专题40 友谊-备战2022高考英语阅读七选五热点话题 体裁分类训练(高考模拟 名校真题).docx

1、备战2022高考英语七选五热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题40 友谊（2019全国高考真题）In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. _1_ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑

2、) of each to their particular circumstance.Dos _2_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion f

3、orums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. _3_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your be

4、st friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. _4_ Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. _5_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a co

5、ncern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.AThats what they are for.BTurn to an online instructor for help.CIf more information is needed, they will ask.DRemember that online professors get a lot of emails.EBelow are so

6、me common dos and donts for online learners.FEveryone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.GAsk questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.（2022广东汕头一模）Having a college roommate is most peoples first experience living with someone who is not related to them. It come

7、s with both benefits and challenges. _6_ You get an instant friend, someone to confide in and keep you company during your first time away from home. However, since many colleges randomly assign your first roommate, you also run the risk of being matched with someone you find challenging. Either way

8、, heres some good advice:Establish some rules_7_ In this way, you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict. Establish what space is whose, when you need quiet time to study, which items you can share, what time you go to bed, if you like to sleep in on weekends and whos allowed to

9、 eat what in the refrigerator.Practice direct communicationPracticing direct communication will help you in good times and bad. Dorm rooms are close quarters, so even if you get along with your roommate, there is bound to be a disagree mentor two. _8_ You cant expect your roommate to be a mind reade

10、r, so if you get upset or frustrated, communicate it to your roommate right away. _9_ Youll find such way gets better reception and ultimately a better response than if you just attack or criticize.Compromise sometimesWhen it comes to doing chores around the room, listening to certain kinds of music

11、, watching different TV shows and requesting privacy, compromise is key. If you give a little your roommate will give a lite Compromising does not refer to giving in to all of someones requests. _10_ So, utilize positive communication, and talk through the things you and your roommate differ on unti

12、l you can reach a compromise.AMake your preferences known from the start.BInstead, it means coming to a mutual agreement.CHandle such conflicts with open communication.DIt refers to persuading others to accept your opinion.EUse a respectful tone and choose your words carefully.FIn this situation, li

13、stening to your roommates is very important.GGetting along with your roommate can enhance your college experience.（2022河南温县第一高级中学一模）When looking to meet new people, try to open yourself up to new experiences. _11_, but you can always learn from the experience and hopefully have some fun.Volunteering

14、 can be a great way to help others while also meeting new people. Volunteering also gives you the opportunity to regularly practice and develop your social skills.Take a class or join a club to meet people with common interests, such as a book group, dinner club, or a sports team. Websites such as M

15、 can help you find local groups. _12_Connect with your alumni(校友) association. Many colleges have alumni associations that meet regularly. _13_, and bringing up old times makes for an easy conversation starter. Some associations also sponsor community service events or workshops where you can meet m

16、ore people.Attend art gallery openings, book readings, lectures, music recitals, or other community events where you can meet people with similar interests. Check with your library or local paper for events near you._14_. Even if youve lived in the same place all your life, take the time to re-explo

17、re your neighborhood attractions. New arrivals to any town or city tend to visit these places firstand theyre often keen to meet new people and establish friendships, too.Cheer on your team. _15_, but if you support a sports team, find out where other fans go to watch the games. You automatically ha

18、ve a shared interestyour teamwhich makes it natural to start up a conversation.AGoing to a bar alone can seem tiringBBehave like someone new to the areaCNot everything you try will lead to successDDog owners often stop and dial with each otherEYou already have the college experience in commonFYou do

19、nt need to ask a deep or meaningful questionGThey connect you with others who share similar interests（2022江苏泰州一模）Every day, a lot of people move house. With a newfound appreciation for space and air, it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible. _16_ Heres some expert advice on

20、how to build a new community._17_Ask people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which you are moving. Posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends friends. It increases the chance that theres someone you will get along with.Dont expect

21、 friends to magically appear_18_ People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives. As people become familiar to us, we like them more, and its completely unconscious.Be open to a broader range of peopleYou h

22、ave spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about, but chances are youre not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly. When it comes to friendships, having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and wellbeing. But even having

