

64、nt Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos (赌场).The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a proble

65、m, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.25What do we know from Paragraph 1?AIt is n

66、ot suitable to compare video games to gambling.BParents complain about their childrens addiction to gambling.CMore doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.DGaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.26What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?AWrong jud

67、gment on how harmful something is.BTrouble caused by someones immoral behavior.CSocial progress caused by science and technology.DPanic due to the gap between the rich and the poor.27What do games developers do to make games attractive?AThey dont charge players for in-game goods.BThey adjust product

68、s based on received data.CThey keep players video game machines updated.DThey reward big spenders with a unique title.28In the last paragraph, the author aims to _.Aoffer a suggestionBmake a predictionCgive a warningDput forward a solution（2022山东模拟预测）Which is better for Earth: an electric or gas-pow

69、ered vehicle? The answer to this question might seem blindingly obvious: Of course electric cars must be better for the environment, because they dont give off greenhouse gases as people drive. However, electric vehicles (EVs) arent perfect, and they come with their own set of polluting problems. Th

70、eir batteries require a large amount of energy to produce.Battery production is just one part of an electric cars life span. A study looked at the entire life cycle of an EVs emissions (排放), from mining the metals for the batteries to producing the electricity needed to power them, and then compared

71、 this with the average emissions of a gas-powered vehicle. The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity, theyre actually worse for the environment than gas-powered cars.“Only when connected to the dirtiest, coal-heavy electric grids (电网) do gas-powered cars become comparabl

72、e to EVs on a greenhouse gas basis,” said Colin Sheppard, an expert in energy and transportation systems. Thats why more and more countries are decreasing the power supply from coal. In China, the national grid is improving with more investments in renewable energy. For example, it has twice as much

73、 wind energy capacity as the U.S. and it builds more solar panels per year than any other countries.Sheppard modelled a future in which all cars were electric. “We wanted to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles are electrified.” For example, Sheppard calculated that if all vehi

74、cles in the U.S. were electric, it would reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 46% every year. This reduction could be increased even further if those vehicles were using a technique known as “smart charging” in which cars are recharged at chosen times (often at night) to reduce the cost of electricity

75、.In short, its far easier to argue in favor of buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle. But what about the cost? Arent electric vehicles too expensive for most people?29In which case do EVs get more heavy-polluted than gas-powered cars?ABeing powered only by batteries.BConsuming coal-powered electri

76、city.CStarting to give off greenhouse gases.DReplacing gas-powered vehicles entirely.30What is greatly promoted in China now according to the text?ARenewable energy.BElectric vehicles.CCoal-powered supply.DPublic transport.31How does Sheppard model the future of EVs?AWith a discussion.BWith an exami

77、nation.CWith a calculation.DWith a questionaire.32What might the paragraph following the passage be about?AInventing green gas-powered vehicles.BDeveloping environment-friendly grids.CMaking electric vehicles more affordable.DGetting rid of fossil energy like coal and oil.（2022吉林长春长春市实验中学校考模拟预测）Just

78、 as Thanos wiped out half of the universes population by clicking his fingers, so clicks of online shoppers have destroyed large numbers of once booming brick-and-mortar shops (实体店).The emergence and popularity of online shopping indicates the darkest hour of physical stores. Reading the profit anno

79、uncements of large retail stores like Walmart and RT-mart is about as frustrating as a tour of an ICU (intensive care unit). The Internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. The Chinese Census Bureau released data showing that online sales hit the target of more than 500 billion RMB in “

80、Double 11” this year.Although many think the downfall of some physical stores arises from their failure to keep up with times, it doesnt fit the fact that they made every endeavour to reinvent themselves. As the CEO of Carrefour based in China once put it, “We had been scratching our heads. We used

81、the internet-connected tools to innovate about everything our branches did from managing stock of goods, marketing to getting paid. On top of that, they delivered goods to houses free of charge. They maximized their staffs hospitality towards customers. But hospitality paled in comparison to the gre

