专题十二 简单句和主谓一致河南中考人教版有答案.docx

1、专题十二 简单句和主谓一致教学目标专题十二简单句和主谓一致学习内容知识梳理 专题十二简单句和主谓一致基本句型、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句与倒装句考点河南省近五年中考统计题型年份20192019201920192019高频考点祈使句单项选择/34题/30题词语运用/66题/疑问句补全对话2问2问3问2问3问完形填空/42题/根据近5年河南真题来看，简单句是考查的高频考点，主要是祈使句、疑问句等。具体如下：祈使句：主要在单项选择(5年2考)中考查；疑问句：主要在补全对话(必考)中涉及，偶尔也会在完形填空中考查。感叹句：最近几年很少考查。预测2019年河南中考补全对话中还会出现2-3问疑问问，祈使句是轮

2、考题，有可能考，有可能不考。句子基本句型：主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语(主语补足语)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语种类按使用目的分类 陈述句疑问句 一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句感叹句按句子类别分： 简单句、并列句、复合句简单句简单句是由单一独立句构成，只包含一个主谓结构，句子的各个成分都有单词或短语表示。河南中考对五大基本句型结构的考查主要体现在补全对话和书面表达题型中。所以学生对这五大基本句型要熟练掌握并运用。句型结构例句主语系动词表语The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。The hat looks nice on you

3、！你戴这顶帽子真好看！主语不及物动词He swims in the river every summer.他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。主语及物动词宾语Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示她所有的照片。主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净整洁。考点 陈述句 ()用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。其分为肯定句和否定句。基本结构否定形式主语系动词表语主语

4、系动词 not表语主语谓语动词其他主语助动词 not谓语动词其他(1)He is my brother. 他是我哥哥。She isnt our teacher. 她不是我们的老师。(2)We meet again. 我们又见面了。I dont like milk. 我不喜欢牛奶。考点 疑问句()用以提出问题的句子叫疑问句， 其包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句等。(1) 一般疑问句(用yes, no回答)：助动词/情态动词/be 动词主语谓语其他？Must I do it now? 我现在必须做吗？Yes, you must. 是的， 你必须。(2) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(组) 一般疑

5、问句？How far is it from your home to the bus station？从你家到公交车站有多远？注意：常用的特殊疑问词(组)有：what, who, which, whose, why, where, when, how, how many, how much, how often, how long, how far等。who询问身份which询问特定的人或物what询问职业或身份when询问时间where询问地点、位置why询问原因how询问方式how词组疑问词含义用法how many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数。how much多少提问数量，后跟不可数名词

6、；提问价格，动词随主语而变。how often多久一次提问频率。how long多长提问持续的时间，答语用“for一段时间”或“since过去时间点”。how soon多久提问将来时间，答语用“in一段时间”。how far多远提问距离。how old多大提问年龄。(3) 选择疑问句：一般疑问句or被选择的部分其他？；特殊疑问句A or B? Do you like the red one or the blue one? 你喜欢红色的还是蓝色的？Which do you like better, apples or oranges？你更喜欢喜欢哪一类，苹果还是橘子？(以上内容为简单句的基本知

7、识，虽不会直接出题，但对掌握和理解其他考点有帮助)【考点抢测】一、单项选择1.(2019六盘水中考)_is it from Liupanshui to Guiyang?Its about 300 kilometers.AHow much BHow many CHow soon DHow far2.(2019北京中考)_did you stop playing? Because I was tired. A How BWhy CWhen DWhere Keys: DB考点 祈使句()祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、禁止、建议等。祈使句的主语you常常省略。句式肯定形式否定形式Do型： 动词原形其

8、他Say it again in English！Dont forget me！Be型： be表语Be careful！Dont be shy！Let型：let宾语动词原形其他Let me help you.Dont let the boy play here.Let the boy not play here.No型：No名词/动名词/No smoking！；No litter！注意：(1) 祈使句的回答用一般将来时。Please remember to bring my notebook to school.请记得把我的笔记本带到学校。OK，I will. 好的，我会的。(2) 在肯定形式

9、的祈使句前加do, 可以加强语气。Do come to school on time next time.下次务必按时到校。(3) 在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省略。This way, please.Go this way, please. 请这边走。 (4)掌握“祈使句and/or结果状语”结构。如：Work harder，and youll get good grades.更加努力，你就会取得好成绩。1. (2019河南)_kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer pla

