专题14 8BU6-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）.docx

1、专题14 8BU6-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题Sunshine for allReading重点词汇、词组和句型GrammarIt is +adj+of/for sb to do sth句式的区分和用法知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1. Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games. 我正在为成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者而训练。【考点解析train】train意为“训练”，常构成短语train for，意为“为而训练”，介词for表示目的，意为“为”；其中train作不及物动词；train as意为“训练当

2、”。【例句】He is training to be a doctor.他正训练当一名医生。They are training for the coming World Cup.他们正在为即将到来的世界杯集训。He is now being trained as a volunteer.他现在正在接受训练成为一名志愿者。【拓展】train也可以作及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。 【例句】They are training the dolphin to help them save people in the sea.trainer n教练员驯兽师trainee n接受培训者，学员，实习生【典型例题】

3、 学生们正为做志愿者而进行训练。The students _ _ _ _ _. 【答案】are training for the volunteers2. Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics. 为奥林匹克运动会做一些事情是很有意义的。【考点解析】meaningful形容词，意为“有意义的”，由名词meaning加形容词后缀-ful构成。句型“Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.“结构。【例句】Its meaningful to plant trees every year.每年植树很有意义。【拓展】mean 动词，意为

4、“意思是，意味着”meaning名词，意为“意义”，由动词mean加-ing构成meaningless，形容词，“无意义的”。用单词的适当形式填空。1.Swimming in the sea is a_ (mean) experience.2.My parents think anything is _ (mean) except learning.3.Whats the_ (mean) of the following word?4.What does the sign _ (mean)?【答案】meaningful, meaningless, meaning, mean3. I need

5、some more food to eat at work我还需要更多食物在工作时吃。【考点解析1】 need(1) 作情态动词，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。Need he go so soon? 他这么快就要走吗？He neednt go.他不必走。(2) 作行为动词Does he need to go so soon? 他这么快就要走吗？He doesnt need to go.他不需要走。He needs to go他得走。He needs our help.他需要我们的帮助。【难点】作行为动词的need后可接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。The garden needs watering

6、(to be watered).花园该浇水了。【批注】need to be done是need做实义动词，一般情况下的被动语态。need doing是一个特殊用法，表达被动意义。所以这两种表达都是表示被动的。此类词还有：want, require【考点解析2】some more food 更多一些食物 数量意义词+more+名词: 表更多=another+数量意义词+名词【例句】two more apples 再两个苹果= another two apples【典型例题】-Can I have_ water? -Of course. Here you are.A. more any B. an

7、y more C. some more D. more some【答案】C4. They can provide special places for homeless people to stay.【考点聚焦】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 =provide sb. with sth.【例句】He was very poor because hed toprovidefood for seven children. 他很穷，因为他要给七个孩子提供食物。5、blind adj. 瞎的短语：go blind 失明；turn a blind eye to 对佯装不见be

8、blind to 对视而不见deaf adj. 聋的例如： He is a deaf man.He is deaf of an ear.拓展：be deaf to advice 意为“不听劝告”Tom is always deaf to advice.turn a deaf ear to 意为“对充耳不闻”Dont turn a deaf ear to what I said.6.with ones support 在某人的支持下without ones support 没有某人的支持support sb. to do 支持某人做某事变形：supporter n. 支持者7.一个残疾人 a d

9、isabled man 区分没有能力的 unable cn. 缺陷，障碍 disability* the + adj. 表示一类人，谓语动词要用复数：the blind the deaf the disables the rich the poor the homeless the elderly 8.work closely 密切合作 watch closely 密切关注辨析：close adv. 近地 sit close to me9.background可数，但是放在名词前不要加复数，如：many background pictures10.加入组织 join the organizat

