专题14 书面表达 写作指导 -【教育机构专用】2020-2021学年高一英语寒假辅导讲义（人教2019）.docx

1、专题14 书面表达本专题先从整体介绍写作的基本要求和应对策略，再针对不同类型或体裁的文章分别探讨具体要求和应答技巧。高考英语写作满分标准与策略一、满分要求1. 语篇信息齐全；2 丰富的句式表达；3 注意句与句之间的连贯性；4. 语句流畅自然，层次清楚5应用较高级词汇；5. 书面整洁。二、写作策略1. “五审”定调子写作时，要养成在审题上形成一种定向思维的习惯，做到“五审”：一审体裁。根据作文材料要求确定文章体裁。然后建立相应体裁的行文模式。我们常用的体裁有书信、日记、通知、发言稿、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。二审人称。文章中人称选择恰当对表达文章的基本思想、描述事物及情节都很有帮助。应特别注意英

2、文中人称的阴阳是很容易被忽视的三审时态。高考评分中，谓语动词形式是被看重的，一篇文章如果多处出现谓语动词错误，就要降等给分。所以我们在审题时要给文章的时态定个位，即过去时、现在时或将来时，再以这个定位时态基础，按需要使用相应时态。四审要点。高考评卷中，作文的大块得分集中在文章的要点和要点发挥上。一般来说，英语高考作文有4-6个要点，考生在读题时要边读边列出要点并写出要点中的关键词，这样既能保证要点齐全又能节省时间。五审层次。层次分明，脉络清晰，让读者一目了然。记叙文大多数以人物活动、时间顺序或事情发展过程为线索；说明文大多以时间、空间为线索；议论文的写作一般按先总后分或先分后总的顺序。2. “

3、韵色”得高分培养学生在保证文体正确、要点齐全、层次分明的基础上，恰当运用一些漂亮的句式、关联词、插入语和谚语等，能使文章更上档次。三、注意事项1. 提炼要点 总结归纳要点：不是所有内容都要写出来，而是抓住其中的关键要点、衔接要点! 理顺要点：将提炼的要点按逻辑关系（如时间关系、因果关系、转折关系等）重新安排，这样整篇文章看起来就整体有序，流畅自然，更加容易打动评分老师，从而使作文分数提升一档。2. 遣词造句 遣词：不出现语言错误；注意词语和短语搭配使用；适度使用加分词汇；避免词语重复，用加分词句（高级词、同义词、短语等）替代。 造句：表达意思要清楚无误（具体化、细节化）；多种表达方式表达相同含

4、义；避免句式单调（简单句、并列句、复合句等适度调整）；可以用形象思维来表达（比如说你朗读得“很好听”，用“抑扬顿挫”来表达就是形象思维）。3. 谋篇布局 构思文章提纲：根据题目的要点，安排好段落和主次关系。要形成良好的分段意识，写作分段是必须要进行的（2至4段为佳），这样显得文章不会拥挤并目层次分明。在行文意识上，要注意突出要点。 分段注意详略搭配，注意连贯； 行文时多用关联词、引导词，把文章句子通过各种关系整合起来，达到起承转合、运用自如的目的，从而获取高分； 具体的连接关系有：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、列举关系、条件关系、举例关系、时间关系等。如何写自我介绍一、写作

5、技巧1. 篇章结构 开头开门见山，介绍说明自己的姓名、来自哪里等； 主体介绍自己的家庭、家乡、自己的爱好、特长等； 结尾表明自己的愿望，并表示感谢。2. 注意事项 自我介绍是向别人展示自己的一个途径。自我介绍属于记叙文的范畴，一般要求能用简明的语言把要介绍的情况按照逻辑顺序一一讲明。但要注意自我介绍是介绍自自己，以第一人称为主，通常用一般现在时。有些题目中会给出一个具体的名字，故写作时不能再给文中的人物另取名字。 写自我介绍时，首先应写出自己的姓名、年龄、所在的学校、班级等基本信息；然后介绍你最想让别人知道的关于你的信息，比如自己的爱好、最喜欢的科目、喜欢的食物、不喜欢的食物以及家庭情况等；最

6、后对以上内容进行总结或表达自己的美好愿望等。 写自我介绍时能表达出自己的真实情况，给他人呈现出一个真实的自我，无须过多华丽的辞藻。写作时应注意连词的使用，表达应符合英语习惯，符合语法结构。二、常用表达1. 介绍姓名、年龄、年级、学校时的常用表达My name is, a student from.High School.我的名字是，是来自高中的一名学生。1 am a boy/girl with the name.我是一个名叫.的男孩/女孩I am a 16-year-old girl/I am a girl of 16 years old/I am a girl at the age of 1