23、brief interactions with people in general benefits us. _19_Dont despairRemember to maintain pre-existing friendships, so that youre not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships. _20_ But people dont realize that if they put themselves out there, the process can go faster th

24、an they think. It really makes a difference if youre willing to attend different events; you can really change your social life.AMake a public appeal.BPut some work in before you move.CQuality is best, but quantity still does something.DIt can take a long time to build up new friendships.EBut now th

25、e pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers.FIt doesnt necessarily mean you made the wrong decision in moving.GWe tend to think friendships happen naturally and thats a huge misconception.（2022陕西安康市高新中学一模）Attracting new friends can be scary. Its easy to get in your head and feel like peo

26、ple are judging every little thing you do, but the good news is that these feelings go away over time as you keep putting yourself out there. The more practice you get at interacting with new people and trying new things, the easier itll be to navigate conversations naturally and find people to hang

27、 out with. _21_, youll find yourself attracting new friends in no time；_22_. Its a lot easier to connect with people if you have a common interest to talk about. If you dont have any social hobbies, pick one that appeals to you and find ways to start attending events or gatherings to meet strangers

28、with similar interests. There are hundreds of subcultures and communities you can work your way into just by participating in events with new people. Take a class centered on a topic that interests you. If you, re in school, find a student organization or dub that appeals to you and reach out to see

29、 how you can join. If you arent in school, sign up for a fun class at your local community college, library, or nonprofit organization._23_. Introduce yourself to neighbors at your age the next time you see them._24_. If you have any neighbors that are your age, introduce yourself the next time you

30、run into them. I Strike up a series of small, friendly conversations and gradually build on these chats over time. Eventually, you may make a new friend or two. Strike up more conversations with people you already interact with. Many people make a lot of close friends with the people they work with

31、or go to school with._25_, start talking to them more often. Youll already have something to talk about since you have a shared experience.AIntroduce yourself to neighborsBSo long as youre true to yourself, honest, and friendlyCPick up a new hobby that involves interacting with other peopleDIf you h

32、ave classmates or coworkers that you dont know very wellEMany people make a lot of close friends with the people they work withFYou should pick a new subject to meet other people who are also interested in itGFriendships often develop between people just because theyre in the state of being near（202

33、1湖南衡阳二模）Many people truly want to help a friend who is in pain. But words often fail us at times like these, leaving us stammering (结巴) for the right thing to say. Some people are so afraid to say or do the wrong thing that they choose to do nothing at all._26_ Theres no one perfect way to respond o

34、r to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules._27_ You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad. You may say you would have done things differently if this unlucky thing had happened to you. Of course, I hope you dont get the chance to find out.

35、The unhappiness belongs to your friend. So follow their lead.Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isnt easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will likely get hurt. Dont take it personally._28_ In fact, one of the best things you can do f

36、or a friend in sorrow is to forecast their needs. Dont say, “Call me if theres anything I can do,” because your friend will not call. What you should do is to make concrete offers: “I will stop by each morning on my way to work and take your dog for a quick walk.” Then show up and do it._29_ Hug you

37、r friend, rub their back, and touch their arm. Comfort them with small physical gestures that let them know you care and calm them.Give them hope. Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better._30_AShow your love.BKeep your friend at ease.CInstead, please be tolerant of them.DRemember

38、 to play a supporting role.EAfter all, the future will be full of hope.FTheir heart will heal and life will go on.GThats certainly an option, but its not often a good one.（2021全国模拟预测）Most people dont need convincing that happy relationships are the key to a successful life. When Harvard researchers

39、followed 268 men for more than 70 years, the studys founding director summarized its finding with a single sentence: Happiness is love._31_The magic ratio(比例)for happy relationshipsThe piece comes from newsletter The Profile. Just seven days married, Polina Marinova asked The Profile readers for the

40、ir best marriage tips._32_But in the middle of it comes this one essential but dead simple tip: Make sure your relationship follows the 5:1 ratio._33_Hes perhaps the most respected expert in the field of marriage stability. As the Gottman Institute website explains, “The difference between happy and

41、 unhappy couples is the balance between positive and negative interactions(相互影响)during conflict. The magic ratio is 5 to 1. This means that for every negative interaction during conflict, a stable and happy marriage has five(or more)positive interactions.”A real thing for other relationships, tooIts