82、at convenience the online shopping has brought. Walmart in Hangzhou used drones (无人机) to drop what customers had bought during the lockdown of COVID-19.Some struggling physical stores have opened online stores, such as Suning, so people will come to them directly rather than to Tmall, Taobao and JD

83、platforms. But even if they get online traffic, they are just struggling to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline. Their narrow range of products catering to the needs of customers is their Achilles heel.Despite the disadvantages physical stores are having, the bric

84、k and click competition wont disappear in the foreseeable future. Will online shopping continue to be David? Maybe Goliath can turn the table. Who knows?33The underlined words in Paragraph 2 intend to _.Aclarify what intensive care isBstress the importance of hospitalsCshow physical stores poor fina

85、nceDarouse readers interest in e-shopping34What is the third paragraph mainly about?AThe downfall of physical stores.BThe use of internet-connected tools.CThe great efforts physical stores made.DThe application of advanced technology.35What can we infer about Suning from the fourth paragraph?AIt lac

86、ks product diversity.BIt never makes ends meet.CIt is noted for its online clicks.DIt makes more profit than Tmall.36In which section of a website can we probably read the text?AShow business.BCultures and customs.CShopping guidance.DOpinions and viewpoints.（2022秋海南省直辖县级单位高三嘉积中学校考一模）As a financial a

87、dviser, my clients come to me seeking help with growing their wealth. Perhaps the greatest lesson I share is that being rich isnt a dollar amount; it is a perception that includes happiness, peace of mind, comfort and security. Theres a big difference between being wealthy and feeling wealthy.Actual

88、ly, one of the best ways I advise others in building their wealth is this: The secret to having more is giving more. Studies have shown that people who volunteer weekly exhibit an increase in happiness. Donating your time makes you grateful for all that you have, and youll have the unmatched joy and

89、 excitement of knowing you made a huge impact for the good of others.Volunteering enables you to increase your relationship skills and encourages you to have conversations with people from very different walks of life. You can even make new friends. It is also a wonderful activity that families can

90、do together. This has the added benefit of serving as a good role model to your children. I am encouraging my kids to volunteer and experience the power of love for themselves.Without fail, every time I volunteer, I have conversations that change my life in some way. I was once volunteering at a loc

91、al shelter and struck up a conversation with other volunteers. As we chatted, we all suddenly realized: The massive gratitude of those receiving help acted like a nuclear bomb going off in our hearts, and it also touched the other volunteers, making us all realize how truly blessed we are.Giving our

92、 time, money and energy gives us a sense of achievement like nothing else. If “wealth” really is a perception of happiness, comfort and security, we must learn to get outside our own experience and understand what wealth means to other people.37What is the authors understanding of wealth?AIt is more

93、 of a state of mind.BIt gives one the duty to help others.CIt has something to do with finance.DIt lifts peoples spirits like nothing else.38What makes a person appreciate what he has already owned?AWinning peoples recognition.BSpending time helping others.CMaking a deep impression on others.DImprov

94、ing ones interpersonal skills.39What is paragraph 3 mainly about?ABenefits of volunteering.BParents roles in a family.CImportance of social skills.DWays of being a volunteer.40Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AA Road to Real Wealth in LifeBA Lesson in Wealth ManagementCA Dif

95、ferent Way to Pursue HappinessDA Life-changing Volunteering Experience参考答案：1D2A3A4C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。1细节理解题。根据第一段中“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation

96、(成熟) occurs far later than previously thought.(神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”可知，大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D。2推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ Its a pity that Neuroscience wont have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.(虽然神经科学总是正确的，但遗憾的是它不会对政治产生太大的影响。)”以及最后一段“Even if I firmly believe legal decisions

97、 should refer to Neuroscience seriously and its a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US(即使我坚信法律决定应该认真参考神经科学，在美国降低饮酒年龄和提高驾驶年龄是个好主意)”可知，作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的，只是它没有受到政治的关注，未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A。3推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink al

98、cohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. (例如，荷兰允许16岁的孩子喝酒，但直到19岁才能开车。)”可知，荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的，但是19岁才能开车即19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A。4主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. (神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”；以及本段中“Should this ne

