中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训16-备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练（中考真题 各地模拟题）.docx

1、备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训16（2022山东泰安一模）How Foreigners Can Get COVID-19 Vaccinations in ShenzhenOnline reservations （预约）Foreigners can schedule （安排） a COVID-19 vaccinations （疫苗接种） by following the WeChat official Account “jkshenzhen”. Afterwards, click “Services” “For Fore

2、igners”. Phone reservations will be accepted if an online reservation fails. Vaccinations will not be provided for those without a reservation.CostThe vaccination costs RMB100 per person for those without medical insurance（保险）. Those who have bought medical insurance can receive the vaccination for

3、free.PlaceThe city now has eight vaccination sites （点） for foreigners. They will also remain open during the Labor Day holiday from May 15.TypeThe vaccination offered is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 called Vero Cell. You can choose the manufacturer（生产商）（Sinovac, CanSino, Zhifei, Beijing Biology, Wuhan

4、Biology）you prefer in the reservation.Second Shot （注射）You can get the second shot three to eight weeks after the first shot. If you arent able to receive the second shot within the suggested time, just try to get it as soon as possible. There is no need to start over from the first shot again.1 If f

5、oreigners want to schedule a COVID-19 vaccination online, what should they do first?AClick “Services”.BClick “For Foreigners”.CFollow “jkshenzhen”.DCall the vaccination sites.2Two American girls, Mary and her sister, live in Shenzhen. Only one of them has bought medical insurance here. How much will

6、 their vaccination cost in total?ARMB 100.BRMB 200.CRMB 400.DFree.3Which of the following statements is TRUE?AThe vaccination sites will be closed during the Labor Day holiday.BForeigners can make an phone reservation if an online reservation fails.COld people can get vaccinations without making a r

7、eservation.DYou cant get the second shot if it is nine weeks after the first shot.（2022山东临沂市河东区教育科学研究与发展中心一模）Climate change is a big problem humans are facing. How can we deal with it? Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and us

8、e it to do other things?Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. Its going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel. It will not only be good for Earth, but “will also be important for Mars,” Musk said. The air on Mars is made up of 95 perc

9、ent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.The idea may sound strange but its not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory i

10、n the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO

11、2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 collecting technologies.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。4What is SpaceX working on?AReducing CO2 emissions.BBuilding a new rocket.CTurn

12、ing CO2 into fuel.5What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds?AIt will take energy from the sun.BIt will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.CIt will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air.6What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AHow CO2 can be turned into fuel.BWhere CO2 can be taken.CHo

13、w the energy from the sun can be used.7What can we learn from what Stafford Sheehan said?AScientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocket.BThere will be no CO2 emissions anymore.CSpaceXs idea would be good for the environment.（2022浙江宁波一模）COVID-19 is a strongly contagious (接触性传染的) coronavirus (冠状病毒

14、) that can cause many illnesses like a runny nose, a sore throat, coughs and fever, even it can lead to death. We know it has kept changing so far. Were growing what could be the most contagious coronavirus yet at a safe lab in Toronto, Canada, to study what danger Omicron actually brings. Scientist

15、s know Omicron has more mutations (突变) to the viruses than Alpha and Delta, but it will take very long time to find out what all those mutations mean.We cant just look at one and say oh, because of the mutation at 501 we know this is going to happen, because it happened with Alpha or with Delta. So

16、thats why we have to look at it in the whole thing, which is why we have to do all the work in highly safe labs.Researchers are also studying the growing number of people testing positive for Omicron to answer three very important questions: Whether is it easier to make people sick? Does it lead to

17、more serious illness? Is it easier to break through our immune (免疫) system, especially in vaccinated (接种疫苗的) people? We need to see many kinds of cases, we need to compare it to patients who have the other viruses such as Alpha and Delta to get some ideas. That will take a lot of time.According to t

18、he latest data from South Africa, hospitals reported that they saw a rapidly growing number of mostly unvaccinated patients infected by Omicron. It suggested Omicron is more contagious, but it led to less serious illness compared to Alpha and Delta. The news made some people from all over the world

19、filled with both hope and doubt. I keep my own opinion, because weve seen some news about mutations, but it isnt the fact.For now, Delta is still driving the numbers, since 2021, a large number of people have died from COVID-19, most of them are unvaccinated.8COVID-19 can cause a lot of illnesses, s

