专题09 8BU1-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）.docx

1、专题09 8BU1-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题Past and presentReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar现在完成时的定义、构成、过去分词规则和不规则变形知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1、past n. “过去”， in the past 用一般过去时； adj.“刚过去的”，during the past years 在过去几年时间里；prep.“路过，过”，drive past the bank 开车经过银行；a quarter past seven 七点一刻。pass v.“传递，通过”，pass sth. to sb.= pass s

2、b. sth.把某物传给某人； pass the exam 通过考试，考试及格Luckily, he _passed_ (pass). I walked _past_ the shop yesterday.2、present 1)现在，目前 at present=at the moment 2)礼物 =gift3、marry. vi.& vt.“结婚；嫁，娶”； 三单marries 过去式、过去分词 marriedA marry B=A get/be married to B =A and B get/ be married marriage n.“结婚”，married adj.“已婚的”，

3、get / be married； be married to sb (延续性动词)。1) The boy _marries_(marry) the pretty girl and the girl is willing to marry him. 2) She has been married to Mr. Wang.3) They are going to get married on New Years Day. 注意区别：They have got married. 他们结婚了。 They _have been married_ for 10 years. 他们结婚10年了。4、rea

4、lize vt.“意识到，实现”，realize ones dream = ones dream comes true5、a bit “有点儿（同a little修饰形容词和副词或它们的比较级；修饰不可数名词时用a bit of或a little）” a bit / little large(r)；a bit of water =a little water。not a bit “一点也不” 同not at all ；not a little“非常”同very。6、own adj.“自己的”，my own story=a story of my ownv.“拥有 同have”； owner n

5、.“所有者”，the owner of the factory。7、develop v.“发展” a developing country发展中国家；a developed country发达国家；development n“发展” with the development of science 随着科学的发展。8、relax v.“放松” ；relaxing adj. “令人放松的”； relaxed adj.(某人)“放松的”。 9、feeling n.“感受（常用复数)” hurt ones feelings 伤了某人的感情；10、recent adj.“最近的”； a recent p

6、hoto 一张近照recently adv.“最近，近来”（可用于一般过去时或现在完成时， 不用于将来时）。A _recent_(recent) rreport says that few murder has happened _recently_(recent)11、lonely, 1）、作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。例如：He is _alone_, but he never feels _lonely_. 2）、作定语，表示荒凉的、偏僻的、偏远的 a lonely village 一个遥远的村庄12、 wife wivesA thiefs wif

7、e used a knife on the shelf and half a leaf to kill a wolf. 去 f/fe为ves13、interview n.采访、会见 have an interview with sb. vt. 对.进行面试，采访 interview sb.interviewer 采访者14、communicate with sb. 和某人交流= have _communication_ with sb. have no communication with sb.和某人没有交流 15、from time to time =sometimes = at time

8、s不时，有时，偶尔16、since (1)“既然，由于” Since everyone is here, lets begin our class. (2)“自以来” 过去的时间点 since 1990, since last year现在完成时+ since + 时间段+ago since three years ago 句子（一般过去时） since I went to school 17、over 在期间 over the 10 years 在10年间 超过 He is over 30 years old. 他超过30岁了。 从一边到另一边 jump over the chair 跳过椅

9、子 结束 Class is over.18、turn; link v 1)The tree turns green. n. 2) Its your turn now. vt. 3) They turned the place into a big cinema. 19、waste n.U 废物 too much waste =rubbish=litter C 浪费 Watching TV ads is just a _waste_ of time. vt. 浪费 waste time doing sth. 浪费时间做 20、 return vi 返回 return to = go/come/g

10、et back to vt 归还 return sth.to = give sth. back to 把某物还给return the book to the library 把书还给图书馆21、pollution n.U 污染 much pollution, air/water/noise pollutionpollute v. 污染 pollute the river 污染小河polluted adj. 被污染的 a polluted river 一条被污染的小河The water _pollution_(pollute) is terrible. Drinking _polluted_(p

11、ollute) water is bad for our health. 22、improve v. 提高;改善 improve the environment 改善环境23、in ones way 挡某人的路；妨碍 Dont be in my way. 不要妨碍我。on ones way 在某人去的路上 on my way home （副词前不加to）在我回家的路上in some ways 在某种程度上 In some ways , he is a good boy. 24、used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to _go_(go) to school by bus

12、. be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 I am used _to going_(go) here now. 25、impossible adj. 不可能的 possible adj. 可能的 possibility n. 可能性 Nothing is _impossible_(possible). 二、语法Grammar一、现在完成时的含义（1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:for: + 一段

13、时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years.过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008Since 一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago, +点时间 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since he moved here, since I was born 例如：1.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years. since2011.Coffey has lived in Kunshan since 4 y

14、ears ago. since she left school.（2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(句中）, already(句中，句末）, before(句末）, yet（句末）, never（句中）, ever（句中）,recently(句末)等状语连用。例如： 例如：1.Eddie has just eaten my food. （Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前从未听说过那件事） 3.