10、ion组织 vt. organize 组织者 n. organizer 有条理的 adj. organized 11.the introduction to 的简介，可翻译为引进 变形：vt. introduce 12. disease 可数名词，一般指疾病名称，与illness不同13. Survivor 幸存者 注意后缀是or，不是er以or结尾的表示人的单词：visitor actor 地震幸存者 earthquake survivors变形：survive vt. 幸存于survive the earthquake 14. 在中国西南 South-west China=the sout

11、h-west of China=south-western China 15.有足够的钱给这样一个手术 have enough money for such an operation考点：enough+n adj.+enough Such+名词短语 so+adj./adv. Such.that. So.that. 如此以致于16.否则，他会失去他的生命。 Otherwise, he will lose his life.1) 然而 however 此外 moreover 无论如何，不管怎样 anyway2) lose vt. 失去 lose ones way 迷路 lost adj. 迷失的

12、get lost 迷路17.很快康复 get well again soonWell做形容词指身体好 感觉身体棒 feel well18.确保 make sure+that从句19. Liu Ming did not know what to expect刘明不知道期待什么【考点聚焦】 expect表示“期待，期望”，通常用作及物动词其后可接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但不能接动名词。I expect to finish the work by Friday.我预计在星期五以前完成此项工作。He expected her to go with him.化期望她同他一起去。【批注】同样涉及否定转移

13、的词还有：think，suppose，believe比如：I dont think he can swim.20.The special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities achance to show their skills to the world.give sb. a chance to do sth. 意为“给某人做某事的机会”例如：I will give you a chance to explain yourself.句中的 with intellectual

14、disabilities 为后置定语，修饰 children and adults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。例如：The students on duty are cleaning the classroom.chance 可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。例如：Do you have a chance to win? You have no chance now.21.They include many events similar to those in the Olympics .很多与奥运会类似的项目。【考点聚焦】短语similar to those in the Olympics

15、为后置形容词短语， 用于修饰events。similar 意思是“相似的，类似的”。be similar to 意为“与相似 / 相仿”。His teaching style is similar to that of most teachers. 他的教学风格和多数教师相似。22.Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. make the event a great success 意为“使本届特奥会取得很大的成功”，make +sb./sth. + 名词结构，

16、其中 the event 是 make 的宾语，a great success 为其宾语补足语例如：Hard life makes the boy a man. We made Tom our monitor.拓展：make 后还以接省略 to 的动词不定式、形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。Dont make the boy cry anymore.The boy often makes his mother angry.I cant make myself understood in Chinese.23.I was the swimming coach for a young boy fro

17、m. coach 此处为可数名词，意为“教练”，复数形式为 coachescoach 还可用作及物动词，意为“训练，指导”。coach 还可用作可数名词，意为“客车，长途汽车”。例如：He is a football coach.Could you help coach a football team for little kids?I will take a coach to Nanjing.24、He was born with intellectual disabilities.be born with.意为“生来具有”例如：He was born with a weak body. 他

18、生来体弱。25.It was necessary for these volunteers to receive training before doing the task. 【考点聚焦】necessary adj. 必须的；必要的 necessity n. 必要性【拓展】句型“Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.“结构。当形容词修饰后面的动词不定式时，如necessary, difficult/hard, tiring, easy, (im)possible等时，介词用for；当形容词修饰人（的内在品质时），如generous, kind, good/great, poli

19、te等时，介词用of。26.It was very brave of him to join the competition. 他参加竞赛真的很勇敢。【考点解析】句型Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪。该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类:（1） 表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词, 有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly, unwise, dumb(愚笨的), absurd (荒谬的)等。如：Its silly of him to do such a thing. 他竟干出这样的

20、事，真是愚蠢！（2） 表示正确或错误的形容词, 有 right, wrong, correct, incorrect 等。如:It was right of her not to come here. 她没有来这儿，太对了！（3） 表示好坏等品性的形容词, 此类词较多, 有good, nice, kind, friendly, lovely, wonderful, bad, unkind, naughty等。 如: Its friendly of you to come and see me. 你能来看我，真够朋友！（4） 表示褒义或贬义色彩的形容词, 有brave, polite, care

