专题09非谓语动词（讲义）（解析版）.docx

1、专题09 非谓语动词(讲义)目 录考点 非谓语动词 -1页 -1页 -2页【真题研析规律探寻】-2页考向1 考查分词作定语-3页考向2 考查分词作状语-4页考向3 考查分词作宾语补足语和表语-5页考向4 考查不定式作目的状语-7页考向5 考查不定式作宾语补足语-7页考向6 考查不定式作定语-8页考向7 考查不定式作主语、宾语和表语-9页考向8 考查动名词-10页【核心提炼考向探究】-10页1非谓语动词的形式及意义-10页2 非谓语动词作状语-11页3非谓语动词作定语-12页4非谓语动词作宾语-13页5非谓语动词作宾补-14页6主非谓语动词作主语和表语-15页非谓语动词考点的解题关键-16页【题

2、型特训命题预测】-19页预测考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语-19页预测考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语-20页预测考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语-20页预测考向4 考查不定式作主语、宾语和表语-21页预测考向5 考查动名词作主语、宾语-22页考点 非谓语动词考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考非谓语动词考向分布。题型语法填空高考考点非谓语动词（考查的具体内容展示）分词不定式动名词新高考I卷2023wanting现在分词作宾补recognized过去分词作后置定语to bite不定式作宾语to be lifted动词不定式作宾语补足语2022Covering现在分词作状语to increase

3、目的状语2021astonished过去分词作宾补新高考II卷2023visiting现在分词作定语2022falling现在分词作定语to see目的状语2021thinking现在分词作状语excited过去分词作表语to educate目的状语新高考浙江卷2023年1月surrounded过去分词作定语2022年1月to continue不定式作宾语2022年6月to do作宾补2021年1月living现在分词作定语studied过去分词作定语2021年7月 to plant 目的状语总结高考考点，探究非谓语动词的命题规律。近年来，高考非谓语动词主要考查：分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语；

4、不定式作目的状语、作定语和宾语补足语；偶尔考查动名词的用法。考点要求考题统计考情分析现在分词3年6考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，非谓语动词主要集中考查：分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语；不定式作目的状语、作定语和宾语补足语；偶尔考查动名词的用法。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查分词作状语，作定语，作宾补；不定式作目的状语，不定式作定语，不定式作宾补。过去分词3年5考不定式3年8考动名词3年0考考向1 考查分词作定语1.（2023新高考卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food histo

5、rians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long baos birthplace.【答案】recognized【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词

6、作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花a retired worker: 退休工人an escaped prisoner: 逃犯a returned student: 归国留学生2.(2023年新高考卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often c

7、ome to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。3.（20231月新高考浙江卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _ _ (surround)in concentr

8、ic(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.【答案】surrounded【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。4. （2022新高考卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging f

9、rom a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _ (fall) child.【答案】falling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主

10、动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。高频再现表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。5.（2021浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people _ _ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of incom

11、e and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】living【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。考向2 考查分词作状语1.（2023全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years

12、, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.【答案】Having visited【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故

13、本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。1作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。3若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。2.（2023全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seem

14、ingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.【答案】borrowing【解析】考查现在分词。句意:从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的言语。her fable和borrow之间是主谓关系,应用现在

15、分词作状语。故填borrowing。3.（2022新高考I卷）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). _ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【答案】Covering【解析】Covering考查非谓语动词。句意：该

16、公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。4.（2021新课标II卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _ (think)it is food. 【答案】thinking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，_ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主

17、语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。5.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large _ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population【答案】compared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系，

18、故填compared。6.（2018 北京）Ordinary soap, _（use） correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.【答案】used【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词used。【易错提醒】1作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语

19、是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。3过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。5选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独

20、立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。考向3 考查分词作宾语补足语和表语1.（2023新高考卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.【答案】wanting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主

21、动关系,用现在分词wanting。2. （2020新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】 decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。3.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the

22、 mists rising from the river and the soft clouds_ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，surrounding the mountain tops作宾补，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, ke

23、ep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用

24、过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。4.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, du

25、cking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_(challenge). 【答案】challenged【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示被挑战的，所以用过去分词。考向4 考查不定式作目的状语1.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to p