99、w knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults?(这一新知识是否会让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe. But its not as simple as it seems for two reasons.(也许吧。但事情并不像看上去那么简单，原因有二。)”可知，本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，

100、但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项“Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions?(神经科学会影响法律决策吗？)”符合文章标题。故选C。5A6B7D8A【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过研究者的调查研究，阐述了虽然在疫情期间视频会议起到了至关重要的作用，但是过度依赖会削弱创造性思维的观点。5推理判断题。根据第二段“Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor, suspecting that difficulties coordinatin

101、g (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead.”（Brucks怀疑视频会议是否是一个因素，他怀疑在线协调大型全球团队的困难反而应负主要责任。）和第三段的“To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engineers for a multinational company. ”（为了找到答案，研究人员分析了一家跨国公司1490名工程师提出的新产品创意。）可知，Brucks进行研究是为了证明自己的怀疑和假设。

102、故选A。6细节理解题。根据第四段“Writing in Nature, the researchers report that the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. ”（研究人员在自然杂志上撰文称，当工程师面对面工作时，他们会产生更多的想法，更有创新性的想法。）可知，工程师面对面工作时比虚拟会议中有更多的创新思维。故选B。7词句猜测题。根据第五段“When youre focused on the screen and ignoring the rest

103、of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,”（当你专注于屏幕而忽略环境的其他部分时，这会影响你完成任务的方式，）可知，人们在虚拟会议中，注意力都集中在屏幕上，就会对创新思维产生影响，阻止人们进行更广泛的探索和思考；结合划线词所在句“Its uniquely bad for creativity because its inhibiting broader exploration.”（这对创造力特别不利，因为它抑制了更广泛的探索。），划线词应该指“阻止、抑制”。故选D。8细节理解题。根据第六段“Brucks said t

104、he impact on the real world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”.”（Brucks表示，这对现实世界的影响“可能是巨大的”，导致面对面会议和虚拟会议之间的分工，可能“永久性地重塑办公室和工作时间表”。）和“But she urged businesses to be cautious, because

105、 if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effective.”（但她敦促企业保持谨慎，因为如果虚拟会议比面对面会议便宜，它们可能仍然更具成本效益。）可知，Brucks提到了面对面会议和虚拟会议会因为各自的优缺点而造成相应的分工，人们应该根据各自的需求而使用虚拟会议。故选A。9C10B11C12D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是作者以青铜时代的古钱币为视角，探讨未来电脑科技的发展。9细节理解题。根据第一段中“Like many Bronze Age (青铜时代) co

106、ins from the region, they were cast in the shape of spades (铲) with finely carved handles. These ancient coins existed during an in-between period between barter (以物易物) and money, when coins were a novel concept, but everybody knew that agricultural tools were valuable.(像很多青铜时代的硬币，它们都被做成铁铲的形状。这些古币存在

107、于物物交换和货币交换之间的一个时期，当时硬币还是一个新奇的概念，但每个人都知道农业工具是有价值的)”可知，许多铜器时代的硬币被制成铁锹的形状，因为当时非常重视农业。故选C。10推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its as if we are in the Bronze Age of information technology, grasping desperately for real-world reference to transform our civilization.(我们仿佛处于信息技术的青铜时代，拼命地寻找现实世界的参考来改变我们的文明)”可知，作者通过提及青铜时代的货币提到了如今的

108、电脑科技世界，是因为二者具有共同的特点即铁锹货币在青铜时代改变的文明中起着重要作用，电脑科技在我们当今时代改变文明中也发挥着重要作用。即强调它们在我们的文明变革中同样重要。由此推知，作者把电脑和铲形币联系起来，以强调它们在我们的文明转型中同样重要。故选B。11词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中划线词indispensable后文“part of our houses and cities, their sensors inset (嵌入) with walls and roads. Our network addresses might actually be the same as our str

