专题13状语从句（讲义）（解析版）.docx

1、专题13 状语从句(讲义)目 录考点 状语从句 -1页 -1页 -2页【真题研析规律探寻】-2页考向1 考查状语从句的连词-2页考向2 考查状语从句的省略-3页【核心提炼考向探究】-10页1时间状语从句-4页2 条件状语从句-5页3让步状语从句-5页4原因状语从句与方式状语从句-6页5地点状语从句-6页6目的状语从句与结果状语从句-6页7. 状语从句的省略-7页状语从句考点的解题关键-8页【题型特训命题预测】-8页预测考向1 考查状语从句的连接词-9页预测考向2 考查状语从句的省略-10页考点 状语从句考情分析：分析2019-2023年新高考非状语从句考向分布。考点题型状语从句语法填空2020

2、 试卷类型从句考点2020新课标III卷as/ when时间状语从句20192019新课标III卷so结果状语从句总结高考考点，探究状语从句的命题规律。近年来，高考状语从句主要考查：状语从句的各种连接词；状语从句的省略；非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换。考点要求考题统计考情分析状语从句连词3年2考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，状语从句主要集中考查：状语从句的各种连接词；状语从句的省略；3. 非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查状语从句的连接词；状语从句的省略。状语从句的省略3年0考状语从句与非谓语动词的转换3年0考考向1 考查状语从句的连词1.(

3、2020全国卷)_he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.【答案】When【解析】考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：当他询问岸上的村民们他可以在什么地方找到传奇艺术家的时候，他们笑着指向河下。When引导时间状语从句，符合语境。2(北京卷)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk

4、 to other people_you figure it out.【答案】until【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知，此处用until引导时间状语从句。3(2023日照一中二模)I have been a monitor_I came to our school, serving everyone keenly.【答案】since【解析】考查连词。句意：自从入校以来，我一直担任班长，热心为大家服务。表示“自从”用since。4(2018江苏卷)_you can sleep well, you will lose th

5、e ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.【答案】Unless【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你如果睡不好的话，一两个晚上后就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。unless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。5(湖南卷)_hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.【答案】However【解析】考查状语从句。句意：无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食，那么减肥是

6、很难做到的。故填However。6I really enjoy listening to music_it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.【答案】because/as【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松并把注意力从日常杂事上转移开。故填because/as。7.(2018江苏卷)Located_the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road constructi

7、on.【答案】where【解析】考查状语从句。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。be located in地点名词，“位于/坐落某地”，where引导的地点状语从句，符合语境。8.(2018天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend_that they get sweet enough to be eaten.【答案】so【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境。首先判断是否用连词，与定语从句要区别开来

8、。连词连接的往往是两个完整的句子，其中一个用连词连接，是状语从句。如果其中一个句子中缺少成分，那么就是定语从句，不能用引导状语从句的连词。考向2 考查状语从句的省略1(陕西卷)All the photographs in this book，_stated, otherwise, date from the 1950s.【答案】unless【解析】考查状语从句。句意：这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句式。根据句意填unless。2(全国卷)Film has a much shorter history, especially whe

9、n_(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.【答案】compared【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：电影的历史相当短，尤其是与像音乐和绘画这类艺术形式相比较时。主语film是compare这个动作的受动者，所以用过去分词表被动。故填compared。状语从句省略后，只剩下不定式(to do)短语、现在分词(doing)短语和过去分词(done)短语，表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(to do)短语；表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(doing)短语；表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(done)短语。3(江苏卷)It sounds lik

10、e something is wrong with the cars engine. If_， wed better take it to the garage immediately.【答案】so【解析】考查省略和替代。从句意可知，此处表示对可能发生的事件的假设，因此填so如果这样的话，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。状语从句考点的必备知识：一、时间状语从句1when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bir

11、d.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。【易错提醒】when还可表原因，意为“既然”。How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.和once(一就)，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一

12、就”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。【易错提醒】no sooner. than., hardly/sca.的时态搭配：n与y/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He

13、 had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。3before(1)表示“还未就；不到就；还没来得及就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.小女

14、孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)It will be一段时间before.多久之后才。It is一段时间since. 自从多久了。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。二、条件状语从句1通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。Unless children be

15、lieve they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.除非孩子们相信他们能够成功，否则他们将永远无法完全独立。2由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。三、让步状语从句1让步状语从句可由although, th

16、ough, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether. or., no matter who(when, what.)等引导。Although regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to f

17、ace the challenge.不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。2while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。While the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。【易错提醒】while也可以用来表对比转折，意为“而，却”。At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they c

18、an be good friends with one another.在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句1方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像一样”，as if (though)“似乎，好像”等引导。The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。He acted as if nothing had h

19、appened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。2原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。五、地点状语从句1通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。

20、The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始，为的是不漏掉知识点。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where(ver) theres plenty o

21、f sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。3where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful where you made a mistake.When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful in the pla

22、ce where you made a mistake.当你第二次解决这个问题的时候，你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句1目的状语从句。引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that, for fear that, in case，lest等。(1)in order that与so that。两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。Ill speak slowly so that you can u