26、ass on wisdom. 【答案】to teach【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的or to pass on wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,都作目的状语。故填to teach。2.（2022新高考卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _ (see) them. 【答案】to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞

27、克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。3.（2022全国高考乙卷）_ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professional

28、s from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【答案】To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。4.（2022新高考卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number

29、 of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _39_ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】to increase【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语

30、，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。考向5 考查不定式作宾语补足语1.（2023新高考卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配all

31、ow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。2.（2023湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad _ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.【答案】to visit【解析】

32、考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。3.（2023湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）Two things I did may have caused people _(think) that something is wrong with me. 【答案】to think【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我做的两件事可能让人们认为我有问题

33、。固定搭配cause sb to do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填to think。不定式作宾语补足语：常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do:例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more

34、.在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。1）Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.考向6 考查不定式作定语1.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged m

35、an from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xian, as a first step _ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.【答案】 to journey【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。2.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award，prou

36、d Irene declared she had no plans _（retire） from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意：获得“终身成就”奖时，艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的公司退休的计划。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“的计划”，故填to retire。不定式作定语：常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。1)The ability to express an idea is as

37、important as the idea itself.2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.考向7 考查不定式作主语、宾语和表语1.（2021英语全国甲卷）It is possible _ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】to walk【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公

38、里是可能的。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。不定式作主语：1不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。3在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.【赞

39、扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate】B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important,

40、necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.2.（2023新高考卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small h

41、ole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】to bite【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。3.（2022年1月浙江卷）That approach brought

42、Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _（continue） the practice. It has been fairly rewarding. , she says, a really positive change.【答案】to continue【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这种做法使科布去年的航空旅行量下降了75%，她计划继续采用这种做法。”这是相当值得的。她说，“这是一个非常积极的改变。”。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。不定式作宾语：常接不定式作

43、宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do: it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做是We f

44、ind it necessary to master German and French.4.(2023重庆市第八中学校4月考)But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is _ (provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot. 【答案】 to provide/provide【解析】考查不定式。句意：但是，读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从one thing.cannot do可知，空处为不定

45、式做表语，主语部分有实义动词do，to可以省略。故填(to)provide。考向8 考查动名词1.（2021全国甲卷）After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.【答案】spending【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spendi

46、ng。2.（2021全国乙卷）Minimize the impact of _(visit)the place. 【答案】visiting【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。非谓语动词考点的必备知识：1非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生

47、在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生完成完成式having doinghaving beening doing表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成2. 非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。2020全国卷Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4

48、to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too. to do. (太而不能)；so/such. as to. (如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因

49、状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。2分词作状语现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间

50、构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。2020江苏卷Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.【易错提醒】部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of

51、(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。Judging from h

52、is accent, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他来自香港。To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；wit

53、h/without名词/代词分词/不定式。Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。3. 非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，bu

54、t she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, pr

55、omise, attempt, way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being过去分词

56、；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。2021浙江卷1月In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。【解题指导】非谓语动词作定语的解题思路【易错

57、提醒】表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company

58、.The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. 4. 非谓语动词作宾语1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。2021全国乙卷Activities ther

59、e range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have

60、 difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：【易错提醒】(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式

61、的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。5非谓语动词作宾补1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主

62、动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃

63、开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最

64、勤劳的人民。(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。2分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), fin

65、d, leave, keep, catch等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人

66、。(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth. doneget sth. done让别人做某事；have sb./sth. doing让一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使开始做某事；have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。【重难点提醒】(4)with的复合结构：with宾语doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with

67、宾语done表示被动或完成；with宾语to do表示将要发生的动作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of

68、work to do, she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。6.非谓语动词作主语和表语1.不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。2021全国甲卷It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。(2)不定式作表语时：表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等

69、词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.; Its no use/good doing.;

70、 It is useless doing.; There is no point doing. 等。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is cleaning

71、 the house three times a week.Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待”时，后常接to be done。She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed

72、committees policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。非谓语动词考点的解题关键：1首先辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词【语法填空中的关键问题】(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等。(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词ing形式、动词ed形式还是动词不定式形式。2结合语境，判断设空处在句子中作的成分，然后分析动词与逻辑主语或被修饰词等之间的关系，从而确定