109、eet addresses.(是我们房屋和城市的一部分，它们的传感器嵌入了墙壁和道路。我们的网络地址实际上可能与我们的街道地址相同)”可知，电脑网络与我们的街道地址相同，嵌入了我们的墙壁和道路，成为了我们房屋和城市的一部分，这是必不可少的。由此可知，划线词与C选项“essential必不可少的”意思相近。故选C。12主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Reading about this incredible discovery, I kept thinking about the way modern people represent computer networks by describing

110、machines as having “addresses”, like a house.(读到这一令人难以置信的发现，我一直在思考现代人如何而通过将机器描述为“地址”来表示计算机网络)”可知，文章由第一段讲述的青铜时代的铁锹货币，让作者联想到当今的电脑世界，以及后文对受到货币演化过程的启发，讲述了我们是否会开发出一套全新的符号，让我们能够更顺畅地与数字信息进行交互，展开了对未来数字世界的畅想。本文通过硬币的发展介绍了从青铜时代到信息时代的发展变化。由此可知，D项What Ancient Money Tells Us About the Future Digital World(古代货币告知我

111、们未来的数字世界)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。13C14B15B16D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了作者对于极限运动危险性的认识。13推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zone, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip up could be your downfall.(像高山自行车这样的运动是非常危险的，因为

112、你会下坡，越过岩石或泥土地带，穿过森林，即使以潜在的致命速度。一失足就可能导致你的失败)”可推知，作者第一段提及高山自行车是为了说明极限运动确实有危险性。故选C。14主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine. That does

113、 not wipe out the danger, but it greatly reduces it.(对大多数人来说，极限运动之所以是极限运动，仅仅是因为它们需要比普通人更多的技巧。一个运动员运用技巧和训练是一个极端的事情被提上日程。这并不能完全消除危险，但可以大大减少危险)”可知，第二段主要讨论了在极限运动中，运动员的技巧在保障自身安全的过程中是非常重要的。故选B。15推理判断题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choi

114、ce of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.(总之，是的，极限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情是我们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”可推知，作者对极限运动的看法是客观

115、的。故选B。16主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our reach of control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier

116、 risk choices.(总之，是的，极限运动是危险的，但危险取决于运动员，他们对运动的选择，他们采取的方向，以及环境。有些事情是我们无法控制的，而有些事情我们可以通过锻炼和更健康的风险选择来影响)”及前文论述可知，作者认为极限运动的危险和很多因素都有关，不能简单地把极限运动和危险等同起来。由此可知，Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?(极限运动真的那么危险吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。17A18B19D20D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论压力购物是否能真的减轻压力。17推理判断题。根据第二段“More than half of t

117、he 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma, head researcher of the study, said they have shopped to deal with feelings of stress or depression. About 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress shopping said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. About 82 percent of women spend on

118、clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead shopping for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men.(该研究的首席研究员Credit Karma调查了1000名消费者，其中超过一半的人表示，他们曾通过购物来缓解压力或抑郁。大约48%的男性和31%的女性在压力下购物，他们说他们在压力下会买酒。大约82%的女性会在服装上花钱，而男性的这一比例为52%。女性购买珠宝的比例为42%，男性为22%)”可推知，这些数字是为了说明很多人通过购物来缓解压力。故选A。

119、18细节理解题。根据第四段“Whether youre purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries having the items you need written down will provide you with brightness while shopping.(无论你是在买圣诞礼物还是买杂货，把你需要的东西写下来都会让你在购物时头脑清醒)”可知，可以记录支出帮助你应对压力购物。故选B。19推理判断题。根据第三段“However, stress shopping, for many, could grow into a dri

120、ve that uses up money, causes conflict, and therefore adds great stress to life.(然而，对许多人来说，压力购物可能会发展成一种消耗金钱、引起冲突的冲动，因此给生活增加了巨大的压力)”和第四段“Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression.(尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法)”可推知，作者对于

121、压力购物是否定的。故选D。20主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items.(根据密歇根大学的一项研究，通过购物来减压能给人40倍的控制感，购物的人比只看东西的人少三倍的悲伤)”和

122、第四段“Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression.(尽管购物能带来及时的快乐，但压力购物从来没有被证明是一种长期治愈压力或抑郁的方法)”可知，本文主要讨论压力购物是否能减轻压力。故选D。21A22C23A24D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯约翰逊和物理学家菲利普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。21推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum comput

