专题06特殊句式之虚拟语气-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练.docx

1、专题06 特殊句式之虚拟语气-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练高中虚拟语气的主要考察题型考察题型考察方式语法填空虚拟语气可能会考察1道题，有时候是让学生填写虚拟语气中特殊的时态形式，有时候是让学生填写虚拟语气的引导词，类似于if/in case/as if/ as though/if only/without/but for或者It is time that.句式等等。比如说语法填空中“There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I_had_(have) a second chance to become more involve

2、d.”这句话考察的是wish引导的虚拟语气。再比如说“Its strange that he_should_have taken the books without the owners permission.”这句话考察的是It 作为形式主语的含有虚拟语气的主语从句。再比如说“The workers were not better organized, otherwise they_would have accomplished_(accomplish)the task in half the time.”这句话考察的是otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟语气。书面表达学生能够成功地在应用文写作

3、和读后续写中用上1-2句虚拟语气可以起到美化文章的作用。比如说应用文写作中“Therefore, its time that we took immediate action to change the situation. ”运用了It is time that .引导的虚拟语气。再比如说读后续写中“If the rescue team had arrived later, I wouldnt have made it. Taz is my loyal friend well always have a special bond. ”运用了if 引导的条件虚拟语气。高中虚拟语气的主要考察点

4、if引导的虚拟语气三种情况以及倒装形式 错综条件虚拟语气 含蓄虚拟语气 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。例如: If I were you, I should work hard. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。例如: If I had seen her yesterday, I would have told you about it.下面具体讲解以上表格中的6种考察点：一、if引导的虚拟语气三种情况以及倒装形式-

5、 虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从 句主 句例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have +过去分词If I had been free,I would have visited you.与将来事实相反 动词过去式 should+动词原形 were to +动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形If it should rain t

6、omorrow, we would not go camping.在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。二、错综条件虚拟语气- 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，我们称之为错综条件虚

7、拟语气。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。三、含蓄虚拟语气- 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。常见单词有with,without,but, otherwise,or,but for等等，我们称之为含蓄虚拟语气。But for air and water,

8、 there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help相当于虚拟条件句)四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法- （1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should+动词原形”结构

9、，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。如: It is necessary that every student (should) work hard.（2）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法A.在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。例如:I wish I could argue with you.2） 表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用had十过去分词。例如: I wish I hadnt become so conscious of every

10、 little change.3) 表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。例如: I wish it would stop raining.B.在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。例如: I request that he should leave.【注意】suggest意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should可以省。insist意为

11、“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should可以省。总结：常见此类动词有：一个 “坚持”（insist）两个 “命令”（order, demand）三个 “建议”（advise, suggest, propose）四项 “要求”（demand, require, request, ask）C. would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。 一般过去时表示现在或者将来 would rather +that(从句) 过去完成时表示过去的动作例如: John wants to see me today. I would rat

12、her he came tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)例如: I would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。 五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法- （1）在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如: Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard. （2）由as if或as though

13、引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had+过去分词”例如: Dont treat me as if I were a child. 【注意】如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。（3）在lest或for fear that引导的目的状语从句中例如: We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby. 我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。（4）辨析if only 和only if的用法only if 引起的条件状语从句，表示“只有(才) ；只有在的时候；唯一的条

14、件是”的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强语气的作用，主句需倒装。例如：Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。if only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as，常用虚拟语气。例如：If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！六、虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法- 在It is high time (that) .

15、句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。例如: Its (high) time we did housework.【基础练习】一、完成句子1. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone.She_（一定经受了）a lot of hardships. (go) 2. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you_ （就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (

16、see) 3. It is demanded that the books_（须归还）the school library within two weeks. (return) 4. It is suggested that_（运动会推迟）till next Friday. (put off) 5. Were_（下雨）tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain) 6. I supported him in time, otherwise he_ bike.（从自行车上摔下来）(fall) 7. Which doctor_（你建议派来）immedi

17、ately? (suggest) 8. It_ (一定下着大雨)when he got back home, for he was wet all over. (rain) 9. _（如果他不努力）so hard, he wouldnt have passed the exam.(work) 10. You_（本不需要）a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take) 11. You_ (最好没责备) her. After all, she did her best. (better). 12. What a pity! We_ (宁愿

18、听取) our teachers advice yesterday.(would rather) 13. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He_ (不可能) Beijing. (go) 14. We_ (还是好) stay where we are. (may) 15. I_ (本想参加) your party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. (would like) 【答案】1. must have gone through2. would have seen the beautiful tower3.