20、uch as _.Aa runny nose, a nosebleed and coughsBa runny nose, a sore throat, coughs and feverCa runny nose, a sore throat and a nosebleed and deathDa runny nose, a sore throat, a stomachache and fever9Researchers are trying to answer three important questions to _.Ahelp people get vaccinatedBget some

21、 useful ideasCcompare all kinds of coronavirusDencourage people to get vaccinated10Where is the passage most probably taken from?AA newspaper.BA diary.CA story book.DA notice board.11From the passage, we can infer that _.AOmicron isnt as dangerous as Alpha and DeltaBscientists found the most dangero

22、us coronavirusCwe wont die from COVID-19 if we get vaccinatedDother new coronavirus may appear in the future（2022辽宁沈阳一模）Are you worrying about your weight? Have you heard that an overweight child can lose weight by keeping a dog? Young children who play with family dogs have been found less likely t

23、o be overweight than those who dont have dogs.The Australian researchers, from Melbournes Deakin University in Australia, surveyed 1,100 children aged between 5 and 12. They discovered that those who kept dogs at home were in the best shape, even if they didnt walk their dogs often. According to the

24、 survey, 20% of those who had a dog were overweight, but the percentage (百分比) rose to 25% among the children who didnt live with a dog. In the higher age group of 10 to 12, 27% of those who had a dog were over-weight, and 30% of those who didnt have a pet dog were over-weight.“Even playing incidenta

25、lly(偶然地) with a dog helps a child lose weight,” said Professor Salmon, one of the researchers. “We all know that doing exercise is the key to keeping a healthy weight, but the result is likely to be the same of children owning pet dogs,” she said. “For parents who are worrying about their fat kids,

26、helping them keep pet dogs might be a really good choice”, said Professor Salmon. “The younger the child is, the greater benefit he or she will get.”12In which section (版面) of a newspaper can we probably read the text?ABusiness & MoneyBScience & NatureCHealth & LifeDSport & Entertainment13The survey

27、 was made by _researchers.AChineseBAmericanCFrenchDAustralian14We can learn from the text that _.Aexercise is not the only way to keep a kid in a good shapeB80% of the children in the study groups were overweightCscientists suggest children keep pets when they are olderDchildren who like to keep cut

28、e pets will never become fat15Whats the main idea of the text?AFat childrens best friends are dogs.BParents can teach children how to keep pets.CPet dogs can help children keep in shape.DEvery child must keep a pet dog.（2022湖北襄阳一模）Rules are everywhere. Rules help to make the world a more orderly one

29、. But do you know about any rules on a plane? In general, when you take a plane, you shouldnt eat too much so that you wont be too full. And youd better not eat food that is full of fat and oil. Its bad to take a plane with an empty stomach, too. Exit（紧急出口）seats are always a little bigger and wider,

30、 people can feel more comfortable in such seats. Besides, its safer to sit in an exit seats. If youre sitting in an exit seat, you must know the following information. You must:Be over 15 years old Be healthy to give helpSpeak and understand English well You must not:Touch any button Have a trip wit

31、h a petHave a trip with someone who needs special care. If you cant meet the rules, ask the worker to change the seat with someone. You dont have to say why, just say, “I dont want to sit in an exit seat.”16How many rules about sitting in an exit seat are mentioned in the material?AThree.BSix.CSeven

32、.DNine.17Which of the following passengers is the proper person to sit in an exit seat?AA 12-year-old boy.BAn old man who dont speak English at all.CA young man who is very healthy.DA woman who takes a pet.18The material is mainly about _.Athe basic rules on the trainBthe information about the plane

33、 tripCthe basic rules on the planeDthe exit seat rules on the plane（2022江苏常州一模）Whenever you talk about China, there must be one thing you cannot ignore (忽略) the Chinese food. Most Chinese consider food as an important thing. They do not greet each other with “How are you?” but instead they ask, “Hav

34、e you eaten?” Chinese table manners are still studied today. Here are some examples.Before a meal, guests should wait for the host to invite them to get seated. The seat that is given to the “guest of honor (荣誉)” or the oldest person in the family. The “seat of honor” is usually facing the entrance

35、of the room.The next rule that appears in the seating plan is connected with the “social ranking” of a person. This rule will be accepted even if the dinner is of family get-together. That is, if you are a manager, you may get a closer seat to the “guest of honor”. If you are just a worker, farther.

