专题25 社会热点问题-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇.docx

1、话题二十五 社会热点问题第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1.picnic n._2. pioneer n._ v._3.plain adj._ n._4.poisonous adj._5.precise adj._6.predictable adj._7.preference n._8.prejudice n._9.prepared adj._10.prescription n._11.presentation n._12.preview vt._ n._13.primitive adj._14.principle n._15.principal n._16.priority n._17.pr

2、ocedure n._18._adj.塑料制的；可塑的；做作的；虚伪的19._n.诗人20._adj.宝贵的；珍贵的；珍稀的；被珍惜的21._n.政策；方针；原则；为人之道；保险单22._adj.政治上的；政府的；政权的；政党的23._n.政治；权术；政治信仰；政治学24._n.污染；污染物25._adj.积极的；正面的；明确的；完全的26._v.拥有；具备；控制；使言行失常27._n.职位；邮件v.张贴；邮寄；派驻；发布28._adj.潜在的；可能的29._adj.实用的，可实施的；实际的；明智的30._n.预言；预告；预测31._adj.主要的；基本的；首要的；初等的32._n.囚犯；俘虏

3、；为所困的人33._adj.私人的；私用的；私营的；私下的34._n.特权，特殊待遇；荣幸；优惠35._n.产品；产物；结果；乘积36._n.生产；制造；制作；产量；产生；形成37._adj.专业的；职业的；专门从事的38._n.教授；(大学的)讲师，教员39._vt.禁止；阻止，使不可能40._adj.有希望的；有前途的41._vt.促进；推动；提升_n.提升42._n.压力；挤压；压强；催促；强迫；紧张43._adv.在之前adj.先前的；以前的44._n.瘾君子；对入迷的人45._n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；剧烈震动46._n.趋势，倾向；规范；风尚47.in place_48._为喜

4、欢；受欢迎49.in possession of/take possession of_50.过着贫困的生活_51.practice makes perfect_52.因赞扬某人_53.为做准备_54.in the presence of sb._55.at the price of_56._自豪地57._把某人关进监狱58.in the process_59.取得巨大进步_60._做出承诺词汇拓展1.promote v.促进；推动；促销；推销；提升；晋升The area is being_as a tourist destination.这个地区正被推广为旅游景点。If you keep y

5、our nose clean,the boss might_you.如果你行为规矩，老板可能会提升你。The meeting discussed how to_cooperation between the two countries.会议讨论了如何促进两国的合作。You dont have to sacrifice environmental protection to _economic growth.不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。【联想】promotion n.提升；提拔；晋升；(体育运动队的)晋级，升级；促销活动；广告宣传promotional adj.增进的；促销的promot

6、er n.赞助人；发起者2.possess v.有；拥有；具有(特质);支配；控制To have another language is to _a second soul.掌握另一门语言就是拥有第二个灵魂。Different workers _different skills.不同的工作者有不同的技能。They are rich who_ friends.有友者富。【搭配】possess sth.=be possess of sth.拥有某物possess oneself of sth.使某人拥有某物【联想】possession n,具有；拥有；个人财产；私人物品；控球状态(be)in po

7、ssession of.; get/take possessionof.拥有/占有(be)in the possession of sb.为某人所拥有come into the possession of sb.落人某人手中People had lost their homes and all their possessions.人们失去了自己的家园和所有的财物。【辨析】 have,hold,own,possess,keep区别这些动词均有“有，具有，持有”之意。have为最常用的词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。hold指拥有并保持财产或持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。ow

8、n不及possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。possess较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。keep指长时间地持有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.The supermarkets had to lower the prices_(promote)sales.2.Mary left her most precious_(possess)a small bookcaseto her niece.3. Amer

9、ica has also produced jazz,_is popular with all age groups all over the world.4.After_(promise)to keep the book for me,he broke his word and sold it to someone else.5.The governments pass laws to limit tobacco production and prohibit_(smoke)in public places.二、翻译句子1.Another favorite proverb among our

10、 listeners is Practice makes perfect. This means you will become good at something if you keep doing it._2.我许诺，我一到北京就给你写信。(promise)_3.如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。_4.他幼年时生活清苦，酷爱读书，喜欢书法和篆刻。(live a life)_参考答案1.野餐 2.n.开拓者v.开创；开辟；倡导 3.adj.清楚的；简朴的；平常的n.平原 4.有毒的 5.精确的；细心的6.可预见的 7.偏爱(的食物，人);优先权 8.偏见9.准备好的 10.药

11、方；处方 11.介绍，展示 12.vt.预习，预演n.预告片 13.原始的；落后的 14.原则 15.校长 16.优先事项 17.步骤；程序 18.plastic 19.poet20.precious 21.policy 22.political 23.politics 24.pollution25.positive 26.possess 27.post 28.potential29.practical30. prediction 31. primary 32.prisoner33.private 34.privilege 35. product 36. production37.profes

12、sional38. professor 39. prohibit 40. promising 41.vt. promote n. promotion 42.pressure 43.previous 44.addict 45.shock 46.trend47.在适当的位置 48.be popular with/among 49.占有50.live in poverty/live a poor life 51.熟能生巧52.praise sb. for. 53.make preparations for 54.当着某人的面 55.以的价格 56.with pride 57.put sb.in/se

13、nd sb. to/throw sb. into prison 58.在过程中，在进行中 59.make great progress 60.make a promise词汇拓展1.promoted;promote;promote;promote2.possess;possess;possess活学活用一、1.to promote2.possession 3.which 4.promising 5.smoking二、1.另一个听众喜欢的谚语是“熟能生巧”。意思是你反复不停地做一件事，你将会擅长它。2.I make a promise that I will write to you as so

