初升高暑假英语衔接课讲义：第十讲新题型综合训练2.docx

1、第十讲 新题型综合训练2目标导航：1.了解高中英语新题型-概要写作/读后续写/完形填空2.通过典型例题了解此项题型的解题思路3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高，提高认知能力 一、知识整合（一）解题步骤概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：（1）阅读a.把握文章体裁。概要写作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。记叙文的概要写作（A summary of a story/narration）WhoWhatWhenWhereHowThe re

2、sultThe writers point议论文的概要写作（A summary of an argument）Argument 1/supporting detail1Argument 2/supporting detail2说明文的概要写作（A summary of a phenomenon/an exposition）The topicwhatThe reasonwhyThe effectshowThe solution/conclusion不同体裁文章的要点b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词

3、、名词等。c.整合概括大意。根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。（2）写作概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。注意以下几点：a. 准确。准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。b. 客观。在进

4、行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“ I think”和“ I believe”等主观性的词句。由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用 determine代替“ make up ones mind”;用 therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“ as a result”和“ in order to”等。c. 简洁。由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝

5、”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些实例、冗长的说明、描述性的修饰语以及省略或简化图表，删除直接引语的对话。如果必须保留某些重要的对话，可将其改为间接引语的形式，即把对话体变为叙述体；或采用主谓缩写( we arewere；they willtheyll)，句式省略( when he crossed the road= when crossing the road)，合并句子，使用简单句、并列句，with的复合结构，适当使用复合句等方法来进行概要写作。d. 连贯。连接词是内容概要的桥梁，它在句与句或段与段之间起铺垫的作用，能够把内容概要有机地串联起来，确保行文流畅，衔接紧凑

6、。因此，概要写作哪怕只有一个段落，也要根据原文的层次结构，在适当的地方添加连接词，如表示顺序关系的“ firstly” secondly“ finally”；表示并列关系的“ besides”“ in addition”等；表示总结关系的“ to sum up”“in conclusion”等，使所写的内容概要衔接紧密，条理清楚。3检查检查时，考生要注意以下几点：a. 查。查一查要点是否全面；查人称与时态是否正确；查衔接是否连贯；查是否有直接照抄原文的句子；查拼写和语法是否有误；查标点符号及大小写是否正确；等等。b. 数。数一数内容概要的词数是否符合要求，并标出概要写作的总词数。二、专题指津根

7、据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要：Like many new graduates， I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree，with honors，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow， but I had n

8、o idea how to do that. Thats when I learned about the lighthouse Project .I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work， and that I would be away from my family and friends for

9、a very long time. In short， I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.Eventually， however， I won the support of my family， and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations， I managed to stand out

10、among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later， I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja， Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out .After completing my training， I was sent to the vi

11、llage that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor， they offered their homes， hearts， and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so， I taught in t

12、hat same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me .Sometime during that period， I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did though I did not get anywhere with the local language， and Ireturned to the Unite

13、d States a different man. The lighthouse project had changed my life forever. 1文本理解本文是一篇记叙文，全文共五段。第一段讲述作者大学毕业后，对未来充满希望但又不知该如何实现自己的抱负，直到他接触了“灯塔计划”。第二段接着叙述作者为申请做“灯塔计划”志愿者所做的准备。第三段中，作者赢得家人的支持，在激烈的竞争中，脱颖而出成为“灯塔计划”的一员。第四段描述作者成为志愿者后，被派往尼日利亚阿布贾的一个小村庄的生活与工作情况。第五段是作者感悟“灯塔计划”对其人生的影响。2写作思路概要写作基本按照两步走，一是解读文本，二是

14、遣词成文。解读文本本文的体裁是记叙文，叙述作者申请当“灯塔计划”的志愿者，经过重重考核被选中以及被派去尼日利亚阿布贾的一个小村庄工作的经历。这段经历让作者学到了许多，改变了他的人生。结合记叙文文体特点，将主题句直观归纳法和关键词整合归纳法相结合，对文本的主旨大意进行梳理解读。文章第一段介绍事件的背景，描述事情发生的人物、时间，以及事情的起因。通过整合关键词“ graduates；hope；no real idea；make a difference；the Lighthouse project”可归纳出段落大意“A university graduate， hoping to make a d

15、ifference， had no real idea of what to do until he learned about the Lighthouse Project.”。第二段描写事件的发展，即作者为申请做“灯塔计划”的志愿者所做的准备。根据本段的倒数第二句“ In short”，可知该句是对本段前文内容的总结。第三段进一步描述事件的发展，讲述作者赢得家人的支持，在激烈的竞争中成功地成为了“灯塔计划”的志愿者。所以，通过整合关键词“ the support of my family；stood out”可归纳出段落大意“I won the support of my family a

16、nd after fierce competition， I stood out.”。第四段描写作者成为志愿者后，被派往尼日利亚阿布贾的生活与工作情况。本段的关键词为“sent；village；school house；teach”。通过整合关键词，可归纳出段落大意“ I was sent to a village， where I taught in a schoolhouse I had built with some villagers.”。第五段讲述作者对此次经历的感悟，本段的最后一句话是主题句“ The lighthouse project had changed my life f

17、orever.”整理成文概要的整体表述从who/what进行把握，并关注同义替换、过渡衔接、句型结构三个方面。本篇记叙文按照时间顺序进行，根据一系列事件发生的先后顺序排列。可以使用譬如 after、until等表示时间状语的词，并尽量在一个句子中包含尽可能多的信息要点。3参考范文Aftergraduation from university the author was at a loss about how to fulfill his ambition until he decided to land a job with the Lighthouse Project. ( 要点1) Ad