10、ce to live in.A. Be B. BeingC. To be D. Been2. (2019河南)Do you want to be healthy? _. Smiling can help you stay healthy.A. Smile B. SmilingC. To smile D. Smiled3._ harder，and youll make your dream come true one day. AStudying BTo study CStudy DStudiedKeys AAC考点 感叹句()引导词结构例句如何判定whatWhata/an形容词单数可数名词(主

11、语谓语+其他)！What a beautiful present it is!多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！由a，an开头的多用what；形容词直接加名词的，多用howWhat形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词（主语谓语+其他）！What interesting books they are！多么有趣的书啊！What nice music it is！多美妙的音乐啊！howHow形容词/副词主语谓语+其他！How fine the weather is！天气真好！How形容词a/an单数名词（+主语+谓语+其他）！How beautiful a present！很漂亮的礼物！感叹句用法口诀感叹句，表情感，

12、how，what放句前。名词词组跟what，how与形副紧相连。为了句子更简洁，主谓部分也可略。【考点抢测】一、单项选择1.(2019白银中考)Our classmates are going to Fantawild Adventure(方特欢乐世界) after the exams._exciting idea!AWhat BWhat an CHow an DHow2.(2019连云港中考)_delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!Im glad that you enjoyed it.AHow BHow a CW

13、hat DWhat a3.(2019济宁中考)_wonderful the speech is!AHow BWhat CWhat a DWhat an4. _wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an5. _pale you look! Are you feeling all right?Im not feeling well. Ive got toothache.A. How a B. How C. What a D. WhatKeys: BCACB考点 There b

14、e句型()1. There be 句型表示“某处有某人或某物”。There 无词义，be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语，be动词应采用就近原则。2. There be的基本结构(1) 肯定形式：There be(is/are/was/were) sb./sth.地点。There are two apples and an orange in the basket. 篮子里有两个苹果和一个橘子。(2) 否定形式：There be no/not any sb./sth.地点。There is no/not any water in the bottle.

15、瓶子里没有水。(3) 一般疑问句形式：Be theresb./sth.地点？Is there any milk in the cup? 杯子里有一些牛奶吗？【易错提醒】There be 句型有不同的时态，而且可以和情态动词连用。There used to be a bridge behind the park. 过去这个公园后面有一座桥。(过去时)There must be a mistake somewhere. 某个地方一定出错了。(情态动词)There will/is going to be a new film on Sunday. 周日将有一场新电影上映。(将来时)There be

16、主语doing 介词短语。There is a truck collecting rubbish outside. 外面有一辆收集垃圾的卡车。5. There _some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.A. is B. are C. be D. haveA考点 主谓一致()主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。T

17、he number of students in our class is 50. 我们班的人数是50。【易错提醒】主语后面跟with，along with，as well with, rather than, besides等词时，谓语动词与最前面的主语一致。Everyone except Tom and Jack has come here. 除了汤姆和杰克之外，每个人都来这了。and连接的两个词指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式。The writer and doctor has come. 这位作家兼医生已经来了。either, neither, each, one等of复数名词，以及

18、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each of us has a new book. 我们每个人都有一本新书。a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数；the number of“的数量”，中心词是number，修饰名词，谓语动词用单数。2. 意义一致意义一致指谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义保持一致。(1) 表“时间、重量、长度、价值”等名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three months has passed since you left. 你已经离开三个月了。(2) trousers, gl

19、asses, clothes, shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但若这些词被a pair/two pairs 修饰，谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning. 早晨卖出了五双鞋。(3) “定冠词the 形容词”， 表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数。The blind study in special schools. 盲人在特殊学校学习。3. 就近一致就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语一致。常用的句型有

20、：there be, not only. but also., neither. nor., either.or.等Neither you nor he knows how to use the computer. 你和他都不知道怎么用这台电脑。【考点抢测】1. Both Kate and I _ready for the new high school life.A. amB. is C. are D. be2. Running _a good way to exercise every day.A. is B. wasC. are D. were3. Not only my friends

21、 but also I _interested in football and Messi is our favorite star. A. be B. am C. is D. areCAB综合题库1.(2019武汉中考)Whats the matter，Jenny?_something wrong with my bike.AIt is BThere is CI have DIt has2.(南充中考)Is there a watermelon on the table?_AYes，there is. BYes，it is. CNo，there is. DNo，it isnt.3.(西宁中考