7、6.我是一名16岁的女孩I am studying in Grade 1 at.High School我在.高中读高一。2. 介绍性格特征时的常用词汇kind-hearted (好心的), easy-going (容易相处的), diligent (勤奋的), humorous (幽默的), attractive (吸引人的), generous (大方的), elegant and confident (优雅且自信的), energetic and active (精力充沛且活泼的), have a passion for (对.有激情), have a good sense of humo

8、ur (有幽默感)3. 介绍兴趣爱好时的常用表达 词汇like/love/enjoy.， take a strong interest in. be fond of.， be crazy about.， be good at. have a gift for. 句型In my spare time, I read a lot. I am also crazy about music. 在业余时间，我读很多书。我也非常喜欢音乐。Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.作为一个积极活跃的年轻人，我喜欢运动

9、和户外活动。4. 介绍最喜欢的科目、学习风格时的常用表达My favourite subect is.我最喜欢的科目是Of all the subjects in school, I like English/Chinese best.在学校的所有科目中，我最喜欢英语/语文。I exchange learning experience with my classmates.我跟我的同学交流学习经验。I prefer to learn knowledge by touching and doing. For example, if I learn a new computer program,

10、I would rather sit down at the computer and explore the programs features by myself.我更喜欢通过实践的方式学习知识。例如，如果我想学习新的电脑程序，我宁愿自己坐在电脑前研究该程序的特征。5. 介绍未来规划时的常用表达I expect to study/major in International Trade, if it is possible.如果可能的话，我打算主修国际贸易。I plan to study at. University, and get my masters degree in Law, w

11、hich will take me about five to six years to complete.我计划在大学学习，获得法学的硕士学位，这大概需要花费我五六年的时间来完成。I am looking forward to laying a solid foundation for my future profession, which is based on three years of hard study here.我期待在这里三年的努力学习能够为我的未来职业打好牢固的基础。三、写作模板My name is_. I come from a beautiful city named_

12、. I like making friends with others, doing exercise and reading. I am open-minded, quick in thought and very fond of history. In my spare time, I like_, especially_. Besides, I have a good knowledge of_. I am able to _ well. I am skillful at_. I am a football fan for years. The Italian team is my fa

13、vorite. I am proud to study with everyone in my class for the coming years. My greatest dream is_. To make my dream come true, I must_.如何写建议信一、写作技巧一般而言，建议信属于半开放式作文，大多要求考生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。写好建议信的两个要素: 1. 合理安排建议信的内容结构建议信一般采取三段式结构：首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的意图。主体：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用科学

14、委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言，切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。结尾段：表达希望（如希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助）。2. 掌握建议信的写作特点语气要诚恳，有礼貌，顾及对方的感受；建议的内容要详尽具体，不能含糊其词；可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意各个建议之间的衔接。二、常用表达1. 首段常用的句型I am writing to share some advice with you.Im sorry you have trouble in.You have asked me for my advice about.I am writing

15、to express my views on/concerning.You have asked for some advice concerning., and I will try to give you my suggestions.2. 提出建议时常用的句型I think it would be a good idea if.In my opinion, it would be wise to. I suggest that you shouldIn my opinion, youd better.I advise you to.If I were you, I would.Why n

16、ot.? /Why dont you.?3. 结尾段常用的句型I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/tips practical/useful/helpful.I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail.I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my suggestions.In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions use

17、ful.I hope you will take my advice into account.三、写作模板ADear_You have asked me for my advice about _(问题)， and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following (建议内容).I hope youll find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discu

18、ss this matter with you in more detail. Good luck to youYours sincerely, Li HuaBDear_Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to _(引出对方需要建议的主题). Here are a few suggestions. First, its important to_. Then, it also helps to_. Besides, it would be a good idea to_. You can also_ (根据要求用

19、不同的句式表达). As to_, I suggest_ (有时根据需要，要提到另一方面). In addition, _(其他的建议). Im sure_(预测可能的结果，给对方信心和决心).Im looking forward to _(表达愿望). /I hope you will find the suggestions useful.Yours sincerely, Li Hua如何写旅行计划一、写作技巧写旅行计划为应用文。文体的特点主要是明确计划的内容，故文章的语言应简明扼要，突出主题，要点明晰。具体技巧如下：1. 说明制订旅行计划的原因，即为何要选择这样的旅行方案。2. 在列出旅