36、As for the host, he may take the “worst” seat, usually the one nearest the kitchen or the door. It is better to be seated after the “guest of honor” sits down. Chinese people like sharing food together and the dishes are all placed in the center of a round table rather than a rectangular table like

37、in the West. On the table there is a Lazy Susan, which makes all the diners equally reach the served meals and makes everybody feel respected.In China, at the beginning of a formal dinner, the host must first toast (敬酒) to the guests to show his hospitality (热情). Wine, beer or even soda can be used

38、to toast. If you hope to take a drink of wine at a formal dinner, you must first toast another dinner guest. Normally, your glass will be refilled immediately following a toast in preparation for the next one. So Good luck!Of course, there are still many important rules for you to explore.19The unde

39、rlined words “a Lazy Susan” in Paragraph 5 means _.Aa pair of chopsticksBa public spoonCa round disc (圆盘)Da dinner plate20The sentence “Looking at the dinner table, you can see something different.” should be put at the beginning of _.AParagraph 3BParagraph 4CParagraph 5DParagraph 621What is true ac

40、cording to the passage?AThe host usually takes the seat facing the door.BThe guests are mainly offered seats according to their positions.CUsually the oldest person toasts the host first at the beginning of the dinner.DThe culture of food plays the most important role in China.（2022江苏常州一模）Shakespear

41、e, perhaps more than any other writer, made full use of the greatest resources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal use of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner to enjoy the richne

42、ss and varieties (多样化) of the English language than by studying the different ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort, even though some English usage and the meaning of many words have changed since Shakespeares day.However, it is surprising that we should know compa

43、ratively little about the life of the greatest English writer. We know that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon, and that he died there in 1616. He almost certainly attended the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure. We know he was married there in 1582 to Anne Hath

44、away and that he had three children. We know that he spent much of his life in London writing his masterpieces. But this is almost all that we do know.However, what is important about Shakespeares life is not its details but the products, the plays and the poems. For many years, scholars have been t

45、rying to add a few facts about Shakespeares life to the small number we already have and for an equally long time critics (批评) have been theorizing (理论化) about the plays. Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespeare will disappear under a great deal of comment (评论) that has been writte

46、n upon it.Luckily, this is not likely to happen. Shakespeares people have long delighted (使开心) not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere, and will continue to do so after the scholars and critics and all their works have been forgotten.22Whats Para.1 mainly about?AThe great varieties

47、in Shakespeares writing styles.BThe great length of Shakespeares works.CThe richness of the content in Shakespeares works.DThe rich English language used by Shakespeare in his works.23According to the passage, which of the following remains uncertain about Shakespeare?AHis year of birth.BHis marriag

48、e.CHis life in the Grammar School.DHis year of death.24What does the last sentence in Para. 3 mean?APeople cant see the poetry of Shakespeare any more.BThe peoples idea is printed on the poetry of Shakespeare.CPeople dont think the poetry of Shakespeare good any more.DSome people pay more attention

49、to the comment than to Shakespeares poetry.25The underlined phrase “Shakespeares people” in Para. 4 refers to (指的是) “_”.Athe characters in Shakespeares worksBthe people whose first language is EnglishCthe people living in Shakespeares dayDthe readers of Shakespeares works（2022湖北恩施一模）Nature Loving Ki

50、dsHere at Nature Loving Kids, we know how much you want to make a positive difference to our world! So, read on to find out how to protect our earth Save energy and water! On a fine and clear day, hang things outside to dry! This saves energy that would have been used on the dryer (烘干机). If you can,

51、 try cycling, walking, or using public transport to get out and about, instead of using the car. Turn the taps (水龙头) off while brushing your teeth, and take short showers of four minutes or less!Reduce, reuse, recycle! Before you throw something away, stop and think about what else it could be used

52、for!Be an advocate (倡导者)! Share your knowledge with others, and help them become eco-heroes, too! It takes lots of people working together to make changes happen so share, share, share!Be friendly to wildlife! Make your garden wildlife-friendly! You could build a bee hotel, or even create a pool. If

