专题05 代词-2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全.docx

1、专题05 代词2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】 代词是历年高考的重要考点。分析多年来的高考真题不难看出，对代词的考查主要集中在语法填空的空格题和短文改错中。不过，在七选五和完形填空中，人称代词也常常以上下文的形式，对答案给出重要提示。【命题预测】预计2023年高考中代词依旧以语法填空和短文改错的形式出现。但是，命题者会更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握，例如上下文人称是否一致，单复数是否一致等。【复习建议】1.掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词和it的用法2.在精选专题训练中，强化对整体语境中代词的理解和训练，不要单纯的只看本句

2、话就定答案。【思维导图】考点一 （代词的分类）代词分为九大类，分别是：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词、相互代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：人称主格(主语)宾格(宾语)第一人称I; weme; us第二人称youyou第三人称he; she; it; theyhim; her; it; them2物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词n.的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：形容词性物主代词myouryourhishe

3、ritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs注意（1）形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。【典例剖析】(2022全国乙卷) Ecotourism has _ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。origin意为“起源”，空格处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词origin。【典例剖析】(2022全国卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice

4、 and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。设空处后面为名词plans，设空处需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词plans，故填its。（2）“of（介词）名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine（my fathers）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，ones own . . of

5、 ones own。(4)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。3指示代词this, that, these, those的用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完

6、成你的工作。He hurt his arm yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.他昨天伤了胳膊，那就是他为什么没来的原因。注意（1）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍；that用于询问对方；this和that还可以当副词用，相当于副词so，意为“这么；那么”。Hello. This is Jim speaking. Whos that？您好。我是吉姆，您是哪一位？The dictionary is about this thick.那本词典大约有这么厚。Can hard work change a person that much？繁重的工作能使人变化那么大吗

7、？（2）same也是常见的指示代词，注意前面要有定冠词the。(1)反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。人称代词Iyouheshetheyit反身代词myselfyourself/yourselveshimselfherselfthemselvesitselfYou shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.(宾语)你不应把孩子独自留在家里。I am not myself today.(表语)我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important.(同位语)事情本身并不重要。(2)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配：be

8、have oneself 举止良好seat oneself 坐下来devote oneself to 专心于come to oneself 苏醒过来dress oneself 自己穿衣；穿着，打扮help oneself to 随便吃，随便用by oneself独自地for oneself 亲自enjoy oneself 玩得愉快注意: 使用反身代词时，其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用，否则使用人称代词。限时练1单句语法填空Jim, can you work this Sunday?Why _？ Ive been working for two weeks on end.On my

9、 desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.Tom, _ (I) bike is broken. Would you please lend _ (you) to me?Sorry. _ (I) has been taken by Jack. You can ask him if you like.This is our room, and _ (you) is just across the hall.I want to tell you _： the English party will be held on Sa

10、turday afternoon.The weather of Beijing is colder than _ of Nanjing.I dont believe you. Did you see it _？It is not his fault. I cut _ with a knife.答案：mememy; yours; Mineyoursthisthatyourselfmyself注意：人称代词主要作主语和宾语，高考多考查上下文人称代词的不一致。考点二 （易混不定代词的区别）1one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别one代指可数

11、名词，单数，泛指ones代指可数名词，复数，泛指the one代指可数名词，单数，特指the ones代指可数名词，复数，特指that代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于the onethose代指可数名词，复数，特指(the ones)it上文中所提到的同一个事物The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一趟。His own experience was different from that of his friends.他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。I love springit

12、is a wonderful time of the year.我喜欢春天这是一年中一段美妙的时节。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。2the other, other, another, others的区别the otherthe other指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ., the other . “一个另一个”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”otherother不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可

13、修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指其他的全部人或事物时用the othersRecycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another.回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。3either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别either肯定意义表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词

14、常用单数both肯定意义表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数neither否定意义表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数all肯定意义表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致none否定意义表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数any肯定意义表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用Larry asks Bill and Peter to go for a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, beca

15、use they have work to do.拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like either of them very much.我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。4none, no one与nothing的区别(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。(2)nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。(3)no one/nobody指代人，表泛指，不

16、与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。I was going to offer you some cakes, but there is none left.我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。5each与every的区别(1)each强调“个体”，指“(两者或两者以上人或物中的)每个”，可与of短语搭配。(2)every强调“整体”，指“整体中的每一个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。Each of the boys wants to have a try. The boys each want to have a try.每个男孩都想试试。Every mother loves

17、 her children dearly.每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。6不定代词的部分否定与全部否定(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。None of us was going to the party.我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。(2)当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等以及“every名词”的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke.All of them dont smoke.