21、less, selfish等。如: It was brave of you to manage to do it. 你居然能做成这件事，真勇敢！27.To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.【考点解析】win的用法如下：(1)用作不及物动词，意为“获胜，得胜，成功，达到”，与succeed同义，与fail相反。We won in the football match last week.在上周的足球比赛中我们赢了。(2)用作及物动词，意为“获得，博得”。He w

22、on the Nobel Prize for physics.他获得诺贝尔物理学奖。He won the first prize for his invention.他的发明获得了一等奖。【拓展】winsth.（赢的东西）；beatsb.（打败的人）We beat them.我们赢了他们。Who won the game，Li Ming or Liu Hai?谁赢了游戏，李明还是刘海？notbut意为“不是，而是”。例如：Jims father is not a teacher but a doctor. The book is not hers but mine.gold 此处用作可数名词，

23、意为“金牌”。例如：He won many golds.拓展：gold 还可用作不可数名词，意为“黄金，金子”；gold 用作形容词时，意为“金黄色的，金质的”。How much gold do you have? 你有多少黄金？The girl with a gold watch is Mary. 那个戴金表的女孩是玛丽。28.Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family.来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像一个大家庭的成员。【考点解析】feel like有两个意思：(1)

24、意为“想要”，feel like doing意为“想要做某事”，相当于want/would like to do sth.I feel like eating this kind of food.我想吃这种食物。(2)意为“觉得像；摸起来像”。The cap feels like an animal这帽子摸起来像一个动物。29.Volunteering for the Special Olympics World Games 为夏季特奥会做志愿者【考点聚焦】(1)volunteer vi. & vt. 志愿做，义务做volunteer for . 志愿做；主动做No one volunteer

25、ed for cleaning the hen house. 没有人主动去清理鸡舍。(2) volunteer to . 志愿做；主动提出He volunteered to water our plants. 他主动提出给我们的植物浇水。(3) volunteer n. 义务工作者；志愿者30.He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. confident adj. 此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：be confident of sth. 意为“对有信心”；be confi

26、dent + that 从句意为“确信，对有信心”。例如：He is a confident person.Mary is confident of passing the exam. = Mary is confident that she can pass the exam.31.He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. confident adj. 此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：be confident of sth. 意为“对有信心”；be confident

27、+ that 从句意为“确信，对有信心”。例如：He is a confident person.Mary is confident of passing the exam. = Mary is confident that she can pass the exam.32.I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event.offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。例如：Mary offered to help me with my English.拓展：offer sth.提供某物；offer

28、 sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.He offered some advice.They offered us hot water.= They offered hot water to us.33.What are the Special Olympics World Games for? Whatfor?意为“为什么？”。例如：-What are you here for?-To meet my uncle.辨析：whatfor 与 whyWhatfor为什么用于询问目的或用途，一般用动词不定式或 for 介词短语等回答，不能用 because 回答例：-What

29、do you want a basket for?-I want to buy some apples.why为什么侧重询问原因，一般用 because 作答例：-Why were you late for school?-Because I missed the early bus.二、语法GrammarIt is+ adj. +of/for sb+ to-infinitive1) It is+ adj+ to-infinitive“It is+形容词+动词不定式”可以用来描述行为和情境。在该句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。把真正的主语放在句末而用it作形式主语也是为了

30、句子的协调，避免“头重脚轻”。该句型中的形容词是用来描述行为或情境的。如：It is dangerous to play football in the street在街上踢足球是危险的。It is hard to understand what he said.要理解他的话是很难的。2) It is+ adj.+ for+to-infinitive“It is+形容词+for+动词不定式”可以用来具体说明正在谈论的事情。在该句型中，it是形式主语，for后面所引导的人或物是动词不定式的逻辑主语，for sb./sth. to do sth.在英语中通常称为动词不定式的复合结构。其中的形容词用