15、Have you ever ridden a horse? （你曾经骑过马吗？） 4. She has already finished the work.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5. We havent finished our homework yet. （我们还没有完成作业呢。）二、现在完成时的构成（1）肯定句：I/We/You/They + 助动词have + p.p. （过去分词）+其它。He/ She/It + 助动词has + p.p. （过去分词）+其它。（2）否定句I/We/You/They+ have not / hasnt +p.p. （过去分词）+其它。He/ Sh

16、e/It +has not / hasnt +p.p. （过去分词）+其它。( 3 )一般疑问句及回答-Have +I/you/we/they+ p.p. （过去分词）+其它？-Yes, I/you/we/they have. -No, I/you/we/they havent.-Has +she/he/it+ p.p. （过去分词）+其它？-Yes, she/he/it has.-No, she/he/it hasnt.( 4 )特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p. (过去分词）+其它？e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 year

17、s.How long has the girl learned English?I have eaten two apples for breakfast.What have you eaten for breakfast?三、 过去分词的构成(A) 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked, visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的

18、动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied, cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped, drop-droppeddropped(B) 不规则动词的过去分词原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfoundfoundseesawseenforgetforgotforgottenbuyboughtboughtcomecamecomeput putputcutcutc

19、utbuildbuiltbuiltwritewrotewritten三、词组归纳过去常常做某事，曾经做used to do sth.与某人分享某物share sth with sb步行去某地 go to sp. on foot / walk to sp很了解(熟悉)某事know sth very well搬走/搬家move away/move house在阳光镇北部in the northern part of Sunshine Town与某人结婚get/be married to改变很多，变化很大change a lot把变成turninto把废物排进河里put the waste into

20、 the river采取措施改善这种情况take action to improve the situation更加干净得多much cleaner在某些方面，在某种程度上in some ways下中国象棋play Chinese chess感到有点儿寂寞feel a bit lonely有时，偶尔sometimes / at times / from time to time使某事更好/更容易make sth better / easier发生；举行take place在最近几年里in/during/over the past / last few years许多次 / 在不同时代/时期ma

21、ny times / at different times改善我们的生活条件improve our living conditions与某人保持联系keep in touch with sb.通过电子邮件交流communicate by email使交际更加容易make communication much easier单独/独自做某事do sth. alone / by oneself / on ones own阻止污染为了过上幸福生活stop the pollution to live a happy life钢铁厂 a steel factory意识到这个问题 realize the p

22、roblem在一些大片开阔的空地上建房 build tall buildings in some large open spaces拥有自己的小汽车 have own cars某人做某事已经变得不可能了。It has become impossible for sb. to do sth. 和以前一样经常见面 see each other as often as before四、句型归纳1 你过去对我那么好。 You _used to_be so kind to me.2 你对阳光镇非常了解吗？Do you know Sunshine Town very well? 3. 阳光河边曾经有一个钢

23、铁厂。There was once a _steel factory_ near the Sunshine River.4. 做某事对某人来说。 Its + adj + for sb to do sth.对我们来说像以前一样经常见面已经变得不可能了。 It has become impossible for us to _meet as often as before_5. 我们过去常在一起打牌下中国象棋。 We used to _play Chinese chess_together.6. 我有时会觉得有点孤独。 I feel a bit lonely from time to time.7

24、. 近几年我的家乡发生了许多变化。 （3种）Many changes _have taken place_ in my hometown over the years. There have been _many changes_ in my hometown over the years.My hometown _has changed_ a lot over the years.8. 自从他去世以来已经三年了。( 4种 ) He _died_three years ago. He _has been dead_ for three years/ since three years ago

25、. It is / has been three years since _he died_. Three years _has passed_since he died.9. 他习惯于晚饭后散步。 He is used to _walking_ after supper.10. 你们如何互相保持联系？ How do you _keep in touch with_each other?11. 特网使得交际容易得多。 The Internet makes communication _much easier_.12. 现在政府把镇中心的一部分变成了一个新的公园。 Now the governm

26、ent _has turned_part of_the own _into_ a park.易错题分析语法部分：一、用所给此词的适当形式填空。1. It （rain）for a week.2. I dont know this woman. I （ never，meet）her.3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I （see, already）the film.4. We （ not, finish）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?5. John （ not, come）yet. He will be back in a

27、minute.6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times.7. Wheres John? He just （go）to the teachers office.8. She （study）English since she was ten.9. Jim isnt here. He （go）to the library. He （go）there an hour ago.10. He （never, travel ）on a train in her life.【答案】1. has rained 2 ha

28、ve never met 3 have already seen 4 havent finished 5 hasnt come 6 has been 7 has gone 8 has studies 9 has gone ；went 10 has never travelled二、句型转换1. The bus hasnt arrived yet. (改成肯定句) The bus _ _ _.2. I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句) _ you _ the interesting films recently?3. I