73、非谓语的形式。3掌握doing作宾语的动词(词组)的用法，注意介词后要跟doing作宾语。4若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词ed形式。5若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。6掌握非谓语动词的句型Its形容词(for/of sb) to do sth；find/think/believe/considerit形容词to do sth。确定非谓语动词的五条实用技巧：（超实用的干货）1“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式【解题指导】1判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填动

74、词-ing形式。2“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。(20211月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】living【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含

75、有谓语动词may be，且该动词与所给动词live之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则可知，该处应填live的非谓语动词形式；又因live与其逻辑主语people之间构成主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。2“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式【解题指导】1判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填动词-ed形式。2“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“已经完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。(20211月浙江高考)In 1985, urban men and women in more than three q

76、uarters of the countries (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.【答案】studied【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词had，且该动词与所给动词study之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填study的非谓语动词形式；又因study与其逻辑主语countries之间构成被动关系，故填动词-ed形式。3.动词不定式“未发生”【解题指导】1判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。2若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用

77、不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。3常考查不定式作目的状语。(20216月浙江高考)Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over (plant) flowers in the front yard.【答案】to plant【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词came，且该谓语动词与所给动词plant之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填plant的非谓语动词形式；plant与谓语动词came之间相比较尚未发生，应使用不定式；又因plant与其逻辑主语Marys sister之间为主动关系，故使

78、用不定式的一般式。4.介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语【解题指导】记住常见的介词，如after，in，on，at及固定搭配中的介词，如insist on doing，be devoted to doing等。(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查非

79、谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。5.熟记一些固定句式中的非谓语动词【解题指导】be likely to do sth, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, spend time (in) doing sth, It is possible to do ., aim to do, see宾语宾语补足语，beadj.to do sth, set out to do ., be expected to do等。(2021全国甲卷)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilo

80、meters.【答案】to walk【解析】考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It isadj.(for sb) to do sth”。通过5组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词【例1】He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.【答案】donatingdonated【解析】两句的差别是连词and。分析句

81、子结构可知，句中空处作状语；句中空处由and连接，与volunteered并列作谓语。【例2】The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.【答案】leadingled【解析】两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，句为独立主格结构作原因状语；句为so连接的两个并列句，空处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。【例3】The party will be

82、 held in the garden, weather (permit)The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)【答案】permittingpermits【解析】两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，句为独立主格结构作条件状语；句为if引导的条件状语从句。【例4】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it.Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, wit

83、h all his attention (fix) on it.Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.【答案】was fixedfixedfixing【解析】三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句为and连接的两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句后半句为with复合结构；句后半句为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。【例5】He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read ne

84、wspapers.They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.【答案】sattalking【解析】两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。句为一连串的谓语动词先后发生，在最后两个动词之间加了连词and；句由laughing及连词and可以判断，talk应使用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查分词作状语、定语、宾补；（2）考查不定式作状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语；（3）有可能考查动名词作主语、宾语；（4）考查相关的独立主格结构。预测考向1 考查非谓语动词作状

85、语1.（2024重庆育才中学、西南大学附属中学拔尖强基联盟联考）“Everything you eat must see fire.” In farming, they used to light piles of branches and leaves and bury them in the ground later, (use) them to fertilize the land.【答案】using【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在农业方面，他们过去常常点燃成堆的树枝和树叶，然后把它们埋在地里，用它们来给土地施肥。此处是非谓语动词作状语，use和主语they是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作

86、状语，故填using。2. （2024浙江省义乌五校联考） (classify) into two categories official seals and private seals, Xiyin is still widely used nowadays. 【答案】Classified【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玺印分为公章和私章两类，至今仍被广泛使用。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。主语Xiyin和动词classify构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填Classified。3.（2024重庆市月考）In 2001, when Kunqu Opera was list

87、ed as one of the masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage(非物质遗产) of humanity by UNESCO, Yang Fengyi traveled with her performers to the UNESCO headquarters in Paris (witness) the historic moment. 【答案】to witness【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2001年，当昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为人类口头和非物质遗产代表作之一时，昆曲专家杨凤仪和她的演员们一起来到联合国教科文组织总部，见证