123、ing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员

124、可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。22细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum compu

125、ter, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法

126、解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。23词义猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别

127、 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于的”。故选A。24主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps

128、to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据商业周刊报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know

129、. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.( PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯约翰逊和物理学家菲利普泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。25D26A27B28C【导语】本文是一篇议论

130、文。文章开篇提到世卫组织把游戏成瘾列为一种疾病，就“游戏真的会让人上瘾吗”这个问题，介绍了心理学家们给出的不同的观点，作者也对此发表了忠告。25细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On January 1 this year, gaming disorder in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). (今年1月1日，游戏障碍（这病）得到了世界卫生组织的认可。游戏障碍指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法

131、控制地玩游戏)”可知， 游戏上瘾被权威机构WHO认定为疾病。故选D项。26词句猜测题。根据前一句“Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. (游戏真的会让人上瘾吗？)”，划线词所在句“Those who dont think so say that this is just another moral panic. (那些不这么认为的人说，这只是又一次moral panic。)”，其中another指代众多类似当中的另外一个，根据下一句“Similar warnings have been given

132、about television, rocknroll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected. (对于电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说，甚至是填字游戏，人们也给出了类似的警告，但事实证明，它们并没有人们想象的那么有害。)”可知，当以上提及的电视、摇滚乐等出现在人们视野的时候，人们都认为它们对人类是有害的，并因此发出要抵制这些东西的警告，但是事实证明它们没有预想的那么有害，属于一场虚惊，只不过是人们的mora

133、l panic，可表达为“道德恐慌”，与A项“Wrong judgment on how harmful something is. (对某物危害性的错误判断。)”。故选A项。27细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“However, supporters argue that games developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. (然而，支持者认为，游戏开发者有动机和手段来设计他们的产品，使其具有极大的吸引力。)”，以及第五、六、七

134、句“For another, games-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game machines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players s

135、pending. (另一方面，游戏开发者将心理学理论和数据结合起来，这有助于他们最大化游戏时间。智能手机和现代电子游戏机使用它们的永久互联网连接将游戏玩法数据传回给开发者。通过这种方式，游戏会不断调整产品以鼓励玩家消费。)”可知，游戏开发者不但掌握游戏者心理，还实时掌握着游戏者的游戏数据，并根据这些数据对游戏进行调整，使游戏有新鲜感，使游戏者玩得停不下手。故选B项。28推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The gaming industry should realize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is

136、 growing. (游戏行业应该意识到，在现实世界中，它存在一个问题，而且这个问题正在加剧。)”，以及最后一句“Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, whether it is fairly or not, will not do the industry any good. (无论如何，在公众的心目中与赌博放在一起，无论公平与否，都不会给这个行业带来任何好处。)”可推知，作者在最后一段中向游戏业发出了警示：在现实世界中，游戏行业有着持续的问题，且人们将它与赌博业相提并论，这对这个行业发展无益。故选C项。29

137、B30A31C32C【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了电动汽车和燃油汽车哪个更环保。29细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity, theyre actually worse for the environment than gas-powered cars.”（研究小组发现，当电动汽车使用燃煤电力充电时，它们对环境的危害实际上比汽油动力汽车更严重。）可知，当电动汽车使用燃煤电力时，比汽油动力汽车造成的污染更严重。故选B项。30细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“In

138、 China, the national grid is improving with more investments in renewable energy. For example, it has twice as much wind energy capacity as the U.S. and it builds more solar panels per year than any other countries.”（在中国，随着对可再生能源的更多投资，国家电网正在改善。例如，中国的风能容量是美国的两倍，每年建造的太阳能电池板比其他任何国家都多。）可知，中国目前致力于发展可再生能源

139、，加大对可再生能源的投资，由此可知，目前中国大力推广的是可再生能源。故选A项。31细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Sheppard modelled a future in which all cars were electric. “We wanted to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles are electrified.” For example, Sheppard calculated that if all vehicles in the U.S. were electric, it would r