42、 important to note that the 5:1 ratio was not invented merely for couples._34_Friendships are more pleasant when both parties make sure that small kindnesses outweigh slights._35_Whats more, the details of maintaining healthy, positive relationships can get tricky, but all relationships are off to a

43、 great start if you begin by setting the 5:1 ratio as a baseline for how you interact with each other.AHumans are, as we all know, complex.BIts a handy standard to keep in mind for all relationships.CThe whole article is worth a read due to the excellent advice.DThe tips were finally collected by a

44、love expert John Gottman.EThis ratio is actually backed by decades of research by John Gottman.FHowever, marriage life can be far happier if the 5:1 ratio is carried out.GThe study also shows loving relationships improve your physical health and job satisfaction.（2021湖北三模）When I was teaching, we tal

45、ked a lot about high vs. low-stakes (风险) writing. Recently, Ive been thinking about friendships the same wayhigh and low-stakes friendships. Since the stakes might be different for men and women, will limit this discussion to womens friendships with men and women. _36_Friendships are high stakes whe

46、n they are intimate (亲密的). _37_ We also depend on the other person for support in difficult times; advice in times of conflict, and sympathy in times of regret. We feel “known” by them. The loss of a high-stakes friend is painful: it has a noticeable impact on our lives.Low-stakes friendships, on th

47、e other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally. We may play bridge or tennis together; go out for dinner with our partners. _38_ We dont share any feelings or experiences that would make us feel emotionally fragile and we do not talk about feelings toward each other. The loss of a low-stakes

48、friend may be regrettable, but it does not leave any mark in our lives.According to Professor Harry Stack Sullivan, the first high-stakes friendship is typically formed in pre-adolescence with friend of the same sex, a “chum” (密友). Chumship is a relationship in which the other persons interest and s

49、ecurity become as important as ones own._39_ The preadolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings. To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Success

50、ful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise. _40_ABut we do not feel “known”.BWhat do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships?CThe formation of chumship is crucial to personality growth.DIt is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later rel

51、ationships.EWe share feelings about important aspects of our lives and about each other.FAn end to the friendship would have a dramatic impact on our sense of well-being.GChumships occur during preadolescence (10-12), but they can continue much longer than that.参考答案：1E2G3A4C5F【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与

52、教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。1根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故E项符合语境。2根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，G项“ma

53、ke sure they are good, thoughtful questions”与后一句相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。3根据前一句Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。4根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.可知，教授不是训练有

54、素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，所以不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故C项符合语境。5通读本段，并根据本段主题句Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F承上启下。故选F。6G7A8C9E10B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了拥有大学室友既有好处也有挑战，作者就如何与室友相处、避免发生冲突，给出了一些建议。6由上一句“It com

55、es with both benefits and challenges.(它既有好处，也有挑战)和下文“However, since many colleges randomly assign your first roommate, you also run the risk of being matched with someone you find challenging. (然而，由于许多大学随机分配给你的一个室友，你也会面临与你觉得有挑战性的人匹配的风险)”可知，上一句阐述“拥有大学室友既有好处，又有挑战”的观点，下文说明“随机分配给室友，你也会面临挑战”，推知该空可能将阐说明拥有

56、大学室友的一个好处，因此，G项“Getting along with your roommate can enhance your college experience.(与室友相处可以增进你的大学经历)”切题，且该项中的“enhance your college experience.”与上一句中的“benefits”相对应。故选G项。7通读本段，尤其是根据本段标题“Establish some rules(制定一些规则)”以及下一句“In this way, you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict. (

57、这样，你和你的室友就清楚地知道如何避免冲突)”可知，A项“Make your preferences known from the start.(从一开始就知道你的偏好)”切题，该项承接本段标题句意，说明制定规则的目的是从一开始就让其他室友知道你的偏好，进接下文谈到用这样的方法可以避免与室友冲突，且该选项中的“known”与下一句中的“are clear”相呼应。故选A项。8由本段标题“Practice direct communication(练习直接沟通)”下一句提到“You cant expect your roommate to be a mind reader, so if you

