专题15 阅读理解之词义猜测题解题方法-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）.docx

1、高考阅读理解专题之词义猜测题解题方法知识导图要点精析（一）、题型概述词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种：1在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。2专业化程度较高的词。3生僻词。4常用代词。此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此，考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率

2、。（二）、选项特点1正确选项的特点(1)相应词语的同义词语。(2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。2干扰项的特点(1)对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。(2)故意丢三落四。(3)半对半错。(4)曲解原意。这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达方式，给人似是而非的误导，考生要多加注意。（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题1、阅读理解中词义猜测题的审题、解题方法审题口诀：词义猜测设迷局，破此迷局很容易。上文下文来求索，起承转合透信息。标点符号有暗示，例证、解释是依据。正确答案取而代，通情达理合逻辑。2、解题方法：词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下

3、文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。（四） 、命题方式词句猜测题常见命题方式：1The underlined word.in the.paragraph refers to/means “ _ ”2By saying.in the first paragraph，the author means that _ .3The meaning of.in Paragraph.is related to _.4Which of the following has the cl

4、osest meaning to.(Paragraph.)?5The underlined sentence.in the.paragraph probably means that _.6Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”?（五） 、技法点拨1单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难

5、词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。 (4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行

6、猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him 或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。【典例剖析1】Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that a

7、n astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media.Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other peoples selfies online.41. What does the word “paradox”(paragraph 5) mean?A. compl

8、icated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other peoples selfies online.”可知，我们喜欢自拍，但不喜欢在网上看别人的自拍，这两点是相互矛盾的，由此可知画线词词义为“相互矛盾的说法”，故B项正确。【典例剖析2】Take the mystery of

9、migration for example. Scientists cant really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time,

10、they migrate northwards when though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said “go”, and they did.37. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means _.A. fight B. ignore C. symbolize D. criticize解析 词句猜测题。根据上文Scientists cant really expl

11、ain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏季。)可推断划线句The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having句意：鸟儿似乎在忽视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. ( 当

12、某一时刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划线词词义为“忽视”，与ignore意思相近。故答案为B。【典例剖析3】Nervous suspects locked up in Britains newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.56. The ex

13、pression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might_.A. let suspects keep their balance.B. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court.C. help suspects to confess their crimes.D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours.解析词义猜测题。根据Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) lock

14、ed up in Britains newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。【典例剖析4】I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or

15、social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwill

16、ing parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”57. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.解析 词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I mention the single pare

17、nt with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on .可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。2句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的

18、意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。【典例剖析1】Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii ,and from the unforgettable “Amalfi Drive” to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you

19、choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!62. The underlined part “the area is a feast for the eyes” in the passage means _. A. the area is pleasing to the eye B. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists eye D. the area is crowded with tourists解析 句子理解题。根据这一

20、段中“Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.可猜测出thearea is a feast fortheeyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A。【典例剖析2】London resolved to live a full， exciting lifeHe once said，I would rather be a superb meteor（流星）， every atom of me in magnificent glow，than a sleepy and permanent planet Each day，he pushed hi

21、mself Once London determined that he was going to be a writer，nothing could stop himHis goal was to write at least one thousand words every dayHe refused to stop even when he was sickIn eighteen years，the writer published fiftyone books and hundreds of articlesHe was the bestselling and highestpaid

22、author of his dayMany people also considered him to be the best writerWhite Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wildernessReaders can enjoy Jack Londons energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his nov

23、elsThe underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack LondonAis expert at universe B aims high and strive to succeedCis excited about life if the wildnessD face a choice between life and death解析 句子理解。根据最后一段 He once said， I would rather be a superb meteor（流星）， every atom of me in magni

24、ficent glow， than a sleepy and permanent planet Each day， he pushed himself他曾说：我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的行星每天，他都在鞭策自己可知暗示Jack London要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B课堂典例方法1根据上下文语境进行猜测猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。【典例1】Salvador Dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern arti

25、sts.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importan

26、tly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginn

27、ing, the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限),“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing

28、Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institu

29、tions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida.What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?AArtworks.BProjects. CDonations. DDocuments.解析根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，contributions指“作品”。答案A方法2根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测英语文章中的代

30、词one，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。【典例2】You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes

31、，Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you s

32、ee a problem that you care about，you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult.In fact，it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social condit

33、ions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city，helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets，

34、attracting rats and disease，they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把制成堆肥) this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensiv

35、e and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first，they were refused，but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made，the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious，practical

36、 progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“ _”Athe local farmers BMasqsood and IftekharCDrayton and his team Dthe poor people in the city解析考查代词指代。在1995年，Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们

37、认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝，但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代“the poor people in the city”。答案 D方法3根据同义或类比关系进行猜测当词语被并列连词and，or as well as所连接或词语之间有just as，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。【典例3】1.2.3Something else，however，has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive，GM

38、companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂)On the contrary，US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost pro

39、duction.But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.解析联系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知，其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量，本题的关键词为and。答案 D方法4根据定义或解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，be called/named，b

40、e considered，be defined as(被定义为)，be known as，refer to等；表示同位关系的常见信息词有that is，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather(精确地说)等；有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。【典例4】1.2Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims as its own.Only he and his famil

41、y are welcome there.No other families of the same species are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you，you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.What is a birds “t

42、erritory”？AA place where families of other species are not accepted.BA place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.CAn area for which birds fight against each other.DAn area which a bird considers to be its own.解析文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory”，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territory”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。答案

43、D方法5根据转折或对比关系进行猜测在一个句子或段落中，有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，rather than，instead of，in spite of，on the contrary，on the other hand，in contrast等。【典例5】There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his

44、 flowers，he used two buckets.One was a shiny and new bucket.The other was a very old and dilapidated one，which had seen many years of service，but was now past its best.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?ADirty. BDark.CWornout. DPlainlooking.解析由“one.the other.”结构可知，“old and dil