14、on as I get to Beijing.3.If you keep(on)practising your spoken English, youll soon make great progress.4. He lived a poor life in his childhood and developed interests in reading,calligraphy and seal cutting.第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old peoples home

15、and I visited her there. The room was clean and warm, and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television, and the only other sound was snoring. People moved only when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was disappointing. Grandmother talked a

16、 lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old peoples homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary combining a residential home for the e

17、lderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on.The advantages ar

18、e huge for everyone concerned. The children are happy, because they get a lot more individual attention. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the residents and have an army of

19、assistants to help with the children.Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, families that h

20、ave moved away, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same-increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children, and more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children

21、 who desperately need more support. Ifs a major problem in many societies.Thats why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world.1What does the underlined word “residents” in paragraph 2 probably refer to?AOld people.BScho

22、ol teachers.CAssistants.DStaff.2How were the old people at the home the authors grandmother was in?AThey felt lonely and useless.BThey werent allowed to be visited.CThey werent looked after properly.DThey lived in a dirty and uncomfortable room.3What does the author think is a major problem in many

23、societies today?AThe extended family is broken down.BThere isnt much room for grandparents.CWorking parents have no time to care for their children.DThere isnt much contact between the old and the young.4What will be probably talked about later in the passage?AAdvice on how to communicate with child

24、ren.BPlans for setting up more homes for old people.CExamples of successful intergenerational programs.DWays of teaching entertainment skills to old people.1A2A3D4C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。1词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The idea is simple, but revolutionary combining a

25、 residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. (这个想法很简单，但却是革命性的在同一栋楼里把养老院和幼儿园结合起来)”以及画线词后文“eat lunch together and share activities”可知，这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故画线词意思是“老人”。故选A。2细节理解题。根据第一段“Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandch

26、ildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there .(祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她)”以及第三段中“The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. (老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有用的和被需要的)”可知，作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。3细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Nowadays there is less and less contact betwe

27、en the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. (如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少)”可知，作者认为当今社会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。4推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thats why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. (这就是为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在

28、一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎)”可推知，这篇文章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。（B）语法填空While mothers in most families decide what the family has to eat, fathers words are often seen as more important when it comes _1_ major family issues, such as investment. All these details are sending _2_ signal: Men are still in a dominant p

29、osition in society, according to the ninth Global Gender Gap Report.The report, _3_(release) by the nonprofit organization the World Economic Forum on Oct 28th, found that although the gender gap _4_(narrow) in the past years, men still get more opportunities in education, the economic and political

30、 worlds, and even healthcare.It tracked the gender gaps in1 142 countries and found that in most cases, boys get more chances to go to school than girls. When they grow up, women are more _5_(like) to be full- time moms with no pay and have less say in family decisions._6_ men dominate the adult wor

31、ld, many countries have witnessed a turning point in boys they are losing _7_(they) edge. In 2010, about 64 percent of outstanding high school students in the US were girls. About 45 developing _8_(country) have more girls attending middle school than boys. Especially in China, female students accou

32、nt for 51. 35 percent of the students in higher educational institutions.US author Richard Whitmire once wrote that boys are more _9_(easy) distracted by video games and have fewer male teachers _10_(follow) at school.【答案】1 to2a3released4has been narrowed# has narrowed5likely6While#Though#Although7t

33、heir8countries9easily10to follow【导语】本文是一篇说明文。虽然大多数家庭的母亲决定家庭吃什么，但当涉及到投资等重大家庭问题时，父亲的话往往被视为更重要。当今社会，男女不平等现象依然存在。1考查介词。句意：虽然大多数家庭的母亲决定家庭吃什么，但当涉及到投资等重大家庭问题时，父亲的话往往被视为更重要。when it comes to是固定搭配，意为“当谈到”。故填to。2考查冠词。句意：所有这些细节都在发出一个信号：根据第九次全球性别差距报告，男性在社会中仍然处于主导地位。根据句意，此处指“一个信号”，表泛指，故用不定冠词，signal读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠

34、词a。故填a。3考查过去分词。句意：这份由非营利组织世界经济论坛于10月28日发布的报告发现，尽管过去几年性别差距有所缩小，但男性在教育、经济和政治领域，甚至医疗保健领域仍有更多机会。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。主语report与动词release构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填released。4考查动词的时态和语态。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语in the past years可知，此处应用现在完成时态。narrow既可作及物动词，表示“使窄小”，又可作不及物动词，表示“变窄；缩小”，所以此处既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。故填ha

35、s been narrowed/ has narrowed。5考查形容词。句意：长大后，女性更有可能成为全职妈妈，没有薪水，在家庭决策中的发言权也更少。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。be likely to do是固定用法，意为“有可能做某事”，likely意为“可能的；有希望的”。故填likely。6考查状语从句。句意：虽然男性主宰着成人世界，但许多国家都见证了男孩的转折点他们正在失去优势。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处表“虽然，尽管”，故用引导让步状语从句的连词 while/though/although。置于句首首字母应大写，故填While/Thou

36、gh/Although。7考查物主代词。句意：同上。根据空格后的名词edge“优势”可知，空格处应填入形容词性的物主代词。主语是they，故填their。8考查名词的数。句意：大约有45个发展中国家的女孩上中学的人数多于男孩。根据空格前的数词“45”可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填countries。9考查副词。句意：美国作家Richard Whitmire曾写道，男孩更容易被电子游戏分散注意力，在学校可以跟随的男老师更少。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词distracted，故用easily。故填easily。10考查动词不定式。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。have sb./sth. to do是固定结构，表示“有要做”，此处用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。故填to follow。