18、他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。Not everyone likes music.并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。7不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but 仅仅，只是anything but 决不something of 有几分，略微or something 诸如此类的人或物all but 几乎，差不多 every other day 每隔一天each other (两者)互相one another . (三者或三者以上)互相one ., the other . (两者中)一个另一个some ., others . 一些另一些限时练2单句语法填空There is a door at _ end o

19、f the corridor.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month.He raised one arm and then _.Some designs are better than _.Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ li

20、ke swimming as a means of keeping fit.Wow! Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.I have many books here, and you can take _ one.Im moving to the countryside, because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age.

21、【答案】：eitherneitheranotherthe otherothersnothingnoneanythatone考点三 （疑问代词what与which）1what的习惯用法用法例句What . for？和What for？用于询问原因和目的What did you put it into the soup for？It would improve the taste.你为什么把它放到汤里去？那会使汤的味道更好。Im going to the grocery store.What for? We still have enough food in the fridge.我打算去食品杂货

22、店。为什么？我们的冰箱里还有足够的食物。What if .？表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑What if he doesnt come tomorrow?要是他明天不来了怎么办？What do you mean (by .)？表示愤怒、不满等情绪What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly？你关门这么大声音是什么意思？What/How about .？用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况We need one more player.What about Lily? She is a very nice girl.我们还需要一个队员。李莉怎么样？她

23、是个很不错的姑娘。So what？那又怎么样呢？(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)He took the first place in the match！So what？他比赛得了第一名！那又怎么样？Guess what？你猜怎么着？(用以引起他人的注意)Guess what? Tom got married to Marry.你猜怎么着？汤姆和玛丽结婚了。Like what？比如说？I hope you will buy me a special gift for my birthday.Like what？我希望你为我买一份特殊的生日礼物。比如说？注意what与下列黑体名词的搭配。What i

24、s2which的特定用法在表示有范围的选择时，只能用which，切不可因汉语思维而误用who或what。There are several girls on the playground. Which is your sister?操场上有好几位女孩，哪个是你妹妹？限时练3单句语法填空I found two books on the desk. _ is yours?A ship in the harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for._ is the population of Zhejiang Province?_ do you

25、 prefer, desktops or laptops?_ do you mean, you thought I dont mind?【答案】：WhichwhatWhatWhichWhat易错点：一代词“格”的误用【误】It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.【正】It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.分析介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语，故I改

26、为me。二代词单复“数”的误用【误】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.【正】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.分析指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them，故him改为them。三代词词“性”的误用【误】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried a

27、bout her husbands whereabouts.【正】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husbands whereabouts.分析根据语境可知，担忧丈夫的是主语she，故he改为she。四反身代词与人称代词的误用或称谓指代误用(1)【误】He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.【正】He had a deep voice, which set hi

28、m apart from others in our small town.分析根据语境可知，which指代a deep voice，故此处不能用反身代词。(2)【误】Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.【正】Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.分析根据语境可知，“每个人”与“你自己”并非同一人称的指代。everyone的反身代词应为不知男女的第三人称，故将yourself改为himself or herself。五物主代词的误用【误】We took ours

29、 fishing poles and headed for the lake.【正】We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.分析修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词，故ours改为our。注意造成以上错误的原因是对常见代词的用法掌握不牢。应加强对考点一的学习。另外，平时学习特别是写作时要格外留心此方面的知识。六功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用(1)【误】We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic

30、rules.【正】We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.分析此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of . 充当形式宾语，故think后要加it。句意：我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。(2)【误】As you would expect, Chinas Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.【正】As you would

31、expect, Chinas Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.分析it特指同一事物，that特指单数同类事物，根据语境可知it应改为that。句意：正如你预想的，中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。注意it是高频考点，除了要掌握it的基本用法外，还应多记忆和it有关的词组、句式及特殊用法。【牛刀小试】 单句填空 1. (2022全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for o

32、nly half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.2. (2022江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _ (what)3. (2022天津高考)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier

33、than _ (that) who are not.4. By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food. 5. A few hours earlier, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog. 6. The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying _ (she) in the magazine in the hands.7. My father kept _(him) word and treate

34、d me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.8. I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without _(he) help I would never have got this far.9. She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Pahlsson.【答案】：1. it 2. whatever 3.those 4. its 5. its 6.herself 7.his 8. his 9.myself单项选择1_ could be judged from he

35、r eyes that she was terribly sorry for _ he had done.AAs; whatBIt; whatCWhat; thatDThat; that2Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.AoneBonesCthatDthose3Living in the north, I prefer a local university to_in the south, for it is convenient to go back

36、home.AthatBitConeDthis4The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _ made by Japanese students in English study.AitBthatConesDthose5The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and _ of his neighbouring countries.AthoseBthatCitDthe ones6Most of the

37、top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, that different cultures should coexist with tolerance.Athe oneBthe onesConesDone7 Can I help you, sir? Well, I intend to purchase a gift for my buddys wedding anniversary, _ at a proper price, but of great value.AwhichBthatConeDit8Students

38、in Shuang Ling Middle School think _ vital to learn English well, so they make good use _ their spare time to study it hard.Athis; withBthat; ofCit; ofD/; for9No visitor would think _ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.AthatBitCthisDwhat10I dont think _ possible for little Ju

39、lia to walk around without any assistance.But she made it.AthisBsheCthatDit11Adolescents need adults to guide them; otherwise, _ is easy for them to get into trouble.AthatBwhichCitDwhat12Have you made clear when and where the meeting is to be held?Not yet.AthemBthatCthisDit13Can I come today or tomo

40、rrow?_is OK. Im busy today and tomorrow.AEitherBNeitherCEachDNone14Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing. AwhichBoneCthatDit15To know more about the Summer Palace, you can use the Internet or

41、go to the library, or _.AneitherBsomeCallDboth16 Have you booked a table, madam? Yes, weve booked _ for two. The name is Morrison.AitBthatCthisDone17_ is required that by no means _ he betray his motherland even if he lacks money or rights.AWhat; canBIt; couldCIt; shouldDWhat; could18_ is a fact tha

42、t English people and American people share a lot of customs.AThereBItCThatDthat19You oughtnt to have gone out without a coat yesterday. It isnt surprising _ you caught a cold.AwhetherBwhyChowDthat20Some babies began talking as early as six months; _ dont speak until they are more than two years old.

43、AothersBthe otherCthe othersDanother21To improve my spoken English, I make _ to recite a passage of English every day.Aa ruleBa rule thatCit a ruleDa rule it is22Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as_ learned by yourself.AoneBthatCthoseDthis23Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable pre

44、sents, _ that I had never seen.AonesBoneCthoseDthe ones24Video footage circulated by state media showed gray smoke emerging from the crash site and _appeared to be a wing fragment lying along the side of a mountain trail with the Chinese characters for “China Eastern” partly visible.AwhichBthatCwhat

45、Das25It seemed so sad that the two, who had been lovers, pretended not to recognize _ when they met in the street.AneitherBthe otherCeach otherDanother26In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.AthisBthatCthereDit27_ in the office had made a mistake, and th

46、e firm regretted causing the customers inconvenience.ANoneBAnyoneCOneDSomeone28Bob isnt feeling very well today. He has caught a cold.Everybody seems to have _, owing to the sudden change of weather.AoneBitCthatDanother29Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach t

47、o educating their children compared with _of their parents.AthoseBthatCthe onesDthese30I dont mind what kind of car it is. I just want _ that gets me there.AthoseBoneCthatDones【参考答案】1B【详解】考查it作形式主语和宾语从句。句意：从她的眼睛里可以看出，她对他的所作所为感到非常难过。分析句子结构可知，第一空为it作形式主语，后面的that引导的是主语从句作真正的主语，且空格位于句首，首字母要大写，所以第一空选择It；

48、第二空引导的是宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，从句中缺少done的宾语，结合句意，空处指的是“事件”，所以第二空选择what。故选B项。2B【详解】考查不定代词。句意：汽车确实会给我们带来一些健康问题事实上，比手机更严重。根据句意可知，此处应用ones指代复数名词problems，ones前面往往有前置定语；those指代复数，但一般使用后置定语；AC两项指代单数。故选B项。3C【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：住在北方，比起南方的大学，我更喜欢当地的大学，因为回家更方便。A. that那个；B. it它；C. one一个；D. this这个。空格处用one指代前面的可数名词的单数形式“a loc