58、get upset or frustrated, communicate it to your roommate right away. (你不能指望你的室友是一个读心术的人，所以如果你感到不安或沮丧，马上和你的室友沟通)”可知，当与室友有意见不一致的时候，要主动去沟通，因为可能室友对自己不了解，因此，C项“Handle such conflicts with open communication.(以开放的沟通方式处理此类冲突)”切题，该选项与下文构成因果关系，且选项中的“communication”与标题中的“communication”以及下一句中的“communicate”相呼应。故选

59、C项。9根据上一句“You cant expect your roommate to be a mind reader, so if you get upset or frustrated, communicate it to your roommate right away(你不能指望你的室友是一个读心术的人，所以如果你感到不安或沮丧，立即与你的室友沟通)”和下文“Youll find such way gets better reception and ultimately a better response than if you just attack or criticize.(你会

60、发现这样的方式比攻击或批评得到更好的接受和最终更好的回应)”可知，E项“Use a respectful tone and choose your words carefully(用尊重的语气，仔细选择你的话)”切题， 该选项承上启下，顺承上一句提出的“沟通”，阐述应该用尊重的语气正确的沟通， 承接下文句意，良好的沟通方式能得到更好的回应。故选E项。10根据上文“If you give a little your roommate will give a lite Compromising does not refer to giving in to all of someones reque

61、sts.(如果你付出一点，你的室友会做出一个小小的妥协，但这并不意味着对别人的所有要求都做出让步)”以及下文“So, utilize positive communication, and talk through the things you and your roommate differ on until you can reach a compromise.(所以，利用积极的沟通，把你和室友的不同点都说清楚，直到达成妥协)”可知，B项“Instead, it means coming to a mutual agreement.(相反，这意味着达成共同协议) ”切题，该选项与一句构成转

62、折关系，进一步阐述做出一些让步意味着达成协议，且该选项中的“a mutual agreement.”与下一句中的“compromise”相呼应。故选B项。11C12G13E14B15A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了认识新朋友的方法：做志愿者，参加兴趣团体，参加校友会，参与社会活动，重新游览附近景区，以及找到共同为你的球队加油的球迷聚集地。11根据后文“but you can always learn from the experience and hopefully have some fun. (但你总是可以从经验中学习，并希望从中得到一些乐趣。)”提到了好的结果，获得经验，

63、得到乐趣，且“but”表示转折，由此可推知，设空句应是“贬义句”，选项C“Not everything you try will lead to success (不是你努力的每件事都会成功)”提到了“不全是成功的”，与后文构成转折关系，且在词汇上“try”与前文“try to”在词汇上为复现原则，前后衔接紧密。故选C项。12根据前文“Websites such as M can help you find local groups. (像M这样的网站可以帮助你找到当地的团体。)”提出了一个建议：通过网站寻找当地的团体组织。由此可推知，设空句应进一步解释这样的团体组织对于交友有什么帮助。选项G

64、“They connect you with others who share similar interests(它们把你和其他有相似兴趣的人联系在一起)”提到了其帮助所在，即，它们可以帮助联谊兴趣相似的人，“similar interests”与该段首句中“common interests”符合复现原则。故选G项。13根据前文“Many colleges have alumni associations that meet regularly. (许多大学都有校友会定期聚会。)”可知，作者鼓励参加大学校友会。设空句应承接“大学校友会”为话题继续讲述“为什么参加校友会”，选项E“You al

65、ready have the college experience in common (你们已经有了共同的大学经历)”解释了原因：共同的大学经历，且“the college experience in common”与后文“and bringing up old times makes for an easy conversation starter (提起过去的时光是一个很容易的话题)”中的“old times”所指相同。故选E项。14设空句为该段主题句，应包含该段核心话题。根据后文“Even if youve lived in the same place all your life,

66、take the time to re-explore your neighborhood attractions. New arrivals to any town or city tend to visit these places firstand theyre often keen to meet new people and establish friendships, too. (即使你一辈子都住在同一个地方，也要花时间重新探索一下附近的景点。新到城镇或城市的人往往会先去这些地方，他们通常也很想认识新朋友，建立友谊。)”可知，该段主要讲述了要像新搬来城镇的人一样，重新游览附近的景点