18、equate preparation and family support finally won him the job as a volunteer teacher in a remote village. (要点 2) The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self. (要点3)(61 words)4范文解析要点1介绍了事件发生的背景，用一个介词短语“ after graduation from university”来替换原文中的“ Like many new graduate

19、s， I left university”；“ I was at a loss”替换“ I had no idea howto do that”；“ to fulfill his ambition”替换“ to make a difference in the world”，表达的意思简洁明了。要点2将原文中第二、三、四段的内容进行整合，将作者从申请志愿者所做的准备到赢得家人的支持并最终取得成功成为志愿者及担任志愿者工作的过程用一句话进行表达。运用高级词汇“adequate preparation”来概括原文第二段的内容，“ a volunteer teacher in a remote vi

20、llage”概括原文第四段作者在尼日利亚阿布贾的志愿者工作情况。句子主谓分明，结构清晰，要点涵盖广。要点3可以找到明显段落主题句，即原文第五段的最后一句。该句表达的意思是“灯塔计划”改变了我的人生。结合该段的内容，整合处理为“ The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self.”。三、自我检测（一）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popul

21、ar among language travel students for its unique advantages.These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they have something to worry about.Host family accommodation is often seen as the numberone choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and

22、the cost of living.Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the time of their studying so that they can learn the local language very quickly.You dont know a lot of words and their real meanings until you use them with local people.Living in host families also has

23、the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “ host parents”， and get to know the local way of life, people and culture.Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive.It attracts students，for it ensures them a fami

24、ly of living at a low cost.The advantages，however，have not prevented host families from worrying.On the one hand，some host families are losing their unique selling point.The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities，now generally single and young，have less time available for students，but t

25、he selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice.On the other hand，students expectations have risen.They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation，as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.To get out of

26、 the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service.They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathrooms, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers.They are also providing to students with stru

27、ctured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity for language travel students.（二）完形填空I knew my parents were planning something special for my birthday. I didnt see anybody 41 and there was no shopping. I even doubted that they had 42 it. When I asked my

28、 dad about it, he said, “well go for a 43 tomorrow. But make sure you take your savings.” I felt 44 because a birthday trip was what I really wanted.The next morning my dad and I 45 and soon we reached our destination. It was an old building on the banks of Periyar River. Some 46 were playing around

29、. A man greeted us and 47 us to his office. My father asked me to give my 48 box to that uncle. I saw a big smile in his face but I was a bit 49 . The man told us that all kids we 50 playing outside were all orphans(孤儿) and many of them had 51 going to school. He wanted to build up a school to 52 th

30、em. The school hadnt been completed totally but about 200 children were living in that 53 . I had tears in my eyes. I realized how lucky I was and felt 54 happy that my small coin box would help support his action.He took us around and introduced us to the kids. They 55 us and soon we became good fr

31、iends. We started playing in the open ground and had a great 56 . Soon we were called for lunch. We all sat in a big hall and had a delicious lunch. There were happy 57 all around. It was time for us to 58 the place. I was unwilling to 59 I wanted to play with them. As we drove back I told my father

32、 that was the 60 birthday party in my life.41. A. asked B. shown C. invited D. cared42. A. prepared B. performed C. known D. forgotten43. A. trip B. gameC. course D. march44. A. worried B. tired C. excited D. relaxed45. A. came about B. moved onC. looked around D. set out46. A. players B. kids C. te

33、achers D. workers47. A. raised B. held C. took D. pulled48. A. coin B. tool C. candy D. gift49. A. bored B. frightenedC. impatient D. unhappy50. A. introduced B. reported C. saw D. chased51. A. considered B. stopped C. enjoyed D. escaped52. A. support B. comfort C. please D. encourage53. A. way B. o

34、rganization C. family D. place54. A. strangely B. hardly C. really D. highly55. A. watched B. greeted C. touched D. helped56. A. time B. event C. match D. joke57. A. audiences B. faces C. memories D. actors58. A. praise B. visit C. clean D. leave59. A. but B. because C. so D. though60. A. best B. ki

35、ndest C. busiest D. simplest参考答案自我检测【参考范文】Host family accommodation attracts language travel students, but host families have something to worry about.(要点1) Host family accommodation enables students to have practice in language with locals, experience the local culture and enjoy a relatively lower

36、living expense.(要点2) Nevertheless, its gradually losing its appeal because the host family cannot make enough time for the communication and the students have a higher demand for service.(要点3)To change the current situation, host families are striving to promote their service to retain the students.(要点4)【写作指导】Paragraph 1：寄宿家庭住宿因其独特的优势在留学生中很受欢迎，但是一些事情开始令寄宿家庭感到担忧。Paragraph 2：寄宿家庭住宿的优势体现在以下三个方面：语言学习、文化交流及相对较低的生活成本。Paragraph 3：寄宿家庭住宿的优势并不能减少寄宿家庭的担忧，如寄宿家庭的主人不能花更多的时间陪学生。另外，学生的期待也在增加。Paragraph 4：为改变现状，寄宿家庭在努力提高服务质量，如改善家庭设施以及给学生提供精心组织的活动。完形填空答案： CDACD BCADC BADCB ABDBA