29、have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句) I _ had my breakfast _.4. I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ finished doing your homework _?5. She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句) She _ worked out that difficult problem _.【答案】1. has arrived already / has alrea

30、dy arrived 2. Have, watched 3. havent, yet 4. Have you, yet 5. hasnt, yet三、用单词适当形式填空1.The Green family_(live) here for ten years. They_(come)here in 1998.2.Why not see the film with me? I_(see) the film. I_(see) it last week with my sister. 3.My brother _(be) born in 1983. Since then, he_(live) in t

31、his city.4.How many times _you_(visit) Nanjing? 5.Dont worry. There is a little time _(leave). 6.Itused_(be)veryquiet.7.ThechangestoMoonlightTownhave_(bring)manyproblems.8.The government wants to reduce the _ ( pollute ). 9.Was it possible for our team_(lose) the game in the last 3 minutes.【答案】1. ha

32、ve lived, came; 2.have seen, saw; 3. was, has lived; 4. have visited; 5. left; 6.to be; 7. brought;8. pollution; 9 to lose 词汇句型部分：一、词汇拼写1. Sandy has a lot of friends, so she never feels _(寂寞).2. That reporter had an _(采访) with Jay Chou last week.3. Years ago, the government _(意识到) it was a serious p

33、roblem and took action to reduce the pollution.4. Kitty got _(结婚) last year. Her husband is a computer programmer.5. Many places are _(污染) all over the world, so we have to do something to help the earth.6. We all hope we should have more _(开阔的) space in the city.7.The environment has (改变) a lot.【答案

34、】1. lonely 2. interview 3. realized 4. married 5. polluted 6. open 7.changed 二、翻译句子1.政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。The already the place a park.2.我不时地感到寂寞。 I time time.3.工厂以前经常把它的废物倒进河里。The factory to into the river.4.我们必须采取行动来改善这种状况。 We must to the .5.他不像以前那样经常见老朋友。 He cant see his old friends . 【答案】1. governme

35、nt has turner into; 2.feel lonely from; to; 3. used; put waste ; 4.take action improve situation; 5.as often as before;三、单项选择 ( ) 1.Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses _ old friend Mr Wang.A. lonely, the B. alone,an C. lonely,an D. alone,the ( ) 2.We havent seen each other _.A. for a

36、long time B. two days ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago( )3. _ he_ at this school last term? Yes, I think so. A. Did, study B. Has, studied C. Was, study D. Did, studied ( )4. Hes never watched such an interesting match, _?A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. is he D. has he ( )5. Miss Wang _ an Engli

37、sh teacher. But now she isnt. A. use to be B. used to be C. used to D. uses to be( )6.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill.A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough( )7. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? Because I _ it.A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen( )8.

38、 You look really beautiful in this pink dress, Sally. A. No, just so-so. B. Thank you. C. Yes, Im sure. D. Not at all.( )9.My mother _ English since she came to the city. A. teaches B. has taught C. taught D. have taught( )10. Mr. Green has worked in Zhenjiang since his family to China years ago. A.

39、 has moved B. moves C. moved D. move( )11. Dont you think that the river is _now? A. much cleaner B. very cleaner C. much clean D. cleanest( )12. -I have bought a Chinese English dictionary. - When and where_ you _ it?A. have, bought B. did, buy C. will, buy D. do, buy( ) 13. He has kept in touch wi

40、th us .A. since a month B. for a month C. for a month ago D. in a month( )14.My son _ up yet because he _ to bed very late last night.A. hasnt got; has gone B. didnt get; went C. doesnt get; went D. hasnt got; went( )15. Millie had an interview _ Lilys grandpa this morning.A. and B. to C. with D. ab

41、out( )16.We invite experts to give us talks . A.from a day and night B.from time to time C.from past to now D.from one to another( )17.The child has come to school by bike his own. A.in B.by C.on D.of( ) 18. The place has turned _ a garden already. A. in B. into C. to D. for( ) 19. He used to _ mode

42、l planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends. A. make B. making C. be made D. being made( )20. The old man lives _ in a _ house, but he doesnt feel _. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely; alone C. alone; lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely; alone【答案】CAADB DDBBC ABBDC BCBAC四、

43、单词拼写1. The_（采访）lasted about four hours and made all the people very tired.2You cant let your past affect（影响）your _（现在）3My son is studying in a_（小学教育的）school in the town centre.4.I didnt_（意识到）what happened until he told me about it.5. Many Chinese people who worked_（在国外）have come back to China to fin

44、d jobs.6. Snow has prevented_（沟通）with the outside world for three days.7. Water_（污染）is one of the most serious problems we are facing now.8.-Why do the Smiths have to move from time to _？ -Because of debts（债务）9.-They told me that Julie came first in the running race. - _. She didnt even join the race, 10. -This film is too boring. I cant stand it. -But in some_, it is OK.I like the clothes.【答案】1. interview 2. present 3. primary 4. realize 5. abroad 6. communication 7. pollution 8. time 9. Impossible 10. ways