专题21 8AU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）.docx

1、 8AU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语1.Would you like to live in the wild，Eddie?你想住在野外吗，埃迪？(P56)wild在此用作_名词_词，意思是_野外_。in the wild意为“ 在野外 ”【拓展】wild还可用作形容词，意为“野生的”，一般作定语修饰名词；也可跟在连系动词后面作表语。标注：wild在此用作名词，意为“野生”，in the wild意为“在自然环境下；在野外”。【典例讲解】例1. Few giant pandas can survive in the wild even in China.

2、例2. We shouldnt hunt wild animals for food.例3. These roses are wild。【巩固练习】这条河里有许多野生植物。 There are lots of_ in the river.【答案】wild plants 2.Could you please not eat them? 请你不要吃它们好吗？(P56)“Could you please (not) do sth.?”的意思是 请你（不要）做某事 。标注： “Could you please (not) do sth.?”的意思是“请你（不）做某事好吗？”。【典例讲解】Could y

3、ou please look it up in the dictionary?【巩固练习】请你不要呆在这儿好吗？ Could you _ here?【答案】 please not stay 3.I may die without them没有它们我也许会死的。(P56)1.【拓展】die vi. dead dying adj. death n. 2. 【辨析】die of与die from的区别：die of指死于 外因 原因；die from指死于 内因 。3. without是介词，后加 动词ing 。标注：die vi.死dead adj.死的 dying adj.快死的 death n

4、. 死亡。die of指死于疾病、衰老等自身的原因；die from指死于地震、交通事故、雷击等外部原因；死于饮酒、受伤、劳累过度、饥饿、饥寒等两者皆可。without是介词，意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【典例讲解】例1. I dont think he will die.我认为他不会死。例2. There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。【巩固练习】1.用die, dead, dying或death填空：The man_ in the accident. His sudden_ made his family very sad.Two wome

5、n were in the room when the fire happened. One was_ and the other was_ and the doctor was trying to save her.【答案】died death dead dying 4.Theyre the kings of the animal world。它们是动物世界之王。(P57)the kings of的意思是“之王”。【典例讲解】例. Tiger is the king of the forest. 5.This means“hope”。它的意思是“希望”。(P58)1. mean可以用作及物动

6、词，意为“ 意思指什么 ”。2. 【拓展】meaning是名词，意思是“意思；含义”。the meaning of意思是“ 。的含义 ”。It means “hope”. Its meaning is “hope”. 6.At four months old, she weighed about eight kilograms and started to go outside for the first time.在4个月大时，她大约8公斤重，并开始首次外出。(P58)1. at four months old的意思是“在4个月大时”，在本句中作时间状语。“at年龄”的意思是“ 在几岁的时候

7、 ”，相当于“ at the age of ”和“ when sb was+年龄 ”。其中介词at表示的是时间点，意思是指到四个月这个时间前后；而in four months则表示“ 四个月后 ”，指的是整个时间段。2. for the first time 第一次【典例讲解】例1. He learned to swim at eight years old. 他在8岁时学会游泳。He learned to swim when he was eight years old.He learned to swim at the age of eight.例2. Were going on a sc

8、hool trip for the first time.例3. When an American woman meets someone for the first time, she may offer her hand. 7.Eight months later, she was not a small baby any more and weighed over 35 kilograms.)八个月以后，她不再是一只幼熊猫，而且体重已超过35公斤。(P58)例1. They left China after a week.A week later, they left China. 他们

9、一周以后离开了中国。例2. Three days later, I will leave for Nanjing. I will leave for Nanjing in three days. 我将在三天以后去南京。【巩固练习】1. He is in England now. Two years later, he_ (come) to China.2. I_ (meet) her at the bus stop in an hour.3. After a years they_(see) each other again.【答案】1. will come 2. will meet 3. s

10、aw 8.However, the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. 然而，竹林变得越来越少。(P58)smaller and smaller的意思是“ 越来越小 ”。表示“越来越”常用两种方法表示。 more and more+形容词原级 。 形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级 。9.We should take action right away.我们应该立即采取措施。（P58)take action to do sth.的意思是“ 采取行动做某事 ”，其中的action是不可数名词。【典例讲解】例1. Its time to

11、 take action例2. I will take actions to help others.10.If we do nothing, soon there may be none left! 如果我们什么也不做，也许很快一只（大熊猫）都不剩！（P58)1 .none:可与of连用；谓语动词用单数、复数皆可；具体指没有人或物；一般用来回答how manyn【典例讲解】例1. None of us have/has seen him.我们中没有人见过他。例2. -How many students are there in the room? 房间里有多少学生？ -None.一个也没有。

