专题08形容词和副词-2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全.docx

1、专题08 形容词和副词2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】 形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点。分析多年来的高考真题不难看出，对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在语法填空的有词填空和短文改错中。但是在完形填空中，对形容词词义的考查也是重点命题项目。【命题预测】预计2023年高考中对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以语法填空和短文改错以及完形填空中。但是，命题者会更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握。【复习建议】1.掌握形容词和副词的基础意思2.掌握名词变形容词和形容词变为副词的变化规律3.增强分析句子成分和句子结构及推理词性的能力【思维导图】考点一 （形容词的基本语法功能）(

2、1)形容词作定语一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前。It didnt make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasnt a smooth operation like iceskating.它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。a形容词作定语修饰由some，any，every，no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。She must

3、have met something dangerous.她肯定遇到了危险。b一些表语形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的后面，如alive, alike, awake, asleep, alone等。In the American continents, Canada and Argentina alone have succeeded.在美洲大陆，只有加拿大和阿根廷已取得成功。c形容词短语作定语时要后置，这些形容词短语大多由“形容词介词短语/不定式短语”构成。It is a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难解决的问题。He is a boy good at sp

4、orts.他是个擅长体育运动的男孩。d由and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时要后置。There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简朴而美丽。She has many pencils, blue and red.她有许多铅笔，有蓝的和红的。(2)形容词作表语通常情况下，在系动词之后用形容词作表语，系动词有以下几种：状态系动词：be(is/am/are/was/were)变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, go, come, fall持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand感官系动

5、词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound终止系动词：prove, turn out表象系动词：seem, appearThe boy fell ill last night.昨晚那个男孩病倒了。Our country becomes stronger and stronger.我们国家变得越来越强大。(3)形容词作宾补形容词作宾语补足语时，可以表示宾语的性质、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果。Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.请保持教室干净、整洁。Who left the door open?谁没有关门？I think i

6、t very interesting.我认为它很有趣。(4)形容词作状语形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写。He returned from war, safe and sound.他安然无恙地从战争中归来。He came over, eager to help.He came over and (he) was eager to help.他走过来，急于想帮忙。注意of抽象名词抽象名词对应的形容词，如of importanceimportant。考点二 （副词的基本语法功能）(1)副词作状语副词主要用来修饰动词、形容

7、词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。His speech directly affected the strike.(修饰动词)他的演讲直接影响了罢工。He is very diligent.(修饰形容词)他非常勤奋。You can find books on that subject quite easily.(修饰副词)你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。Luckily she was in when I called.(修饰句子)幸运的是，当我打电话的时候她在家。注意(1)形容词与副词作状语时的区别形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果；而副词作状语时，表示方式。After the long journ

8、ey， the three of them went back home， hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。有些副词置于句首，可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Luckily， her stepmother was kind to her.幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。(2)副词修饰整个句子时，有两种常见的情况表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词有therefore， however， otherwise， furthermore， nevertheless等。Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow.因此，

9、我们明天还得来这儿一趟。表示评述或说话人的态度。常见的此类副词有importantly, luckily, fortunately, unfortunately, strangely等。Unfortunately, he failed again.不幸的是，他又失败了。(3)频率副词及enough作状语的位置频率副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。(never放在助动词have之后)He usually reads books.他经常读书。(usually放在行为动词reads之前)enough放在

10、所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。He isnt old enough to join the army.他还不到参军的年龄。(enough修饰形容词old，放在old之后)(2)副词作表语表示位置的副词(above, across, inside, upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征；表示动作方向的副词(up, down, on, in, off, out等)作表语时含有动作意义。Isnt he up yet?他还没起床吗？Im sorry but he is not in.对不起，他不在家。即时练1单句语法填空A career in law is becoming increasi

11、ngly _ (attract) to young people.The book provides _ (value) information on recent trends.Im _ (true) sorry that things had to end like this.We are all _ (entire) responsible for our actions.【答案】：attractivevaluabletrulyentirely考点三 （形容词、副词的级别）1形容词和副词原级的用法类似用法的词：Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟

12、昨天一样忙。Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。How clever a student he was when he was a child!当他小的时候他是一个多么聪明的学生啊！考点四 （形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则）规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词末一般直接加er和estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词以e结尾，只加r和stbravewidebraverwiderbravestwidest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estbighotb

13、iggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和mostdifficultexpensivemore difficultmore expensivemost difficultmost expensive少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest注意(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：com

14、mon, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。(2)有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, much(许多的)moremostlittleles

15、sleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意(1)further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。further education(深造)，further information(进一步的信息)。(2)elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)。(2)形容词和副词的比较级结构aA谓语形容词/副词比较级thanB。You look much younger tha