19、 should be returned to4. sports meeting (should) be put off5. it to rain6. would have fallen off7. do you suggest be sent for8. must have been raining9. Hadnt he studied10. neednt have taken11. had better not have scolded12. would rather have worked13. couldnt have gone to14. may as well15. would li

20、ke to have attended二、句子翻译1._如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。2._倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。3._要是校长来的话，我们会对他说什么。4._如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。5._如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。6._没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。7._他一定是去过徐州，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。8._重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。9._我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。10._真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。【答案】1.If I had known your telepho

21、ne number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.2.The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs.3.If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him.4.If you hadnt watched TV yesterday, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.5.If they had left home early

22、 this morning, they would arrive in half an hour.6.He would not get such a result without your help.7.He must have been to Xuzhou, or he never could know the place so well.8.It is important that we (should) work out a study plan.9.My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as often as

23、possible.10.It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings.【补充习题】一、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。On the final day of my high school，I was hit in the face with a baseball bat. As my classmate 41 at the ball with all his strength，the bat slipped out of his hands and cam

24、e flying toward me before 42 me directly between my eyes. I have no memory of the moment of 43 .When I opened my eyes, l saw people 44 at me and running over to help. Shocked and 45 , I was unaware of how severely I had been injured.Shortly after arriving at the local hospital, my body began 46 . I

25、struggled with basic 47 like swallowing and breathing. So the doctors decided the local hospital was 48 to handle the situation and 49 me a helicopter to fly me to a larger hospital.The following months were hard. It felt like everything in my life was a 50 . I had double vision for weeks and I 51 c

26、ouldnt see straight. But I was determined not to let my injury get me down. Although the path of recovery was not 52 , I managed to get my life in order. With constant efforts, I even became a college athlete and played professionally to 53 my potential.The experience taught me a 54 lesson: what doe

27、snt beat you makes you stronger. We all deal with 55 but in the long run, the quality of our lives often depends on the attitude towards setbacks in life. 41.A. aimed B. swung C. pointed D. grabbed42.A. striking B. interrupting C. wrapping D. embracing43.A. impression B. image C. invitation D. impac

28、t44.A. laughing B. shouting C. calling D. staring45.A. bored B. amused C. confused D. disappointed46.A. taking off B. breaking out C. opening up D. shutting down47.A. functions B. roles C. rights D. skills48.A. uninvited B. uninterested C. unmanned D. unequipped49.A. assisted B. ordered C. commanded

29、 D. instructed50.A. chance B. hit C. mess D. balance51.A. barely B. literally C. immediately D. purposely52.A. broad B. traditional C. smooth D. remote53.A. record B. change C. adopt D. realize54.A. creative B. critical C. bitter D. cheerful55.A. challenges B. outcomes C. opportunities D. experience

30、s【答案】41-45 BADDC 46-50 DADBC 51-55 BCDBA二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A seminar (研讨会) was held in Beijing recently. According to its report, the Chinese TV series 56 (adapt) of Liu Cixins Three-Body Problem, the first Asian novel to win the Hugo Award, has gained popularity overseas.Statistics s

31、how that 57 series has gained a rating of 7.9 out of 10 on the foreign review company IMDb and has accumulated 5 million views on YouTube, one of the 58 (popular) video platforms in the world.Gao Changli, director-general of the TV drama department at the National Radio and Television Administration

32、, said that the drama contains a lot of thoughts and knowledge 59 (inspire) by Chinas traditional philosophy and culture， 60 (offer) a distinctive edge for homegrown tales in the worlds sci-fi landscape. He also mentioned that the drama has been 61 preparation and production for seven years and has

33、done a good job of bringing to life the typical 62 (scene) described in the novel.Producers have also revealed that currently they 63 (produce)Three-Body II: The Dark Forest, 60 is the second episode in Liu Cixins Remembrance of Earths Past trilogy. Meanwhile, more quality works will be produced to

34、65 (positive) publicize Chinese culture in the overseas markets.【答案】56.adaptation 57. the 58. most popular 59. inspired 60. offering61.in 62. scenes63. are producing 64. which65. positively三、七选五Tibetan New Year,also known as Losar,is the most important festival in Tibet and is celebrated for 15 days

35、,typically falling in February or March._16_The celebrations include a range of customs and traditions that reflect the unique culture and identity of the Tibetan people.Before the arrival of the New Year,Tibetans engage in thorough cleaning of their homes and surroundings._17_They also make offerin

36、gs to the gods and ancestors to seek blessings for the upcoming year. Decorating homes and public places is a common custom during Losar. In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns, and their hair is styled in fashion._18_Traditional dishes such as momos,a type of steamed dumpling

37、 filled with meat or vegetables, and Tibetan butter tea, made from yak butter and tea leaves,are served.Sweet treats like Tibetan butter cookies and dried fruit are also enjoyed.Tibetan people offer prayers and make offerings to the gods and deities during Losar. The offerings typically include food

38、,incense and flowers._19_Music and dance are part of the Losar celebrations. Villagers gather in public spaces and dance around bonfires, singing and playing traditional instruments._20_People gather in public spaces and light incense and candles while offering food, drinks and other items to the go

39、ds. This is followed by the ceremony of throwing Tsampa, a roasted barley flour,into the air as a symbol of letting go of the past year and embracing new beginnings.The customs of Tibetan New Year are deeply rooted in the culture and traditions of the Tibetan people.A.In 2023,Tibetan New Year fell o

40、n Feb 21. B.Using them,people show gratitude to the elderly people. C.In the festival, people hold various events to celebrate it. D.These offerings are believed to bring good luck to people. E.This practice is to get rid of bad luck in the previous year. F.The Losar celebrations come to an end with a grand ceremony. G.During the New Year,Tibetans enjoy feasts with their family and friends.【答案】16-20 AEGDF