31、来说明不定式的特征，而不是说明人的特征或性格。用于该句型的常见形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important, interesting, dangerous, possible, impossible, meaningful, comfortable, uncomfortable等。如：Its difficult for you to pass the exam.对你来说通过这次考试是困难的。3) It is+ adj+ of+ to do sth“It is+形容词+ of+ 动词不定式”结构用来对某人的品质、性格等作出评价，其中的形容词必须是表示人的品质、性格等的形容

32、词。it是形式主语，没有实际意义。该结构中的sb.和(not) to do sth.有着逻辑上的主谓关系，所以该句型又可以转换成“sb.+ be+ adj.+(not) to do sth.”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：careless，careful，clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, impolite, rude, selfish, generous, wise, silly, modest, proud, thoughtful等。如： Its very nice of you to give me a gift. =You are ver

33、y nice to give me a gift.你送给我礼物，你真好。It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes. =You are silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.你不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。三、词组归纳1. 训练成为一名志愿者 train to be a volunteer2. 志愿帮助穷人volunteer to help the poor3. 支持我support me4. 需要帮助的人们people who need help5. 一个残疾人a

34、disabled person6. 一个盲人a blind person7. 给他们提供食物和衣服give them food and clothes12. 提供特别居所给无家可归的人provide special places for homeless people = provide homeless people with special places13. 一份志愿者经历的报告a report on the experience of a volunteer14. 期待他做一名工程师expect him to be an engineer15. 为奥运会志愿服务volunteer fo

35、r the Olympics16. 他一生中最神奇的经历之一one of the most amazing experience of his life17. 有智障的儿童和成年人children and adults with intellectual disabilities18. 与相似 be similar to 19. 接受训练receive training20. 获得一等奖/第一名win (the) first prize21. 获得第四名finish fourth = come fourth 22. 使他们梦想成真make their dreams come true23. 帮

36、助他们实现梦想help them realize/achieve their dreams24.捐钱给慈善机构donate money to charities25.通过写邮件相互联系keep in touch with each other by writing emails26.由组成be made up of 27.患了严重的血液病have a serious blood disease28.地震幸存者们earthquake survivors四、句型归纳为奥运会做些事情很有意义。Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics.作为志愿者工

37、作真的很精彩。Its fantastic to work as a volunteer.特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子及成人向世界展示能力的机会。The Special Olympic World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. 他们包括很多与奥运会类似的项目，如篮球、足球和游泳。They include many events similar to those in the Olympics, such as baske

38、tball, football and swimming.在这些志愿者行使职责之前，接受训练是必须的。It is necessary for the volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks.他们为运动员们提供支持，协助使本届赛事获得巨大成功。They provided support for the athletes and helped (to) make the event a great success.他生下来(天生)就有智力缺陷。He was born with intellectual disabilities.参

39、加这项比赛，他真的十分勇敢。It was very brave of him to join in /take part in the competition.对李海来说，最重要的事不是赢得金牌或银牌，而是参与。To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part.李海尽了最大努力并获得第四名。Li Hai tried his best and finished fourth.来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像大家庭的一部分。Athletes and volunteers f

40、rom different backgrounds feel like part of one big family.对于我们来说能和这些特殊运动员们密切合作真的很棒。你有机会帮助他们实现梦想。Its great for us to work closely with these special athletes. You get to help them achieve their dreams.你听说过比尔盖茨吗？Have you heard of Bill Gates?对于人们来说，学习良好的礼仪很重要。（2种）Its important for people to learn good

41、 manners. = Its important that people learn good manners.对于他们来说没有志愿者的帮助，做一对一的工作几乎不可能。Its impossible for them to do their work one-to-one without the help of volunteers.与智障的人交谈你遇到麻烦吗？Do you have any trouble talking to people with intellectual disabilities?到处乱扔垃圾，这些人的行为是错误的。Its wrong of the people to