67、，这样可以认识到真正新搬来的人。选项B“Behave like someone new to the area (表现得像个新来的人)”在句意上贴合主题。故选B项。15分析可知，设空句与后文为转折关系。后文“but if you support a sports team, find out where other fans go to watch the games (但是如果你支持一个球队，找出其他球迷去哪里看比赛)”提到了找可以和其他人一起看同一个球队比赛地方，即，“集体活动”，因此设空句应提及“个体活动”。选项A“Going to a bar alone can seem tiring

68、(一个人去酒吧似乎感到很疲倦)”在句意上符合分析，在结构上可以与后文构成转折关系，符合语境表达。故选A项。16E17B18G19C20D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍在当前形势下如何建立新的人际关系，给出专家的建议。16根据上文“Every day, a lot of people move house. With a newfound appreciation for space and air, it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible(每天都有很多人搬家。随着对时空的新发现的向往，一种

69、新的生活似乎突然成为可能)”以及下文“Heres some expert advice on how to build a new community.(以下是一些关于如何建立一个新社区的专家建议)”可知，上文提到人们搬家后会面对新的环境，并且下文给出了许多如何建立新的人际关系的建议，所以此处应是表达交友的困难。因此，E项“But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers(但现在，新冠疫情使得与陌生人联系变得更加困难)”切题。故选E项。17根据下文“Posting on social media is proba

70、bly the easiest way to tap your friends friends. It increases the chance that theres someone you will get along with.Dont expect friends to magically appear(在社交媒体上发帖可能是挖掘朋友信息的最简单方式。这会增加你与某人相处的机会)”可知，本段主要建议通过好友和在社交媒体上发布帖子，来联系新家所在地的人来建立新的关系，就能在搬过去后更容易相处，都属于搬家前的准备工作。因此，B项“Put some work in before you mo

71、ve(在你搬家之前先做些工作)”切题。故选B项。18根据本段标题“Dont expect friends to magically appear(不要指望朋友会神奇地出现)”和下文“People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives(人们真的需要主动去那里与人见面，而不是以为朋友会进入他们的生活)”可知，本段主要建仪我们要主动出去社交，而不是认为朋友会自己融入我们的

72、生活，因此，G项“We tend to think friendships happen naturally and thats a huge misconception(我们倾向于认为友谊是自然发生的，这是一个巨大的误解)”切题。故选G项。19根据本段标题“Be open to a broader range of people(向更广泛的人群开放)” 以及上文“When it comes to friendships, having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and wellbeing.

73、 But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us. (说到友谊，拥有亲密的朋友是我们能为健康和幸福做的最好的事情之一。但是，即使是与一般人进行短暂的互动，对我们也有好处)”可知，亲密的好友很重要，那些短暂接触的泛泛之交也很重要，即要有有质量的朋友，但大量的普通朋友也有必要，因此，C项“Quality is best, but quantity still does something.(质量是最好的，但数量仍然起作用)”切题。故选C项。20根据上一句“Remember to maintain pre-e

74、xisting friendships, so that youre not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships.(记住要保持已有的友谊，这样你就不会在发展新的关系时感到孤独和疏远)”可知，D项“It can take a long time to build up new friendships.(建立新的友谊可能需要很长时间)”切题，该选项承接上文，阐述了建立新的友谊可能需要很长时间，因此，为了让自己不感到孤独，要保持已有的友谊，且选项中的“friendships”与上一句中的“friends

75、hips”相呼应。故选D项。21B22C23F24G25D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些交新朋友的方法。21下文“youll find yourself attracting new friends in no time”（你会发现自己很快就吸引了新朋友）说明交到新朋友很容易，前提条件是自己要真诚、友好，与选项B. So long as youre true to yourself, honest, and friendly（只要你对自己真实、诚实、友好）相一致。故选B。22下文“If you dont have any social hobbies, pick one tha

76、t appeals to you and find ways to start attending events or gatherings to meet strangers with similar interests.”（如果您没有任何社交爱好，请选择一个对您有吸引力的爱好，并想办法开始参加活动或聚会，结识志趣相投的陌生人）说明本段主要讲有兴趣爱好的重要性，与选项C. Pick up a new hobby that involves interacting with other people（培养一个新的爱好，包括与他人互动）相一致。故选C。23上文“Take a class cent