53、 you own a cat that goes outdoors, put a bell around its neck so that vulnerable wildlife can hear it coming and make their escape!26 In Nature Loving Kids, how many pieces of advice are given to protect the earth?AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.27To save energy or water, you should _.Adrive a car to workBdr

54、y things in the sunCtake long showersDbrush teeth with water running28To call on more people to become eco-heroes, you should _.Asave energy and waterBbe an advocateCreduce, reuse and recycleDbe friendly to wildlife29What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in Chinese?A弱小的B家养的C强壮的D野生的30Where

55、can you find the passage?AAn ad.BA story.CA website.DA newspaper.参考答案：1C2A3B【解析】【导语】本文是篇应用文。主要介绍在深圳的外国人如何接种疫苗，包括接种费用，接种时间地点，接种的是哪种疫苗以及第二针接种时间。1细节理解题。根据文中“Online reservation”处的“Foreigners can schedule a COVID-19 vaccinations by following the WeChat official Account jkshenzhen. ”可知，外国人预约接种疫苗要先关注官方微信账号

56、“jkshenzhen”。故选C。2细节理解题。根据文中“Cost”处的“The vaccination costs RMB100 per person for those without medical insurance. Those who have bought medical insurance can receive the vaccination for free.”可知，交了医保的是免费接种，未交医保的是100元一人。题目中玛丽和她妹妹中是有一个交了医保的，因此只需交一个人的费用100元。故选A。3细节理解题。根据文中“Online reservation”处的“ Phone

57、reservations will be accepted if an online reservation fails. ”可知，网上预约失败还可以电话预约，选项B表述正确。故选B。4C5B6A7C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化是人类面临的一个大问题，减少碳排放这很重要。文中介绍了SpaceX将会把二氧化碳转化成燃料，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易，也有利于环保。4细节理解题。根据“Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. Its going to tak

58、e CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.”可知，SpaceX的新项目是把空气中的二氧化碳转化为火箭燃料。故选C。5细节理解题。根据“If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.”可知，如果这个项目能成功的话，它将使从火星到地球的旅行变得更容易。故选B。6段落大意题。根据“According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne Nat

59、ional Laboratory in the US, sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).”可知，第四段主要讲的是如何将二氧化碳转化为燃料。故选A。7推理判断题。根据“If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air”可知，如果以二氧化碳为基础的燃料可以用于火箭发射，我们就可以防止715吨二氧化碳被排放到空气中，由此可推断Stafford Sheehan认为SpaceX的

60、想法将对环境有益。故选C。8B9B10A11D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍科学家对新型冠状病毒变体Alpha、Delta和Omicron的研究和发现。8细节理解题。根据“COVID-19 is a strongly contagious (接触性传染的) coronavirus (冠状病毒) that can cause many illnesses like a runny nose, a sore throat, coughs and fever, even it can lead to death.”可知，新型冠状病毒可引发流涕、喉咙痛、咳嗽、发烧，甚至死亡。故选B。9细节理解题。根据“

61、We need to see many kinds of cases, we need to compare it to patients who have the other viruses such as Alpha and Delta to get some ideas.”可知，研究人员研究Alpha、Delta和Omicron的病例是为了获取一些有用的想法。故选B。10推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍科学家对新型冠状病毒变体Alpha、Delta和Omicron的研究和发现，由此推断文章来自报纸。故选A。11推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，新冠病毒已经突变成Alpha、Delt

62、a和Omicron，而且感染人数还在增加，由此推断还会有更多的新冠病毒变体。故选D。12C13D14A15C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在家中养狗可以降低家里儿童超重的概率。12推理判断题。文章主要讲述了在家中养狗可以降低家里儿童超重概率，文章内容与健康生活有关，故选C。13细节理解题。根据“The Australian researchers, from Melbournes Deakin University in Australia, surveyed 1,100 children aged between 5 and 12.”可知，研究是澳大利亚的研究员做的，故选D。1