20、行方案时注意运用恰当的过渡语句或过渡词汇，语言要明了，避免出现逐条罗列的现象。3. 明确旅行的时间、地点、以及旅行的随行人员，在有可能的情况下，还应说明旅行的经费预算。4. 以第一人称的形式，时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。二、常用表达destination目的地tour group旅游团outbound tourism出境游single ticket单程票round-trip ticket; return ticket 往返票excursion train游览列车free walker自由行take the flight/train/underground乘飞机/火车/地铁The desti

21、nation is 的地是have a plan for 对有计划spend.with sh. 与某人度过.pick sb. up开车接某人show sb. around 带领某人参观pay a visit to. 参观游玩.plan to do. 计划做Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, First, . Then, .Finally/last, .如何写兴趣爱好类说明文一、写作技巧描述性说明文一般采用“总一分一总”的三段式结构。也就是说，首先要写说明的对象，然后说明原因等，最后做一个简单的总结。说明文常用一般现在时，但也要根据具体情况分析，灵活采用恰当的时态。二、常用表

22、达Of all the spors, l like.best.is my favorite sport.People all over the world like.If you ask me which sport I like best.Do you want to know which sport I like best?How much do you know about.?I like.because.The reason why I like.is that.My favorite player is. I like him/her because.At the age of.I

23、showed great interest in.I became interested in.when I was.I first learned to.at the age of.I become more and more.by playing.I hope in the future I can. I really want to be. when I grow up.如何写新闻报道一、写作技巧所谓报道，就是对最近发生的事实的反映。新闻是对客观事实进行报道而形成的信息，反映在新闻信息中的内容必须具有真实性和可传达性。报道的特点就是用事实说话。报道一般包含标题、导语、主体和结束语。标题：

24、浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题，提炼要点，吸引读者。导语：揭示事件的核心内容。主体：消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。结束语：一般是最后一段话或一句话，是对全文内容的概括性总结。写此类文章时，要注意以下几点:1. 新闻六要素必须明确无误。即新闻的时间、地点、人物、事情经过和事情发生的原因及结果必须具体、确凿。2. 新闻中引用的数字、引语、典故以及其他背景材料都必须有据可依。3. 新闻中对事物的解释和说明必须符合事物的本来面目，不能歪曲事实。二、写作步骤第一段：简要报道事件;第二段：具体介绍事情过程;第三段：对事件进行评价。三、常用表达1. 活动目的To cal

25、l on people to., our school is planning. 为了号召人们去,我们学校正计划In order to strengthen students spirit of loving our county, .为了加强学生们的爱国精神，.2. 活动时间和地点We are to meet at the school gate at 7 oclock this Saturday morning. 我们计划本周六早晨7点钟在学校门口见面。The activity is going to be held in our school library on July 30th.

26、这项活动将于7月30日在我们校图书馆举办。An activity is organised by. on July 30th. 由.在7月30日组织了一项活动。3. 参加者Students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to the. and did some voluntary work.来自二年级三班的学生们去了.并做了一些志愿工作。One thousand students from.took part in the activity.一千名来自的学生参加了这项活动。4. 评论Their behaviour not only . but also.他

27、们的行为不仅，而且What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.他们所做的给其他人带来了欢乐，也丰富了他们自己的生活。四、写作模板An earthquake emergency evacuation drill（地震应急疏散演练）To teach students to protect themselves in an earthquake, today all the teachers and students in our school took part in (活动). Firstly, the

28、 teachers told us how to (行动一). Then they asked us to (行动二) When we go to school heard the bell ring. With the guidance of the teachers, all the students (行动三).Through this drill, we learned how to (收货一). Besides, we benefited from (收获二) as well as (收获三).如何写咨询类博客一、写作技巧写咨询博客的主要目的是寻求所需的信息、资料和了解相关情况等。写

29、这类博客时应注意礼节，切不可使用带有生硬或命令口吻的词句，也不可把别人的帮助视为理所当然。此外，还要注意只能就别人能够提供的信息进行提问。具体写作步骤如下：首段：开门见山，提出问题。直截了当地把你遇到的难题或困惑告诉对方。主体段落：询问具体问题。所提的问题一定要具体、明确，不能含糊其词，否则会让对方不知如何回答。在具体的考试中，可以问一些与考试所设置的同题相关的问题，但这些问题必须与题目本身要求获取的信息具有相关性，也可以根据虚拟的自身情况提出相关的问题。如果同时有好几个问题需要对方回答，可以考虑分段写。考生也可以将自己认为比较重要的问题单独列一个段落来写，将其内容细化。结尾段：表明想得到回答