88、了这一历史性的时刻。通过分析句子结构，此处应为非谓语动词。travel是谓语动词，表示目的“为了见证”用动词不定式。故填to witness。预测考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语1.（2024云南省名校第一次月考）The tray table is adjustable, so that passengers (seat) at different heights are able to use it. The headrest also remains in place for comfort.【答案】seated【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小桌板是可调节的，因此坐在不同高度的乘客都可以使用它

89、。分析句子结构可知seat与逻辑主语passengers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填seated。2.（2024江西省部分高中联考）The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition (feature) some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of which dates back to the 1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing. An online au

90、ction (拍卖) of most of the showpieces held by China Guardian Auctions is running with the exhibition.【答案】featuring【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：周一在北京嘉德艺术中心开幕的“版画五彩缤纷”展览展出了由几代中国艺术家创作的约130幅版画，其中最古老的一幅可以追溯到20世纪30年代。分析句子结构可知，feature与逻辑主语exhibition是主动关系，此处应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。故填featuring。3.（2024河北省沧州市联考）That day, local Yao pe

91、ople took their clothes outside their house to dry and seek fortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract)tourists. 【答案】to attract【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，她们穿着珍贵的服装，展示如何制作传统服

92、装，举行集体婚礼，并进行其他独特的表演，以此吸引游客。way后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to attract。预测考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.（2024河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测）Compared with Tai Chi, Baduanjin is more suitable for beginners with its simple and gentle movements. It can enhance immunity and enable people (relax). It is also a very low-cost social activity f

93、or the young people in China.【答案】to relax【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它可以增强免疫力，使人放松。设空处在句中作非谓语，enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事，设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填to relax。2.（2024广东省广东省四校联考月考）It is believed that the birds oversized tail was made (prevent) the sculpture from leaning forward when laid on a surface. 【答案】to prevent【解析】考查非谓语

94、动词。句意：人们认为，这只鸟的超大尾巴是为了防止雕塑放在地面上时向前倾斜。句中be made to do为固定短语，使用不定式结构作主语补足语结构。故填to prevent。3.（2024河南省信阳高级中学质量检测）Their posts usually include how long the walk is going to take, and interesting places and eateries (小餐馆) along the way. Some posts are more like a food tour, with walkers carefully planning o

95、ut routes with certain places (know) for their snack offerings in mind.【答案】known【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些帖子更像是一次美食之旅，漫步的人仔细规划路线，会把某些以小吃闻名的地方纳入考虑。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作定语，修饰前面的“places”，构成动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填known。4.（2024浙江省义乌五校联考）The making materials in ancient times mainly include gold, silver, copper, jade, stone, b

96、amboo and wood with seals (make) up an overwhelming majority.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：古代的制作材料主要有金、银、铜、玉、石、竹、木等，印章占绝大多数。分析句子可知，此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。故空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语seals和短语make up(占比例)是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填making。预测考向4 考查不定式作主语、宾语和表语1.（2023八省联考） Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier _（make）eco-fr

97、iendly lifestyle choices.【答案】to make【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to make。2.（2023河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed _ _(carry) the little rat across the river. 【答案】to carry【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事

98、”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。3.（2023云贵川桂四省联考）Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is _ (create) more marine protected areasessentially national parks in the ocean.【答案】to create/creating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的科学家都在寻找各种方法来保

99、护甚至恢复珊瑚。一个选择是创建更多的海洋保护区基本上是海洋中的国家公园。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语option的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填to create/creating。预测考向5 考查动名词作主语、宾语1.（2024河南省信阳高级中学质量检测）Unlike military-style travel, Citywalk is about walking around a city on foot, soaking up (感受) the atmosphere and (find) unusual things that even a resident of the city

100、 might not have noticed before. 【答案】finding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：和特种兵旅行不同，Citywalk是指徒步在城市“漫游”，感受城市的氛围，发现连本地人可能都没有注意到的不寻常之处。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作“about”的宾语，和前文的“walking”、“soaking”是并列关系，应填动名词形式。故填finding。2.（2024云南省名校第一次月考）Its designed to be included into existing seating systems, without (require) any major structural changes. The design team hopes to eventually see the convertible chairs installed on every plane.【答案】requiring【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它被设计成包含在现有的座位系统中，而不需要任何重大的结构改变。作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填requiring。