140、educe greenhouse-gas emissions by 46% every year.”（Sheppard建立了一个未来所有汽车都是电动的模式。“我们想了解如果所有乘用车都通电会是什么样子。”例如，Sheppard计算出，如果美国所有的汽车都是电动的，那么每年温室气体排放量将减少46%。）可知，Sheppard通过计算为电动汽车的未来建立模型。故选C项。32推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“In short, its far easier to argue in favor of buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle. But what abo

141、ut the cost? Arent electric vehicles too expensive for most people?”（简言之，支持购买电动汽车比支持汽油动力汽车要容易得多。但是费用呢？电动汽车对大多数人来说不是太贵了吗？）可知，最后一段提出一个问题，虽然电动汽车具有环保性，但太贵了，大多数人买不起，由此可知，文章接下来的段落讨论的可能是使电动汽车价格更合理的问题。故选C项。33C34C35A36D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了实体店现处的劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。33词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“The Internet is apparently ta

142、king down yet another industry.(显然，互联网正在摧毁另一个行业)”可知，作者描写“as frustrating as a tour of an ICU(就像参观重症监护室一样令人沮丧)”是为了更加生动形象地说明实体店糟糕的经营状况。故选C项。34主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Although many think the downfall of some physical stores arises from their failure to keep up with times, it doesnt fit the fact that they made eve

143、ry endeavour to reinvent themselves.(虽然很多人认为一些实体店的衰败是因为他们跟不上时代，但这并不符合他们竭尽全力重塑自我的事实)”以及下文实体店做出努力可知，第三段主要讲述了实体店为改善现状做出的巨大努力。故选C项。35推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Their narrow range of products catering to the needs of customers is their Achilles heel.(他们迎合顾客需求的产品种类有限，这是他们的致命弱点)”可知，苏宁缺少产品多样性。故选A项。36推理判断题。根据全文内容可，文章主要议论

144、了实体店在现在的诸多劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。文章最后一段“Despite the disadvantages physical stores are having, the brick and click competition wont disappear in the foreseeable future.(尽管实体店存在诸多劣势，但在可预见的未来，实体店和线上店之间的竞争不会消失)”有确定的观点。所以可以推断，本文在网站的“意见和观点”部分可以阅读到。故选D项。37A38B39A40A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了对财富的正确认识，有钱不一定富有，当志愿者与别人

145、分享时间、金钱、精力时，他们才是真正富有的人。37推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Perhaps the greatest lesson I share is that being rich isnt a dollar amount; it is a perception that includes happiness, peace of mind, comfort and security.(也许我分享的最重要的经验是，富有不是钱的数目；这是一种包括幸福、心灵舒适和安全感的感知)”可推断，作者对财富的理解是，它更多的是一种精神状态。故选A。38细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Donating you

146、r time makes you grateful for all that you have, and youll have the unmatched joy and excitement of knowing you made a huge impact for the good of others.(奉献你的时间会让你感激你所拥有的一切，你会拥有无与伦比的喜悦和兴奋，因为知道你为他人的利益产生了巨大的影响)”可知，花时间帮助别人会让一个人感激他已经拥有的一切。故选B。39主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“This has the added benefit of serving as a g

147、ood role model to your children.(这样做还有一个额外的好处，那就是给你的孩子树立一个好榜样)”及整段内容可知，本段的重点都是阐述做志愿服务的好处。故选A。40主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“As a financial adviser, my clients come to me seeking help with growing their wealth.(作为一名理财顾问，我的客户来向我寻求财富增长的帮助)”和最后一段中的“If “wealth” really is a perception of happiness, comfort and security, we must learn to get outside our own experience and understand what wealth means to other people.(如果“财富”真的是一种幸福、舒适和安全的感觉，我们必须学会走出自己的经验，了解财富对其他人意味着什么)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了对财富的正确认识，有钱不一定富有，当志愿者与别人分享时间、金钱、精力时，他们才是真正富有的人。由此可知，“A Road to Real Wealth in Life(通往真正财富的道路)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。