42、drop litter everywhere.这名年轻人很善良，他献血给需要的人。Its kind of the young man to donate blood to people in need.用这种方式，他们能帮助当地人改善他们的生活。In this way, they can help the local people improve their lives. 我们需要采取行动保护环境。We need to take action to protect the environment.然而对他来说尽快做这个手术很重要，否则，他可能会失去生命。However, its importa

43、nt for him to have the operation as soon as possible. Otherwise, he may lose his life.如果我们都能伸出援助之手，他不久就可能恢复健康。If all of us can give a helping hand, he may get well again soon.易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择1. It is impossible _ her _ the work in half an hour.A. for; finish B. of; finish C. for; to finish D. of; to

44、 finish2. Its really kind _ you _ help me with my English.A. for, to B. of, to C. for, for D. of, for3.-Its so kind of you to give me a ride to the station. -_A. It doesnt matter B. Never mindC. Dont mention it D. Not at all. Its a pleasure4. It is difficult for him the task within two hours.A. to f

45、inish B to finishing C finishing D not to finish【答案】CBDA二、用适当的介词填空1. It was stupid _ me to talk in that way to my mother.2. It is very important _ us to master English.3. It was impossible _the little boy to carry such a heavy box.4. It is smart _ them to make good use of the Internet.【答案】of；for；for

46、；of三、同义句转换1. This task is difficult to finish. difficult this task.2. I find it easy to learn English well. easy learn English well.3. Youll lose your way easily in such a big city.Its for you to in such a big city.4. We should train ourselves before running. us to train ourselves before running.5.

47、Hes unable to work out such a difficult problem. him to work out such a difficult problem.6. The girl gives her seat to people in need. She is very kind. the girl her seat to people in need.7. The old man donated lots of money and things to the people in Yaan. He was generous. the old man lots of mo

48、ney and things to the people in Yaan. He was generous.8. Tom doesnt forgive others for their mistakes. He is silly. Tom others for their mistakes.【答案】1 It is; to finish 2 It is ; for me to 3 easy; get lost 4 Its necessary for 5 Its impossible for 6 Its kind of ; to give 7 It was generous of ; to don

49、ate 8 Its silly of ; not to forgive词汇句型部分：一、单项填空( ) 1. -_and I will give you a surprise! A. Support me B. Supporting me C. To support me D. Supports me( ) 2. _ is impolite for us to shout at others loudly. A. This B. That C. There D. It( ) 3. -What are these young girls doing? -They are training_ vo

50、lunteers_ the Spring Sports Meeting. A. to be; to B. as; for C. for; for D. as; to( ) 4. The disabled_ able to do the same things as common people.A. is B can be C. are D. can( )5. Its very nice_ you to give me such a chance. A. to B. for C. of D. at( ) 6. Its necessary_ us to keep the classroom_ ev

51、ery day. A. for; cleans B. of; clean C. for; clean D. of; cleaning( ) 7. It is_ of the people to_ money to the poor people. A. important; donating B. generous; raising C. meaningful; raise D. helpful; donate( ) 8. It is wrong_ us_ look down upon（看不起）the disabled people. A. of; to B. for; for C. to;

52、to D. of; for( ) 9. _to get there within ten minutes. Ten minutes_ too short for us. A. It is impossible of us; are B. Its impossible for us; is C. We are impossible; are D. We arent possible; is ( ) 10. -What do you think of tomorrows basketball match? -_ difficult for us_ the match. A. Were; winni

53、ng B. Its winning C. Were; to win D. Its; to win( )11. The Olympic Games_ us_ a chance_ show our skills. A. provide; with; to B provide; for; to C. provides; with; for D. provides; to; with( ) 12. These college students_ in getting new jobs, so they have to stay in school. A. trouble B. have trouble

54、 C. have fun D. have a good time( ) 13. Valentina is good at English. I think its easy_ her_ English well. A. for; to learn B. of; to learn C. for; learning D of; learning( ) 14. Is_ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. that C. it D. /( ) 15. -I like my Chinese teacher. He is very