77、ered on a topic that interests you.”（参加以您感兴趣的主题为中心的课程）说明本段在讲上学、选课对交新朋友的好处，与选项F. You should pick a new subject to meet other people who are also interested in it（您应该选择一个新学科来结识其他对此感兴趣的人）相一致。故选F。24上文“Introduce yourself to neighbors at your age the next time you see them.”（下次见到同龄的邻居时，请向他们介绍自己）说明和住所附近的人相

78、熟悉对交新朋友的重要性，与选项G. Friendships often develop between people just because theyre in the state of being near（人与人之间的友谊往往只是因为他们处于接近的状态）相一致。故选G。25上文“Strike up more conversations with people you already interact with.”（与您已经与之互动的人进行更多对话）说明你应该和已经认识的人有更多的交流，而你的同事和你的同学就是你已经认识的人，与选项D. If you have classmates or

79、coworkers that you dont know very well（如果您有不太了解的同学或同事）相一致。故选D。26G27D28C29A30F【解析】【分析】【详解】本文是说明文。文章介绍了安慰伤心的朋友的方法。1.上文讲在面对需要安慰的朋友时，一些人们因担心说错话或做的不合适而选择什么都不做，下文“Theres no one perfect way to respond or to support someone you care about, but there are some good ground rules.(没有一个完美的方式来回应或支持你关心的人，但有一些好的可遵循

80、的基本规则) ”说“有方法，可做”，与上文语意有转折关系。G项“Thats certainly an option, but its not often a good one.(这当然是一个选择，但通常不是一个好选择)”中That指代上文“choose to do nothing at all ”，“but its not often a good one.”引出下文，该在段中项承上启下。故选G项。2.设空处是段首中心句。由下文“You are not supposed to be a central figure when your friend feels sad.(当你的朋友感到悲伤时，

81、你不应该成为中心人物)”以及段尾句“So follow their lead.(所以跟着他们走 )”可知，全段讲述的是，安慰悲伤的朋友，不要以自我为中心，要以朋友的感受为主。D项“Remember to play a supporting role.(记住扮演配角 )”符合语境。故选D项。3.上文说“Keep in mind that being with someone who is in pain isnt easy. Your friend cannot show up for their part of the relationship very well, and you will

82、likely get hurt. Dont take it personally.(记住，和一个痛苦的人在一起并不容易。你的朋友可能不能很好地展示他们的角色，你可能会受到伤害。不要认为这是针对你个人的)”中说到陪伴痛苦的朋友可能受到朋友的伤害，但不要认为是针对你，C 项“Instead, please be tolerant of them.(相反，请包容他们)”讲要包容，意义上与其是顺承关系，且其中代词them指代上文Your friend。故选C项。4设空处是段首中心句。根据段中内容可知，作者建议用“small physical gestures ”来“let them know you

83、care and calm them.(让他们知道你关心他们，让他们平静下来)”，A 项“Show your love.(表达你的爱)”语意相关，其中Show指的就是文中“Hug your friend, rub their back, and touch their arm”行为。故选A项。5.上文“Give your friend hope that things will eventually get better.(给你的朋友希望，事情最终会好起来)”主要是说给朋友希望，让朋友明白一切最终都会好起来，F项“Their heart will heal and life will go o

84、n.(他们的心会自愈，生活也会继续)”与上文是顺承关系，是给朋友希望的结果。故选F项。31G32C33E34B35A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明幸福生活的秘诀是爱。31根据前文“When Harvard researchers followed 268 men for more than 70 years, the studys founding director summarized its finding with a single sentence: Happiness is love”(哈佛大学的研究人员在70多年的时间里跟踪调查了268名男性，该

85、研究的创始主任用一句话总结了研究结果：幸福就是爱)可知，前文讲了研究结果，选项G “这项研究还表明，充满爱的关系能改善你的身体健康和工作满意度。”也是讲研究结果，对应选项G中的also。所以选项G切合文意。故选G。32根据前文“The piece comes from newsletter The Profile. Just seven days married, Polina Marinova asked The Profile readers for their best marriage tips.”(这篇文章来自时事通讯The Profile。刚结婚7天，波琳娜马里诺娃就向The Pr