23、nderstand me.我说慢一点以便你能听懂。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们很早就向山顶出发了。(2)for fear that, in case与lest。这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that. not.或in order that. not.。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father(sh

24、ould) see him.男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。Take your raincoat in case/lest it (should) rain.带着你的雨衣，以防下雨。2结果状语从句。(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so.that., such.that.。在非正式语体中，由so.that.和such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him

25、.迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此的好，我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。(2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能算出所

26、有的难题。六、状语从句的省略在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且含有动词be时，可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。The problem, if not carefully dealt with, will cause a lot of damage

27、.这个问题，如果不小心处理，将会造成重大损失。The dying man is moving his eyes slowly as if looking for his family.这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。状语从句考点的解题关键：1确定是状语从句空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时，应用状语从句的引导词。2状语从句的特殊考点要记牢(1)连词before的意义及句型It will be一段时间before .“多久以后才”；It wont be一段时间before .“用不了多久就”。(2)连词since的意义及句型It is 一段时间since引导的时间状语从句It has

28、 been 一段时间since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意为“自从以来，已经多长时间了”。(3)whether .or .，疑问词-ever，引导让步状语从句。(4)where引导地点状语从句。【易错提醒】1when, while, as(1)when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。 (2)在when和as引导的从句中，谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词，而在while引导的从句中，谓语动词只能是延续性动词。(3)三者中as引导时间状语从句时，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常译为“(正当)的时候”“随着”“一边一边”等。2so .

29、that ., such .that .(1)二者都可以引导结果状语从句。so 后中心词为形容词或副词， such后中心词为名词。(2)若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时，只能用so。【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：状语从句的各种连接词；状语从句的省略；非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换。预测考向1 考查状语从句的连接词1.（2024湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）Big, heavy vehicles that cant climb steep hills, running on two steel rails were all fa

30、miliar with the concept, we call them railways or railroads. Right?【答案】whether【解析】考查状语从句。句意：大型重型车辆不能爬上陡峭的山坡，在两条钢轨上运行无论是被称作 railway 还是 railroad，都是我们熟悉的概念。根据句意“无论是被称作railway还是railroad，都是我们熟悉的概念”可知，本句使用固定搭配whetheror。故填whether。2.（2024四川省成都市彭州市期中） the festival goes global, it has injected(注入) fresh energ

31、y into Pingyaos development and led to a great change. Pingyaos openness has led to a new life. 【答案】As【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：随着这个节日走向世界，它为平遥的发展注入了新的能量，并带来了巨大的变化。根据句意可知，此处表示“随着”引导时间状语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As。3.（2024浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校检测）In Sichuan cuisine, we can find the traces of many other cuisines, including those f

32、rom Shandong, Shanxi provinces and Zhejiang, Sichuan is an inclusive (包容的) place with many migrants from other parts of the country. 【答案】because/since/as【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：在川菜中，我们可以找到许多其他美食的痕迹，包括来自山东、山西和浙江的美食，因为四川是一个包容的地方，有许多来自全国其他地区的移民。结合句意和句子结构可知，本空填从属连词because或since或as，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故填because/sinc

33、e/as。4.（2024湖南省雅礼中学月考（二）The barista, Zhang, mentioned that the number of orders was high that they had to temporarily suspend the online ordering system at around 1:30 pm. 【答案】so【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：这位名叫张的咖啡师表示，由于订单数量太多，他们不得不在下午1:30左右暂停了在线点餐系统。根据语境可知，句子表示“这位名叫张的咖啡师表示，由于订单数量太多，他们不得不在下午1:30左右暂停了在线点餐系统”，空格

34、处意为“如此”，用so，so.that.意为“如此以至于”，故填so。5.（2024广东省湛江市普通高中调研）Just biodiversity is essential for the ecosystem, linguistic diversity is essential for the cultural fabric of our society.【答案】as【解析】考查状语从句。句意：正如生物多样性对生态系统至关重要一样，语言多样性对我们社会的文化结构也是至关重要的。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填状语从句的引导词，根据句意可知，此处表示“正如，就像”，应用连词as引导方式状语从句，所以应

35、填as。故填as。预测考向2 考查状语从句的省略1（2024陕西省西安市阎良区关山中学第一次质量检测）Though (attack) with cancer, he still keeps optimistic. 【答案】attacked【解析】考查时态，语态和省略。句意：虽然患了癌症，他仍然保持乐观。句子表示“虽然患了癌症，他仍然保持乐观”，由keeps 可知，句子时态是一般现在时，he和attack是逻辑动宾关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，though引导的让步状语从句是Though he is attacked with cancer，从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，因此

36、可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是attacked。故填attacked。2(2023山西省运城市高三检测)While _ (research), we found that she had some characteristics similar to a pit bull (比特犬)【答案】researching【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。句意：在我们研究过程中发现，她有一些类似于比特犬（比特犬）的特征。省去了从句的主语you和助动词are，故填researching。3(江西卷)If_(ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.【答案】asked【解析】考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。句意：如果有人要你照顾他的的行李，请立即通知警方。状语从句为被动语态，省去了从句的主语you和助动词are，而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you。