49、al university”，故选C。4D【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：在英语学习中，中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。A.it它；B.that那个；C.ones某人或某物；D.those那些。分析句意及句子结构可知，those代替前面提到的可数名词复数，表示特指；空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误，且为复数概念，应填those。故选D。5B【详解】考查代词。句意：来自肯尼亚的交换生经常和我们分享他的国家以及他的邻国的新闻。Athose 替代特指的可数复数名词；Bthat替代特指单数可数名词或不可数名词；C. it用作代词，代替单数可数名词；D. the one替代特指的可数

50、单数名词。句中news是不可数名词，所以填空的内容是指前面的the news。故选B。6D【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：大多数最高领导人在联合国会议上表达了一个共同愿望，即不同的文化应相容并存。A. the one用于指代一个确定的名词，相当于 the+单数名词；B. the ones用于指代特定的一些，相当于 those；C. ones代替一些不特别指定的名词，相当于一个不带冠词的复数名词；D. one所代替的名词，是一个不特指的名词，相当于aan+名词。句中代指a desire，是同位语，所以用不定代词one代指。故选D。7C【详解】考查代词。句意：先生，我能帮你吗？嗯，我打算为我朋友的

51、结婚纪念日买一份礼物，一份价格合适，但价值很高的）礼物。空后不是句子，不能用连词引导，排除A；结合句意可知，空后意为“一份（价格合适，但价值很高的）礼物”，泛指一份礼物，用代词one作名词a gift的同位语，BD表特指。故选C项。8C【详解】考查形式宾语和介词。句意：双陵中学的学生认为学好英语至关重要，所以他们充分利用业余时间努力学习英语。第一空用形式宾语it指代真正的宾语to learn English well；第二空为固定短语make good use of (好好利用)。故选C项。9B【详解】考查it用法。句意：没有游客会对该岛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产感到惊讶。此处为动词+ i

52、t +adj.+ that-从句，该句式中，it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。故选B。10D【详解】考查代词。句意：我认为小茱莉亚在没有任何帮助的情况下不可能四处走动。但是她做到了。分析句子结构可知，think后缺少宾语，真正的宾语为to walk around without any assistance，此处用it作形式宾语。故选D项。11C【详解】考查代词。句意：青少年需要成年人的引导；否则，他们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少句子的主语，真正的主语为不定式to get into trouble，空处用it作形式主语。故选C项。12D【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：你是否明

53、确了会议举行的时间和地点？还没有。用it充当形式宾语，when and where the meeting is to be held是真正宾语。故选D项。13B【详解】考查不定代词。句意：我可以今天来还是明天来?都不行。我今天和明天都很忙。A. Either两者中任一个；B. Neither两者都不；C. Each每一个；D. None没有一个（三者及以上）。根据“Im busy today and tomorrow.”可知，今天和明天哪一天都不行。故选B。14B【详解】考查不定代词。句意：要了解一个国家的文化习惯，尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化，是很困难的。A. which指

54、代物；B. one一个；C. that指代人或物；D. it它。通过句子结构判断，整句话中只有一个谓语动词is，所以不能使用从句的引导词，排除A和C，同时it指代的是同类同物，表示特指，不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，one作为同位语，泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰，使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。15D【详解】考查不定代词。句意：要了解更多关于颐和

55、园的信息，你可以上网或去图书馆，或者两者兼而有之。A. neither两者都不；B. some一些；C. all（三者及以上）全部；D. both两者都。根据句意可知，句中指可以上网或去图书馆查找资料，或者既上网，又去图书馆，两者兼而有之，“both”意为“两者都”，符合语境。故选D项。16D【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：女士，您预订桌子了吗？是的，我们订了两人一桌。名字叫莫里森。A. it特指上文提到的特定事物；B. that特指上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；C. this指代下文所提到的；D. one泛指，指代前面提到的同类人或物（可数名词）中的一个。根据句意，此处指代上文提到的“