63、4细节理解题。根据“We all know that doing exercise is the key to keeping a healthy weight, but the result is likely to be the same of children owning pet dogs”可知，做运动不是唯一的让孩子们身材好的方法，养狗也可以达到同样的效果，故选A。15主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在家中养狗可以降低儿童超重的概率，因此选项C“宠物狗能帮助孩子们保持身材”，符合题意，故选C。16B17C18D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了坐在飞机的紧急出口座位的一些规则。16细节理解题。

64、根据“You must:Be over 15 years oldBe healthy to give helpSpeak and understand English well”和“You must not:Touch any buttonHave a trip with a petHave a trip with someone who needs special care.”可知，文章中提到了关于坐在紧急出口座位的规则一共有六条。故选B。17细节理解题。根据“Be healthy to give help”可知，一个非常健康的年轻人能够给予帮助，适合坐在紧急出口座位上。故选C。18主旨大意

65、题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了坐在飞机的紧急出口座位的一些规则。D选项“出口座位在飞机上是有规则的”符合题意。故选D。19C20C21B【解析】【导语】本文介绍中国的餐桌礼仪。文中介绍客人落座规矩，食物的摆放及敬酒的规矩等餐桌礼仪。19词义猜测题。根据第五段“which makes all the diners equally reach the served meals and makes everybody feel respected”可知，这个东西使得所有的食客都能平等地享用到供应的食物，并让每个人都感到受到尊重，所以此处是指“餐桌上的圆盘”。故选C。20推理判断题。第三、四段介绍落

66、座的规矩，第五段介绍食物的摆放及餐桌上的取食圆盘，第六段介绍敬酒规矩；所以“看餐桌，你可以看到不同的东西”应该放在第五段的开头。故选C。21推理判断题。根据第三段“The next rule that appears in the seating plan is connected with the social ranking of a person.”可知，座位安排与一个人的“社会等级”有关。故选B。22D23C24D25A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了莎士比亚的生平及作品等。22段落大意题。根据“Shakespeare, perhaps more than any other write

67、r, made full use of the greatest resources of the English language.”及全段内容可知，第一段主要介绍莎士比亚在其作品中使用的丰富的英语。故选D。23细节理解题。根据“He almost certainly attended the Grammar School in the town, but of this we cannot be sure.”可知，他上了镇上的语法学校，这点是不能肯定。故选C。24句意猜测题。根据“Sometimes, indeed, it seems that the poetry of Shakespe

68、are will disappear under a great deal of comment (评论) that has been written upon it.”可知，事实上，有时莎士比亚的诗歌似乎会消失在大量的评论之下。表明有些人更关注评论，而不是莎士比亚的诗歌。故选D。25推理判断题。根据“Shakespeares people have long delighted (使开心) not just the English but lovers of literature everywhere”可知，“Shakespeares people”不仅让英国人感到高兴，也让世界各地的文学爱

69、好者感到高兴。此处“Shakespeares people”指的是莎士比亚作品中的人物角色。故选A。26D27B28B29A30C【解析】【导语】本文是一个名叫“Nature Loving Kids”的网站提供的关于如何保护地球的方法。26细节理解题。根据“Save energy and water!”；“Reduce, reuse, recycle!”；“Be an advocate (倡导者)!”；“Be friendly to wildlife!”可知，一共提出了四个保护地球的建议，故选D。27细节理解题。根据“Save energy and water!”中的内容“On a fine

70、and clear day, hang things outside to dry! This saves energy that would have been used on the dryer (烘干机).”可知，天气晴朗的时候，把东西挂在外面晾干！这节省了本应用于烘干机的能源。故选B。28细节理解题。根据“Be an advocate (倡导者)! Share your knowledge with others, and help them become eco-heroes, too! It takes lots of people working together to make

71、 changes happen so share, share, share!”可知，为了号召更多的人成为生态英雄，应该做一个倡导者，故选B。29词义猜测题。根据“If you own a cat that goes outdoors, put a bell around its neck so that vulnerable wildlife can hear it coming and make their escape!”可知，如果在猫的脖子上挂一个铃铛，这样脆弱的野生动物就可以听到它来了，然后逃跑，所以单词“vulnerable”指的是“弱小的”，故选A。30推理判断题。本文是一个名叫“Nature Loving Kids”的网站提供的关于如何保护地球的方法，这篇文章来自网站，故选C。