12、例3. - Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有水吗？ -None.没有。例4. -How much money do you have on you? 你身上有多少钱？ -None.一分也没有。【巩固练习】 I want some coffee, but there is _in the pot.A. no one B. something C. none D. Nothing【答案】C2. nothing: 指物；谓语用单数；一般用来回答含anything的一般疑问句及what引导的特殊疑问句。【典例讲解】例1. - What is in the b

13、ox? 盒子里有什么？ -Nothing.什么也没有。例2. - Is there anything in the sky? 天上有什么吗？ - Nothing.什么也没有。例3. - Can you see anything without glasses? 不戴眼镜你能看见什么吗？ -Nothing.什么也看不见。【巩固练习】( )- What else do you need for your trip?-_else. Ive packed everything.A. Nothing B. Anything C. None D. Something【答案】A 3.no onenobody

14、，只指人，意为“没有人”，不能指物，语气比none强，后面不能接of构成的短语。no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数【典例讲解】例. No one/Nobody likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。 4.用于简略回答时，none用来回答How many或How much问句以及含“any(one) of名词”构成的一般疑问句；no onenobody用来回答Who问句及含anyone/anybody构成的一般疑问句。【典例讲解】例1. -How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？ -Non

15、e. 一点也没有。例2. -Who will go to the party?谁将去参加聚会？-No one/Nobody.没有人。 11.However, we do believe that where there is Xi Wang, there is hope.然而，我们确信哪里有“希望”，哪里就有希望。（P58) however与but两者都作“但是，然而”讲，however则必须用逗号与句子其他部分隔开：位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开；位于句中时，其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时，其前用逗号隔开。 do放在believe的前面为强调用法. 英语中，可在动词原形前加上do，do

16、es或did表示强调，翻译成汉语时译作“的确，确实”。【典例讲解】例1. He does like your school.例2. I did go to the park last Sunday.12.Bats cant see, but they can decide to fly the right way with the help of their mouth and ears.（P62) 蝙蝠看不见，但是在它们的嘴和耳朵的帮助下它们能决定正确的飞行路线。【拓展】with the help of sb. with ones help在某人的帮助下【典例讲解】例. I arrived

17、in Shanghai on time with the help of themwith their help. 在他们的帮助下，我按时到达了上海。【巩固练习】With the teachers help, I can work it out._ _ _ _the teacher, I can work it out.【答案】With the help of 13.fewer and fewer living areas越来越少的生存区域（P64)fewer and fewer意为“越来越少”，修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用lessand less。【典例讲解】例. fe

18、wer and fewer mistakes越来越少的错误 less and less bread越来越少的面包 14.I am sorry to hear that听说这件事我感到很难过遗憾。(P64)此句中的that不可改为it，因为该句为习惯用语，不可随意改换。【典例讲解】例. -Li Ming is i11 in hospital.李明生病住院了。 -I am sorry to hear that.听说此事我感到很难过。【巩固练习】( ) -Mother is ill. I have to look after her. -_. A. What a pity B. Thank you

19、C. I am sorry to hear that D. Nothing serious【答案】C 15.What a shame! 真遗憾！(P64)“What a shame!”意为“真可惜！真遗憾！真丢人！”，不可以改为以how开头的感叹句，因为how后接形容词或副词，而本句中没有出现形容词或副词。【典例讲解】例. What a shame! Why did you get up so late? 真丢人！你为什么那么晚才起床？【巩固练习】( )-I got a “C” in the English test. -_You must try harder next time. A. I

20、 am sorry. B. What a shame! C. Thats OK. D. All right.【答案】B 16.Otherwise, there may be no bears left in the world.否则，世界上可能就没有熊了。(P67)1. otherwise adv.要不然，否则。【典例讲解】Get up early. Otherwise, you will be late. 早点起床。否则，你会迟到的。2. there beleft的意思是“有剩下”。【典例讲解】例. There is nothing left in the bag.包里什么也不剩。过语法1.