45、apidated”对应前面的“shiny and new”。由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shiny and new相反，即wornout。答案C方法6根据举例进行猜测在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like，for example，for instance，such as，include等。【典例6】.In his book，he had challenged readers to make deep

46、cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points，such as the melting of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “ _”Afreezing points Bburning pointsCmelting points Dboiling points解析本题要求猜测

47、tipping points的意思，根据下文的例子“such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica”可知，tipping points的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。答案C方法7根据因果关系进行猜测在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。【典例7】1.2Of course，the good of oxen is not limited to plowing.In fact，they are seen as “ boats on land” for

48、their ability to carry loads.Besides，the whole body of an ox is full of treasures.Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition，and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes.With all these qualities，oxen are regarded as generous creatures.The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 r

49、efer to _.Aanimals for taking goods Bcreatures for pulling plowsCtreasures of the folk culture Dtools in the farming economy解析画线部分后的for their ability to carry loads是对前面的解释说明，由此可以很轻松地得到结果：牛被看作“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。答案A方法8根据构词法进行猜测英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词

50、的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un，im，in，dis，il等前缀与less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀ful，ly，ism，ness等可改变词性。【典例8】The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The threeday event is not fixed to the same dates each year，but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists，but even

51、 better attended by localsDuring the opening ceremonies，after the official greetings from the government leaders，people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands，and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beau

52、tiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another，groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns (喇叭) and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees i

53、n the sand，a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long，dark，shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares.The crowd is on its feet for the camel races.Camels and riders run f

54、ar into the distance，and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.Towards the evening，there comes the grand finale of the opening day，an extremely exciting horse race.All the riders run very fast on the horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their saddles (马鞍)Some even ride

55、 upside downtheir legs and feet straight up in the airall at full speed.Others rush down the course together，men arm in arm，on different horses.On and on they go.So fast and so wonderful!The underlined word “finale” in the fourth paragraph most probably means the _of the opening day.A first part Bmi

56、ddle Clast part Dwhole解析由语境“Towards the evening”以及“final，finale，finally”之间的联系可知该词在此处的意思是开幕式中的是后一项，故答案为C。答案C实战演练Reading Comprehension(A) (节选片段）I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012, Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in m

57、y little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined wo

58、rd “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery man Ccollector Dmedical doctor答案B解析词义猜测题。根据本段第二句中的“I have done 89 trips”及“carry stem cells”可知，作者是运送干细胞的人，所以选B项。(B) (节选片段）Words can give voice to previously unknown feelings and thoughts. Thats why its called the talking cure. But just as words reveal s

59、o, too, can they obscure, and this gets us to the listening and feeling part of the therapy. Whatever and however the words are delivered, they will have an impact on me as a therapist. I might feel hopeless, I might feel energized, I might feel pushed away, I might feel demanded of, I might feel pu

60、lled to find solutions.44. The word obscure(paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to_.A. cancel B. clarify C. confirm D. conceal答案D解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中Whatever and however the words are delivered, they will have an impact on me as a therapist.“无论这些话是怎么说的，它们都会对我这个治疗师产生影响。”可知，But just as words reveal so, too,

61、 can they obscure, and this gets us to the listening and feeling part of the therapy.“但是，正如文字所揭示的那样，它们也会变得模糊，这就把我们带到治疗的倾听和感受部分。”由此推知划线词的意思是“隐藏”。故选D。(C) (节选片段）But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence

62、that helped her treat troubles as fuel something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.56. What does the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean? A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles

63、 turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.答案A解析 词义猜测题。根据上文说即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信，尤其是破折号后的something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her （能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺）可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。(D) (节选片段）They didnt.From day two (everyone wa

64、nted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small,

65、medium，and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合)Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understandwhich, strangely, I almost always d

66、id.In no time, she became my fifth appendage(附肢), snoring on my homeoffice couch as I worked, cradling against my feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.56Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”?A“The middleaged

67、person loves me most.”B“The mediumsized woman is the hostess.”C“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”答案D解析句意猜测题。根据前面的内容可知，在狗Misty眼里，small指女儿，medium指作者，large指丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中是友好而又值得信任的”。故选D项。需要注意的是这句话

68、是狗的心理活动。(E)In 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.“As human beings, were drawn to absolutesth

69、e deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obviousplastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are

70、going to continue their rapid collapse.”Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) themeither directly or indirectlycould cause disease. Plastics can also re

71、lease poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which incl

72、ude carbon thats heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the worlds agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release

73、of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxideabout 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidication, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, its harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the foo

74、d web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidication is thought to have played an important role in Earths worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.The effect of climate change on the worlds oc

75、eans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were

76、about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more imp

77、ortant.36. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The authors feelings to the ocean.B. Camerons movies and remarks.C. The authors discoveries under the sea.D. Camerons observation and concern.37. What can we infer from the passage?A. Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.

78、B. More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C. Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.D. Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.38. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Decreases.B. D

79、estruction.C. Diseases.D. Discrimination.39. Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?A. To call on people to protect sea animals.B. To compare current situations with the past.C. To explain how serious the ocean problem is.D. To prove pollution to be the cause of

80、acidification.【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章由詹姆斯卡梅隆的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视。【36题详解】主旨大意题。前两段讲述了大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾。他发声称“Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”。这正是他的所观所想。故选D项。【

81、37题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon thats heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the worlds agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones

82、the size of countries”可知，塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的。故选B项。【38题详解】词义猜测题。A. Decreases减少B. Destruction破坏C. Diseases疾病D. Discrimination歧视。分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的。故选B项。【39题详解】推理判断题。第五段最后一句“Indeed, ocean acidication is thought to have played an important role in Earths worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性。故选C项。