22、)Do you want to be healthy？_Smiling can help you stay healthy.ASmile BSmiling CTo smile DSmiled4.(黑龙江中考)Lets go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August，_？Ashall we Bwill you Cwont you Dwould you5.(长春中考)_me an email before you come to Hangzhou.Ill meet you at the airport.ASending BTo send CSends DSend6.(

23、济南中考)_dressed now！We have to go in ten minutes.OK，mom.AGetting BGet CTo get DGets7.(广东中考)It is reported that cancer can be controlled at a temperature lower than 100 below zero.Really？_nice surprise!AHow BWhat CWhat a DWhat an8.(重庆中考)Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize._great she is！We Chinese are so

24、proud of her.AWhat a BWhat CHow a DHow9.(滨州中考)Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest._big progress she has made！She used to be weak in English.AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat a10.(云南中考)_exciting boat race it was！Many people watched it.AWhat a BWhat an CHow DHow aKeys: BAAADBCDDA2019中考真题1. (2

25、019北京)_ did you stop playing?Because I was tired.A. How B. WhyC. When D. Where2. (2019重庆B卷) _bad day! Its raining hard. We have to stay at home.A. How a B. What aC. How D. What3. (2019随州)_important it is for kids to imagine freely!A. What B. HowC. How an D. What an4. (2019永州) David, _make trouble at

26、 home.A. cant B. dontC. doesnt D. mustnt5. (2019南京)Look! There _a photo of our English teacher in todays newspaper.A. is B. areC. have D. has6. (2019长沙改编)_carefully, please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.A. Drive B. To driveC. Driving D. Drives7. (2019孝感)_will you ask for help when

27、you are in trouble?My parents, I think.A. Who B. WhatC. Where D. When 8. (2019安顺)_there anything new in todays Qianzhong Morning Daily?No. But there _some inspiring stories worth reading.A. Is; isB. Are; areC. Is; areD. Are; is 9. (2019长沙改编)Not only my parents but also my sister _crazy about the TV

28、play in the Name of People.A. is B. areC. have been D. has been10. (2019河南说明与检测七模) _ sweet music!And I really like Sing! China TV programme.A. WhatB. What aC. How D. How a11. (2019郑州八中模拟) _popular the Evening Paper is!Thats true. It has_ many readers in our city.A. What; such B. What; soC. How; such

29、 D. How; so12. (2019省实验三模)_good time we had during our stay in Hainan last year!Yes, _fun we had playing some water sports there!A. What a; what B. How; howC. What a; how D. How a; what 13. (2019洛阳模拟)There_ too much noise here. Lets go somewhere quiet.A. isB. areC. was D. were14. (2019南阳模拟) _ will t

30、he meeting end?In half an hour.A. How long B. How oftenC. How soon D. How far15. (河南原创)_on the grass, or it will “cry”A. To walk B. Not to walkC. Walk D. Dont walk16. (河南原创)What would you like to have for supper, Jack?Either noodles or rice _OK. I dont mind.A. are B. wereC. is D. was 17. (河南原创)A wom

31、an with two young boys _getting into Uncles car.A. are B. isC. was D. were 18. (河南原创)Boys and girls, _learning and have fun!A. keep B. to keepC. keeping D. kept19. (河南原创)There _a number of books in the library and the number of them _increasing.A. has; is B. have; areC. are; is D. is; are 20. (河南原创)

32、 _ do you exercise?Twice a week.A. How old B. How farC. How soon D. How often 21. (2019原创)_are you interested in rock music?Because it makes me feel excited.A. Why B. WhoC. Where D. When22. (2019信阳二模) _ ways to improve your English with your teachers help, or youll get into trouble when you are in A

33、merica next year.A. To find B. FindC. Finding D. Found23. (2019安阳一模) _heavy rain it is! I dont have an umbrella. What shall I do?Dont worry. Let me drive you home.A. How B. WhatC. What a D. How a24. (2019原创)Both Tom and Han Meimei _fond of the TV program.I am also very interested in its experiment c

34、ompetitions.A. is B. amC. was D. are25. (2019原创)There _success and failure in everyones life. We should treat them with a peaceful mind.A. has B. areC. is D. have26. (2019原创)_this rock music. Im afraid someone cant stand the noise.A. Stop B. StoppingC. To stop D. Stopped参考答案：试题精炼：15 B B B B A610 A A C A A1115 D A A C D1620 C B A C D2126 A B C D C A