86、ofile网站的读者请教了最好的婚姻小贴士。)可知，此处是讲这篇文章包含了很好的婚姻建议，所以选项C“整篇文章都值得一读，因为其中的建议非常好。”切合文意。故选C。33根据前文“But in the middle of it comes this one essential but dead simple tip: Make sure your relationship follows the 5:1 ratio.”(但在文章中，有一个非常重要但非常简单的建议：确保你们的关系遵循5：1的比例。)可知，选项E中的“This ratio”是指5：1比例，根据后文“Hes perhaps the m

87、ost respected expert in the field of marriage stability.”(他可能是婚姻稳定领域最受尊敬的专家。)可知，空格处提到了一个婚姻专家，根据后文“As the Gottman Institute website explains”(正如戈特曼研究所网站所解释的那样)可知，这个专家是Gottman。所以选项E“这一比例实际上得到了John Gottman数十年研究的支持。”切合文意。故选E。34根据前文“Its important to note that the 5:1 ratio was not invented merely for cou

88、ples.”(值得注意的是，5：1的比例并不仅仅是为夫妻发明的。)可知，5：1比例还适用于除了夫妻关系之外的其它关系，所以选项B“对于所有关系来说，这是一个易于记住的标准。”切合文意。故选B。35根据后文“Whats more, the details of maintaining healthy, positive relationships can get tricky”(并且，维持健康、积极的人际关系的细节可能会变得棘手)可知，此处是讲人际关系非常复杂，根据“Whats more”可知，空格处也是类似的内容，所以选项A “众所周知，人类是复杂的。”切合文意。故选A。36B37E38A39

89、C40D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了高风险和低风险的友谊。36根据上文“When I was teaching, we talked a lot about high vs. low-stakes (风险) writing. Recently, Ive been thinking about friendships the same wayhigh and low-stakes friendships. Since the stakes might be different for men and women, will limit this discussion to wome

90、ns friendships with men and women.（当我教书的时候，我们谈论了很多关于高风险和低风险写作的话题。最近，我一直在思考友谊，就像高风险和低风险的友谊一样。因为男人和女人的利害关系可能不同，这将把讨论局限于女人与男人和女人的友谊。）”，再结合第二段“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate.（当友谊是亲密的时候，它们是高风险的）”，以及第三段“Low-stakes friendships, on the other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally.

91、（另一方面，低风险的友谊更随意，情感上也更有限。）”可以看出，第一段提到友谊有高风险和低风险两种模式，且二、三段分别介绍高风险和低风险友谊的内涵。所以B选项：“What do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships?（我所说的高风险和低风险友谊是什么意思呢？）”，正好起承上启下的作用，故选B。37根据上文“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate.（当友谊是亲密的时候，它们是高风险的）”，因此可以看出，接下来是对高风险友谊的描述。E选项：“We share feelings about im

92、portant aspects of our lives and about each other.（我们彼此分享各自生活的方方面面和对对方的感觉。）”这是高风险友谊的描述之一，符合题意。故选E。38根据第二段的“We feel known by them.（我们觉得他们了解我们。）”，A选项“But we do not feel known.（但我们并不觉得被人知道。）”与其作对比，是对低风险友谊的阐述，符合题意。故选A。39第四段的第二行引出了“密友”，以及第四段的“Chumship is a relationship in which the other persons interest

93、 and security become as important as ones own.（密友是一种关系，在这种关系中，对方的利益和安全变得和自己的一样重要。）”，而设空处空处下一句“The preadolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings.（一个成功地进入密友关系的青春期前的女孩会找到一个能和她分享内心想法和感受的人。）”，这主要是在讲密友关系的重要性，故C项：“The formation of

94、 chumship is crucial to personality growth.（密友关系的形成对人格成长至关重要。）”说明了其重要性。故选C。40根据上文“To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Successful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise.（对她的密友来说，她可以在一种接受的氛围中透露自己最可怕的事情。成功的密友关系提供了一个克服分歧、学会妥协的机会。）”这是在讲发展密友关系带来的好处和机会，因此D选项：“It is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later relationships.（这是一个发展阶段，为以后的关系奠定了基础。）”正好承接上文，故选D。