55、kind_ us. -That is very kind_ him. A. of; to B. to; of C. to; to D. of; of .( ) 16. My daughter think_ necessary_ to take so many dancing classes. A. that; for her B. it; of her C. that; of her D. it; for her( ) 17. Michel has_ all his pocket money_ the local charity to help people in need. A. given

56、; for B. raised; to C. donated; to D. bought; for( ) 18. He never works hard so its_ for him to pass the exam.A. hopeless B. useless C. useful D. hopeful【答案】1-5 ADBCC 6-10 CDABD 11-15 ABACB 16-18 DCA二、完成句子1.对我们来说，和这些特殊的运动员一起密切工作是很好的。Its great _these special athletes.2.你有机会帮助他们实现他们的梦想。You _.3.如果我们能伸出

57、援助之手，这些贫困的孩子会得到更好的教育。If all of us can , the poor children may education.4.对他来说，要在半小时内完成这篇文章是很困难的。 Its him finish the article within half an hour.5.这些钱是用来帮助参加人的。The money the disabled.【答案】1. for us to work closely with 2. have a chance to help them realize their dreams3. lend a helping hand, get bett

58、er 4. hard for to writing 5. is used to help三、词汇A根据意思完成单词1.His mother wants him to be more c_(be sure of ones abilities) in his study.2. I have a bicycle _ (alike, but not the same) to my uncles.3.-The 2-year-old child was the only s_ in the accident.-Oh, my god.4. It was not an easy (a piece of har

59、d work that must be done) for us.5.They studied the _ (项目) very carefully to save more money. 6.I offered my seat to a _(盲的) woman on the bus yesterday. 7.In Olympics, athletes who win the first place will be presented with g_ medals.8.We all _ (期待) him to come soon so that we could finish all the w

60、ork earlier.9.-Do you think its _(必要的) to read for half an hour every day? -Of course. 10. Many students dont know how to a _a balance (平衡) between study and hobbies. B. 用所给词的正确形式填空1. This summer I will do something _ (mean) by joining the Helping Club. 2. The sunlight we are all used to _ (include)

61、 seven colours.3. Mr. Lee is trying to set up an_ (organize) to help people with blindness.4. You know our help _ a lot to the homeless people. (mean)5.The _ (die) old man _ (raise) plenty of money for the poor family so far. 6. He is stubborn (固执的)and he never gives up _.(easy)7. He is very strange

62、 and he likes doing everything _ (different).8.Your _(donate) is very important to people in need.9.The 12th Special Olympics World Games were _ (success) held in Shanghai in 2007.10.Because of colour_(blind),Amy cant join the army.11.We all know that _ (take) care of others will make us live happil

63、y. 12. The _ (survive) in the natural disaster are in great need of help. 13. Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary _ (organize). 14. The 12th Special Olympics World Games were _ (success) held in Shanghai in 2007.15. His teachers warned the students _ (not stay) up too late clo

64、se to the exams.【答案】1. confident 2. similar 3. survivor 4. task 5.project 6. blind 7. gold 8. expect 9. necessary 10. achieve1. meaningful 2. includes 3. organization 4. means 5. dying has raised 6. easily 7. differently 8. donation 9. successfully 10. blindness 11. taking 12. survivors 13. organiza

65、tion 14. successfully 15. not to stay四、翻译句子1在们日常生活中该如何帮助他人呢?2我们应该存下我们的零用钱，捐给穷人。3这样，我们可以帮助当地的人们改善生活。4在车上将我们的座位让给老人是非常好的。5我们将通过写信来保持联系。【答案】1. How can we help others in our daily life?2. We should save our pocket money and donate it to the poor.3. In this way, we can help local people improve their lives.4. Its good to give our seats on the bus to the elderly.6. We will keep in touch by writing letters.