30、的急切心情，对别人所能给予的任何帮助都要表示感谢。需要注意的问题:1. 态度诚恳，言辞恳切。向别人征求建议，尤其是向长辈或自己不熟悉的人征求建议时，态度要诚恳，语气要委婉，让对方感受到自己的诚意。例如，在询问问题时要注意句式的选择，可以使用“Would you please tell me.”之类的正式疑问句。2. 思路清晰，表述清楚。由于询问有可能给对方带来麻烦，所以语言应简洁、清晰、无歧义。层次要分明，表述要清楚，以便让对方一看就能明白你的问题，并能向你提出有针对性的建议。3. 正确把握时态，确保语言的准确性。表述的是目前自己在某一方面遇到的困难或问题，因此应用一般现在时，而描述自己在得到

31、帮助后可能会取得的进步，要用一般将来时。二、常用表达1. 咨询问题:I would like to know whether you can provide me with information regarding. I wish to request information about.2. 交代自己所面临的问题:I have met some trouble in.I find it difficult to.I dont know how to.3. 请求对方给出建议:Would you like to.so that.?Would you mind.?Would you be so

32、kind to tell me.?Could you please.?I would appreciate it if.I would be forever grateful if you could send me informationconcerning.4. 展望自己获得建议后可能会取得的进步:Im sure with your help I can make great progress.I think I will surely.with your advice.In the near future， I am sure I can.5. 表明获取信息的急切心情:Looking f

33、orward to your immediate response.Your attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.I am waiting for your quick reply.Thank you in advance for your cooperation/assistance.如何写评论性博客一、写作技巧随着博客成为现代生活中的一种时尚，从名人到平民百姓，拥有一个自己的博客已经成为一种极为普遍流行的现象。博客文章大部分是议论文，是对某个问题或事件进行分析、评论，表明自己观点的一种文体。与一般议论文不同的是博客点评当

34、下社会现象。议论文有三个要素，即:论点、论据和论证。博客文章应体现议论文的特征。写作步骤：第一段：引出博客的话题以及论点；第二段：分析、论证论点，表明看法；第三段：期待读者评论。注意事项：1. 写作时要注意论点正确，论证严密，语言精练。写博客议论文时，我们首先应准确找出论点、论据以及它们之间的关系，然后整理材料，组织成文。2. 采用多种方法进行论证。用正反、利弊或者对比等论述方法来支持论点。二、常用表达1. 提出现象或争议话题Today I thought Id blog about a question that has been asked many times-how do you st

35、ay safe online and avoid bad experience on the Internet?Today I thought Id blog about urban Waste Classification in Shanghai. Hot search topic: What kind of garbage are you?Today I thought Id blog about the school bullying. What do you think about it and how can you avoid it?2. 分析原因This phenomenon e

36、xists for a number of reasons as follows. First, people want to become famous overnight, so they deliberately put forward some absurd opinions to stir up trouble in society. Second, some make false videos to increase click rate.Bullying is such a large concern for parents of kids of all ages because

37、 this all-too-common problem is linked to depression, anxiety, and even suicide.3. 提出措施Here are some steps to avoid. First, leave the website immediately and never click on anything. Second, learn to protect your privacy and never give out your identity and telephone number.When it comes to., people

38、 should think of. wisely. We can access the Internet within given time, learning English or doing some reading. Plus, being exposed to social media can broaden our horizons as well as obtain new knowledge.Parents should regularly discuss Internet safety with their children.三、写作模板Today Id blog about

39、a question how_（陈述问题). Im not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, if you_, you should_(建议一). Second, protect your privacy. Third, be polite. Being online is no excuse for_(不恰当的事), because_(阐明原因). Have you had any bad experience online or do you have som

40、e good tips for _ (问题)? Post your comment below.如何写海报一、写作技巧海报是一种带有装饰性的广告，有时还配有图画。它包括球讯、电影消息、文娱活动等。海报通常包括标题、正文和结尾三个部分:1. 标题介绍主要信息。2. 正文提供更多相关信息，并提供选择或推荐的理由。3. 落款，要写明单位和日期。二、海报特点1. 文体特点：“短小精悍”是海报突出的文体特点。因此，写海报要做到主旨鲜明、言简意赅、用词准确。2. 语言特点：海报语言要生动、富有鼓动性。3. 标题写作：标题一般写在上方正中。标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如football match (足球比