21、may,can, could的用法can, could的用法【辨析】1. 表能力，意为“能、会”。2. 表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。3. 表请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may.4. could是 can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。【典例讲解】例1. Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？例2. He cant be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。例3. You can(may) go now. 你现在可以走了。例4. I can swim when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会游泳。【巩固练习】-

22、Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?-Yes, you _. But you have to come back before nine.A. shall B. must C. need D. can【答案】D2.may的用法【拓展】1. 表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”。注意：may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustnt或cant, 不用may not, 意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。3. can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。may 的基本

23、用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”，但要再次强调may 表示猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑问句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答则不能用may not, 只能用cant 或者mustnt.【典例讲解】例1. He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。例2. May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书吗？例3. -May I go now? 我现在可以走了么？-No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。【巩固练习】- _ I take the newspaper away?-No

24、, you mustnt. You _ read it only here.A. Must, can B. May, can C. Need, must D. Must, must【答案】B3.动词不定式的用法动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。【拓展】常见的有

25、：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth.停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住忘记去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 记得忘记做过某事有一些动词后面后面是省略to的情况，如see, watch, look at, hear, make, let, help等。常考词组：expect to do 期望做 refuse to do 拒绝做 plan to do计

26、划做 decide to do 决定做agree to do 同意做 learn to do 学会做 hope to do 希望做 prepare to do 准备做 want to do 想做 choose to do 选择做 wait to do 等待做 wish to do 希望做【典例讲解】例1. Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。例2. Its time for class. Stop talking. 上课了，别说话了。例3. Dont forget to turn off the light when you

27、leave the room. 离开房间时，别忘了关上灯。例4. I forgot telling you that before. 我忘记以前告诉过你这件事了。例5. We must remember to turn off the TV. 我们一定要记住关上电视。例6. I remembered sending you some stamps. 我记得给你寄了邮票了。【巩固练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空1. When I saw Jim on my way home, I stopped _ (talk) with him.2. I forgot_ (tell) him about it

28、and told him again.3. You can ask that strong man_ (help) you_ (move) the big stone.4. Who told you_ (do) this?5. Mary decided _ (do) her homework as soon as she got home.6. Do you plan_ (take) Linda out for a walk after supper?【答案】 1. to talk 2. telling 3. to help, move 4. to do 5. to do 6. to take

29、7.He seems very worried. Maybe he forgets _ (bring) his homework here.【答案】to bring8.How much do we need _ (feed) the panda a day?【答案】to feed9.This is my first time _ (see) a baby panda. Its cute.【答案】to see10.Im too tired to walk any further. Lets stop _ (have) a rest.【答案】to have11.Can you tell me wh

30、ere _ (buy) such a good hat?【答案】to buy重难点训练一、单词拼写1.You never see _ (狼) in a park. Do you know why?【答案】wolves2.How many kinds of _ (蜜蜂) are there in the wild?【答案】bees3.My little dogs_ (weigh)is two kilograms.【答案】weight4.What a_ （遗憾；同情）!We missed the wonderful match.【答案】pity5.Some animals are good at

31、_ (protect) their babies in the wild.【答案】protecting6.Jack didnt go to school because of his i_ .【答案】illness7.Did our government make_ (法律)to make people live in an orderly manner?【答案】laws8.The _ (weigh)of Eddie is 15kilograms now.How heavy he is!【答案】weight9.At the_ (begin) of the 21st century,many y

32、oung people liked wearing jeans.【答案】beginning10.A mother giant panda _ (die) in the world. What a pity!【答案】died11.Giant pandas are in_ (dangerous).【答案】danger13.We want to see squirrels in the sea, but there is _ (没有）.【答案】none14.Baby tigers learn how _ (catch) other animals.【答案】to catch二、阅读理解A There

33、are many colours in nature. But do you know that a colour has weight? I think youll say “no”. But I am afraid you are wrong. If you dont believe, you may do a small experiment (实验). First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the boxes. Wrap (包裹) one box with a red piece o

34、f paper, the other with a white piece of paper. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier. Why does it happen? A scientist found that different colours have different weight in a mans mind. So he did many tests and at last he got

35、the result. That is to say, every colour has its own weight in our mind. The heaviest colour is red, then blue, green,. orange, yellow and white. The scientists told us that colours also have smell. Can you smell the colour? Of course not Then why did the scientists say so? That is because every col

36、our represents a kind of light wave (光波)- a certain wavelength (波长). It reaches our brain (大脑) through organs (感觉器官) According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colour they like, and refuse the colour they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colours you li

37、ke. Or youll be nervous or even get ill. If you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture (家具) for two hours, youll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, youll feel you have been there for only one hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room

38、 and into a blue room, his temperature will fall. That means our body temperature will change when we see different colors.1. Which is the lightest color in a mans mind? A. Red B. Blue C. Green D. White2. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Different colors have different weights in a mans mind.