16、n I do.你看起来比我年轻得多。bA谓语less形容词/副词原级thanB为否定比较，意为“A不及/不如B”。This computer is less expensive than mine.这台计算机没我的贵。c隐性条件下的比较级用法，即：在句中没有比较级标志性词than，而是通过语境来分辨是否用比较级。These pianos in the other shop are cheaper, but not as good.在另一家店的钢琴便宜一些，但没这么好。(3)形容词和副词的最高级用法a表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the最高级比较范围(如of all, of the t

17、hree, in the world等)”，表示“是中最的”，前面一般加定冠词the; 副词最高级修饰动词，前面可不加the。He runs fastest of the three.三个人中他跑得最快。b“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数形式比较范围”，表示“中最的之一”。New York is one of the biggest cities in America.纽约是美国最大的城市之一。注意“themost形容词原级”表示“最”，句中通常要有比较范围；而“amost形容词原级”不表示比较，most相当于very。Tom is the most diligent stude

18、nt in his class.汤姆是他班里最勤奋的学生。He told us a most amusing story yesterday.他昨天给我们讲了一个非常好笑的故事。考点五 （形容词、副词级别相关句式）1“the形容词/副词比较级，the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越就越”The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越努力，你取得的进步就越大。2the比较级of the two (名词)The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中高个的是我哥哥。3否定词与比较级连用表

19、示最高级I have never spent a more worrying day since I graduated.自从我毕业以来，这是我度过的最担心的一天。注意(1)类似用法的结构：cant/couldnt . tooadj./adv.cant/couldnt . adj./adv.enough 表示“无论也不为过”。(2)英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior, junior, superior, inferior等。4“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越”在“比较级and比较级”结构中，单音节

20、形容词或副词用“形容词/副词erand形容词/副词er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more形容词或副词原级”结构。Things are getting better and better day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。5倍数表达法倍数表达法的几种常见结构：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofB(4)

21、The名词(size, length, height等)ofA is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句注意(1)修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather， much， still， even， far， by far (后置)， a lot， a little， a great deal， a bit等。The students study even harder than before.学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。单句写作越忙，他就感觉越快乐。_ he is

22、, _ he feels.这两个男孩子谁年长些？Who is _ two boys?我从没看过比这部更好的电影。Ive _ film than this one.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。The production is now _ ten years ago.【答案】：The busier; the happierthe older of thenever seen a betterthree times what it was考点六 （形容词ly构成副词的规则）情况构成例词一般情况加lyquickquickly，bravebravely，immediateimmediately以辅音字母

23、y结尾将y改为i再加lyeasyeasily, happyhappily，heavyheavily, busybusily以le结尾去e加ysimplesimply，gentlegently以元音字母e结尾去e加lytruetruly以ll结尾只加yfullfully, dulldully以ic结尾加allybasicbasically，scientificscientifically注意(1)注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly/drily冷淡地goodwell好地(2)注意以ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely可爱的li

24、vely精力充沛的 lonely孤独的deadly致命的 monthly每月的yearly每年的 daily每日的weekly每周的三、几组易混副词的区别1表原意(无ly)和抽象概念(有ly)的副词2有无ly意义大不相同的副词【牛刀小试】单句语法填空1.The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site _ (suit) for them as well.2.Almost all the fables he wrote are _ (humor) and entertaining, appe

25、aling to people of all ages.3.I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the _ (competition) working market.4.Learning signals of respect in various _ (culture) backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding.5.Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _ (equal) respect

26、ed.6.The numbers are _ (particular) high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.7.The more he talked, the _ (angry) he became.8.This film is _ (interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.9.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink _ (little) beer.10.There have been some problems but _ (

27、basic) its a good system.【答案】：1.suitable2.humorouspetitive4.cultural5.equally6.particularly 7.angrier 8.more interesting 9.less 10.basically【真题实战】单句改错1(2022全国卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. _2(2022全国卷)Im surely youll have a good time._3(2022全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it ag

28、ain, such that we can practice together every day._4(2022全国卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident._5(2022全国卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._6(2022全国卷)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting t

29、he late music albums._【答案】：1.simplysimple 2.surelysure 3.suchso 4.interestinginterested 5.largerlarge 6.latelatest【真题实战】单句填空1(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is _ (extreme) challenging.2(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved, _ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being s

30、ilently reflected in the water.3(2020天津高考)According to Professor Johnson, we dont have to read the book if we dont want to, as it is _ (option)4(2020山东高考)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.5(2019全国卷)Scientists have re

31、sponded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. 6(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining _ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. 【答案】：1.extremely 2.gently 3.optional 4.wealthy 5.higher 6.so