41、赛)， lecture (讲座)， film news (影讯)等，也可直接写POSTER4. 写作内容：海报的正文内容要写明具体内容、活动时间、地点，以及某些规定、要求、组织者等。内容的表现形式比较自由，根据实际情况和表达效果的需要可考虑用什么字体、字形，用什么样的形式，是否配图画等，可按行排列也可逐项说明。5. 时态：一般用现在时和将来时。三、注意事项1. 海报的格式要正确。海报由标题、正文和结尾三个部分组成，三个部分缺一不可。2. 海报的内容要精练。其内容涉及某个活动、某个主题或某个广告，写作时一定是简洁语言，而不是长篇大论。3. 定稿前的审核。纠正语言错误、解决语句逻辑以及行文不连贯等

42、问题。四、常用素材1. 活动宣传类 开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间Well have a show/football match on July 16th.我们将于7月16日举行一次展览赛。There is a piece of news that well hold a show/football match on July 16th.有消息说我们将于7月16日举行一次展览赛。Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.我们学校将于今晚七点在音乐厅举行英语晚会。 正

43、文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容The match will be wonderful.比赛会非常精彩。You can buy tickets online, and the price is 2 yuan for each.你可以网上订票，每人两元。Call Lily at 51542636 or email.请致电莉莉51542636或发邮箱 结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣Please come and cheer for them.快来给他们加油吧。All are warmly welcome.热烈欢迎各位。Catch the chance, or you will regret

44、. 抓住机会，不会后悔。2. 招聘广告类Would you like to be a volunteer?想成为志愿者吗?You are required to be able to speak English.要求会说英语。You can get.yuan per day/month/year.你可以得到日薪/月薪/年薪元You should have three years of work experience.你应该有三年工作经验。Please callif you want to.请致电3. 警示告诫类Give ugly a chance!给长相丑陋的动物一个机会!One earth,

45、 one world!同一个地球，同一个世界!Garbage classification, its about you, me and him!垃圾分类，关系到你我他!五、写作模板English Summer CampWould you like to spend the summer vocation with your friends? Are you eager to practise_(内容)? Come on! Join us in _(活动). The English summer camp will certain appeal to you. There are _(活动),

46、 such as _(列举具体活动). In this way, not only _(陈述好处一) but also _(陈述好处二). Dont hesitate to take part in _(活动) and enjoy it. _(写海报单位) _(日期)如何写演讲稿一、写作技巧演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿、倡议书等，是人们在工作和学习中经常使用的一种文体，内容通常要有吸引力。同时要明确发言的对象，对不同的听众，内容自然不一样。演讲稿的句子要求短小精悍，有理有据。赞成什么，反对什么，旗帜要鲜明，不能模棱两可。 二、写作指导演讲稿一般由开头、正文和结尾组成。开头和结尾有固定的格式，

47、正文常分为三部分:简短介绍：开场白、演讲主题介绍；正文：具体陈述演讲的内容；结束语：总结演讲内容，致谢。三、常用表达1. 称呼语Ladies and gentlemenFellow studentsDistinguished guestsMr ChairmanHonorable Judges2. 开场白I am honored to be here to share with you my opinion on what to learn in senior high school.Its a great honor to be here to make a speech on behalf

48、of our school/Student Union.Words cannot express how much I appreciate this honor.3. 正文Generally speaking, our life in senior high school is colorful but full of challenges.In my opinion, we have learned a great deal. Not only did we learn more about American culture and customs, but we also learned

49、 how to express ourselves in proper English.This program broadened our horizons as well as bridged some differences between two countries.I want to remind you all that we share the responsibility.4. 结尾I wish you the best of luck in everything you do.I hope all of you will make progress in your acade

50、my (学业) and keep in good health.Thank you very much for your attention.Thats all. Thank you.四、写作模板Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone!Its nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have this opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech. The topic of my speech is _. /Today I will talk about_. /Its nice to talk/speak about_ (演讲的主题).First of all, _. Besides, _. Secondly, _. Whats more, _ (具体内容).As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, we can safely draw the conclusion that_. Thanks for your attention/Listening. (总结演讲)