39、B. The color “blue” is the second heaviest color in a mans mind. C. People cant smell the colors. D. The color you dont like will keep you healthy.3. What will happen when you get into a cool colored room from a warm colored room? A. You will feel excited. B. You will be happy and contented. C. Your

40、 temperature will fall. D. You will be nervous.4. According to the passage, how long will you feel if you stay in a red room for an hour? A. Two hours. B. Fours hours C. Six hours D. Eight hours.【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.AB Lets try doing the following experiment.What to do： Use string to hang a paper clip

41、or other small object at about chest（胸部）level. Pick up a stick，such as a broom handle. Take three or four steps away from the paper clip. Now close one eye and walk toward the paper clip. Try to touch it with the tip of the stick. If you miss，try again，still keeping one eye closed. Now try it with b

42、oth eyes open and see if its easier to do.How it works： In the experiment，you have to judge how far away the paper clip is. Your brain has several ways of doing this. One simple way depends on how much your eye has to focus（聚焦）itself. Using only one eye，most people will find it difficult to touch th

43、e paper clip on the first try，but the brain still gets some information about distancethough not much. Your brain can judge distance much better when you look at something with both eyes. In fact，your brain has more than one way to use both eyes in judging distance. For example，to see anything clear

44、ly，you have to make both of your eyes point at the object. When you look at a nearby object，your eyes turn inward. You can feel this happening if you look at the tip of your finger and move your finger toward your nose. Your brain gets information from the eyes about how much they are pointing towar

45、d each other. Using that information，the brain can tell how far away any object is，whether it is a basketball or a paper clip.1.How many materials do we need at least to do the experiment？ A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five2.The passage is mainly about that with eyes our brain can judge . A. how big an

46、 object is B. how high an object is C. how far away an object is D. how much information an object is3.Which of the following is true according to the passage？ A. Our brain judges distance in one way when we use both eyes. B. Our brain cannot judge the distance of a small object but a big one. C. Ho

47、w much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the size of an object. D. How much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the distance of an object.4.From the experiment we can infer（推断） . A. with one eye we can see an object as clearly as we use two eyes B. our eyes turn towards the inside when we look a

48、t an object very near C. within 3 or 4 steps，the nearer an object is，the more clearly we can see it D. our brain can hardly get any information about distance when we use one eye【答案】1.B 2.D 3.BC For many years scientists have said that the earth is getting warmer. Now they have found something new-h

49、ot cities! In the southern US, they have found that cities become very hot in summer. For example, the city of Atlanta in Georgia has roof temperature of up to 50 while it is 27 in the streets! At night, the outside of buildings stays so hot that the heat of the city causes storms over the city! Chi

50、na also has the same kind of problems. Every year more farmland is used for factories or offices. More housing is needed, too. As people become richer, they buy more cars. New roads are needed and new car parks are built in the city centers. This all makes cities hotter. It isnt easy to change the s

51、ituation. City planners say that we should plant more trees in the middle of cities. Every new street should have trees on both sides, they say. Trees make the temperature lower, so we should have more trees in our parks and squares. We should also paint our roofs white. If we do this, they do not b

52、ecome so hot. Every roof in a hot and sunny country should have solar roof panels. The electricity from these can be used to run the air conditioners in the buildings. People continue to cut down forests around the cities. This makes the problem worse. Cities are growing faster and faster. By the ye

53、ar 2025, four fifths of the population will be living in cities. If we go on like this, there will not be enough farmland to feed everyone in the world1: What is NOT the reason that makes cities hotter? AThere are lots of storms BPeople need more housing CMore cars are bought DCity centers have more

54、 roads 2: Which is one way to make the city cooler? ATo plant more trees BTo use air conditioners more CTo build more parks and squares DTo paint the walls white3: What will probably happen in the future according to the fourth paragraph? ACities wont grow very fast BWe will not have enough food CMo

55、st people will move to the countryside DPeople will plant more trees outside the cities 4: What is the best title for the passage? AMore Farmland Is Needed BTrees Make Cities Cooler CCities Are Getting Hotter DScientists Are Worried About Storms 【答案】1.A 2.A3.B 4.C三、书面表达假如你是“保护动物协会”会员，请你根据下面的提示，以“Gia

56、nt Pandas”为题写一篇短文。提示：1、大熊猫是黑白相间的，看上去像熊；2、生活在中国，以竹笋(bamboo shoot)和竹叶为主食；3、森林的数量越来越少，没有足够的食物吃，只有大约100只了；4、应采取的保护措施；5、假如再不采取措施，不久就可能有大熊猫了。【答案】Giant pandas are black and white animals. They look like bears. They live in China. They eat bamboo shoots and leaves. Sadly, giant pandas face serious problems

57、in the wild. The forests are getting smaller and smaller. They dont have enough food to eat. There are only about a thousand giant pandas in the world now. We should take the following actions to protect giant pandas: help pandas have more babies, build more panda reserves, make laws to protect pandas. If we do nothing, soon there may be none left in the world.