56、table”，但说话人只知道自己订了一张桌子，并不知道具体是哪一张，是泛指，应用代词one指代。故选D项。17C【详解】考查it的用法和虚拟语气。句意：他被要求决不背叛自己的祖国，即使他缺乏金钱和权利。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型It is required that sb/sth (should) do.，此处It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，是真正的主语，且从句用虚拟语气，从句中by no means “决不”置于句首，从句需用部分倒装，将情态动词should提至主语前，故选C项。18B【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗。根据句意，英国人和美国人有很多

57、共同的习俗是一个事实，that引导的从句为句子的真正主语，为主语从句，空处用it作形式主语，放在句首，首字母应大写。故选B项。19D【详解】考查固定句型。句意：昨天你不应该不穿外套就出去。你感冒了，这并不奇怪。此处为it be adj. that.，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。故选D。20A【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：有些婴儿早在六个月大的时候就开始说话了；还有一些孩子直到两岁多才会说话。A. others其他人；B. the other两个人或物中的另一个；C. the others剩余的全部；D. another另一。此处与上文some构成someothers结构，表示“一

58、些另一些”。故选A。21C【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：为了提高我的英语口语，我每天背诵一段英语作为常规。分析句子可知，此处考查it作形式宾语，不定式to recite a passage of English是真正的宾语。故选C。22B【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的任何东西对你的影响都比不上你自己学到的东西。A. one一个人，表示泛指；B. that那个，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的单数名词或者不可数名词以及代词；C. those那些，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的复数名词；D. this这个。此处指代nothing，上文nothing的修饰词是“taught by o

59、thers ”，此处nothing的修饰词是“learned by yourself”，同类不同物。故选B。23A【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：张先生给了我许多贵重的礼物，这些礼物都是我从未见过的。作前面复数名 presents的同位语，所以用复数代词。ones泛指，替代前面出现的复数名词。those特指，替代前面出现的同类名词，但不是同一个物体。the ones特指前面出现的复数名词，相当于the +复数可数名词，相当于those。根据句意可知，此处泛指张先生送的一类礼物，所以用代词ones。故选A。24B【详解】考查代词。句意：官方媒体播放的视频画面显示，坠机现场冒出灰色烟雾，那似乎是一

60、块机翼碎片，它躺在一条山道的一侧，部分可见“东方航空”字样。A.which哪一个；B.that那；C.what什么；D.as作为。分析句子的结构可知，and连接并列句子，空格处是后一分句的主语，特指指代上句的“gray smoke ”，不可数，应用that。故选B。25C【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：这两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时，竟假装不认识，这真叫人伤心。A. neither两者都不；B. the other两者之间另外一个；C. each other互相，彼此；D. another三者以上另外一个。根据“It seemed so sad”可知，此处表示两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时假

61、装彼此不认识。故选C。26D【详解】考查it用法。句意：事实上，在一场重要的足球比赛中维持秩序对警察来说是一项艰难的工作。此处为it be.for sb. to do sth.句型，it作形式主语。故选D。27D【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：办公室里有人犯了错误，公司后悔给顾客造成了不便。A. None没有人；B. Anyone任何人；C. One一个人；D. Someone某人。此处表示“不确定的某个人”，应用someone。故选D。28A【详解】考查代词。句意：鲍勃今天感觉不太舒服。他感冒了。由于天气的突然变化，每个人似乎都感冒了。根据句意分析，此处表示泛指a cold，表示“Every

62、body seems to have a cold”意义为：每个人都感冒了。需用代词one。故选A项。29B【详解】考查代词。句意：十分之九的父母表示，他们与父母在教育孩子的方法上存在显著差异。A. those那些；B. that那个；C. the ones那个；D. these这些。特指上文中提到过的their approach to educating their children应用that。故选B。30B【详解】考查代词。句意：我不介意它是什么样的车。我只想要一辆能把我带到那里的。结合句意，泛指同类中的一个或一些用one或ones；that引导的定语从句对空处代词进行修饰限定，根据谓语

63、动词gets判断先行词是单数。故选B。【真题实战】单句改错1(2022全国卷)“Not that way，” my mom tried to stop us but failed. _2(2022全国卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China._3(2021全国卷)But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation

64、._4(2020全国卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them. _5(2020全国卷)I had done myself homework but I was shy._6(2020全国卷)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school._【答案】：1.usme 2.yoursyour/you 3.heshe 4.yourselvesthemselves 5.myselfmy 6.allboth或去掉all