名词性从句引导词（讲义）.docx

1、高中英语名词性从句引导词1. 基本掌握名词性从句的异同及判定方法。2. 系统掌握名词性从句众多引导词的功能及它们之间的辨析。重点：判定名词性从句并选择正确的连接词。难点：掌握名词性从句中不同引导词之间的区别。1. 作为三大从句之一，名词性从句是高中英语中需要重点掌握的知识，也是高考考查的重点。在高考试题中对名词性从句的考查非常频繁，而且出现多年连续考查的情况。2. 在近年的高考试题中，涉及名词性从句的题目突出了对what, that, whatever等引导词的考查，从考查形式来看，试题的设置也越来越灵活，越来越新颖多样：其一，把两种名词性从句融合在一起考查；其二，与状语从句或强调句型结合起来

2、考查；其三，名词性从句与it作形式主语、形式宾语相结合的考查。名词性从句引导词分类名词性从句的引导词可以分作四类：连接词，连接代词，连接副词和“疑问词-ever”等。1. 连接词（不作成分）：that（无实际意思）whether, if“是否”（疑问含义）2. 连接代词（作主、宾、表语）：who, whomwhat, which3. 连接副词（作状、表语）：when，where, why, how4. 疑问词-ever：whoever, whomever, whatever, whicheverIts good to know that the dogs will be well cared

3、for while were away. 知道我们不在的时候狗会被照顾得很好是极好的。It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 新形成的政策能否被投入使用还有待于观察。What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 你在会上所说的话给这个公司勾勒出了一幅光明的未来图景。What I want to tell you is the deep love and re

4、spect I have for my parents. 我想要告诉你的是我所拥有的对父母深深的爱和尊敬。Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue. 警察发现了似乎是遗失古董的东西。The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 在最高水平获得成功的唯一方式是要有完全的信念你比运动界的任何别的人都要优秀。What

5、 struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. 这部电影里对我触动最大的是那位父亲对他儿子深深的爱。From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空来看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约百分之七十一的表面被水覆盖。As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to c

6、hoose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whicheverC. whenever D. wherever答案：B思路分析：本题考查宾语从句连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填内容引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，而C，D两项作状语，可排除；另外，由信息词five courses与choose可知是在给定的范围中做出选择，故排除whatever“无论什么”，选择whichever“无论哪个”。句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以自由选择最适合你的那一门。名词性从句引导词的省略问题名词性从句中的省略仅涉及that，其他引导词均不可省略。1. 主语、表语、同位语从句中that

7、均不可省略；2. 宾语从句中that多数情况下可以省略；3. that引导宾语从句中以下情况不可省略：介词后引导宾语从句that不可省；并列宾语从句中自第二个起that不可省；it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句，that多不可省。I know nothing about him except that he is going abroad for further education.我对他一无所知，除了知道他即将出国深造之外。Little Alice didnt know, Im sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她

8、的姐姐很快就要去美国了。Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。 That they would take the risk was very clear. 他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。 We think it important that college students should master at least one for

9、eign language.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。 He heard the news that his team had won. 他听到了他的队获胜的消息。 The teacher told the students they should hand in their homework the next day and the homework must be signed names by their parents. A. that; what B. what; that C. 不填；that D. that; 不填答案：C思路分析：两空所填的答案均引导宾语从句，视

10、为and连接的两个宾语从句，分别分析从句结构发现，引导词均不作成分，没有实际意思，故而应选择that，而同时又知道并列宾语从句中第二个起that不可省略，故而应当选择C。名词性从句引导词的辨析（一）that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。It is certain

11、 that he will do well in his new job. （主语从句）Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? （宾语从句）My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. （表语从句）The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. （同位语从句）当用that引导从句时，需注意以下情况：1. 在主语从句中，that一般不可省略，尤其是当主语从句位于句首时，它绝对

12、不可省略。如：That our team had won the game was good news to us.2. 在宾语从句中，that可省略。但当句中有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个宾语从句的that不可省略。如：Everybody knows (that) the earth goes round the sun.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.3. 当句子是以it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that不可省略。如：He has made it clear that he will not give in.4

13、. that一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，偶尔可在except, but, besides和in（在于；在方面）的后面引导宾语从句，that不可省略。如：Your homework is quite good except that you have made two small mistakes.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.在其他介词后面需要用

14、that引导宾语从句时，必须用it作形式宾语。如：You may depend on it that I shall always help you.5. 在表语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略。如：My advice is that you must give up smoking right now.The fact that he is a thief shocked all of us.用that / what完成句子1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we

15、won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.答案：1. What 2. That 3. that 4. what 5. what 6. what 7. that 8. that（二）if 和whether 的选用whether 与if的区别，换句话说，

16、是选择whether而不用if的情况。主语、表语、同位语从句中用whether不用if；介词及discuss的宾语从句中用whether不用if；位于句首引导名词性从句用whether不用if；与不定式或or not（直接）连用，用whether不用if；it作形式主语，主语从句后置时，可用whether或者if；whether另可引导让步状语从句，if另可引导条件状语从句。Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.这对我们有益还是有害，还有待察看。The question is whether we should go on

17、with the work.问题是我们是否应该继续做这个工作。There is a heated debate whether English is too hot in China. 在中国英语是否过热引发了热烈的争论。The question whether we need the book has not been considered.我们是否需要那本书这个问题还没有被考虑。He didnt tell me whether / if you will come.他没有告诉我你是否会来。I am worried about whether I hurt your feelings.我很担

18、心我是否伤害到了您的感受。We discussed whether we should hold a class meeting.我们讨论过是否应该举行一次班会。I dont care whether or not he will agree to the plan.我不介意他是否会赞成这个计划。I dont know whether he will win or not.我不知道他是否会赢。I dont know whether to answer her letter.我不知道是否要给她回信。It seemed to me that she was in doubt _ Timmy had

19、 arrived at the airport.A. if B. howC. that D. whether答案：D思路分析：句中说到，就我看来她似乎怀疑Timmy是否到了机场。考查名词性从句的连接词。whether引导同位语从句，解释名词doubt的具体内容。又因为是同位语从句，故而不能选择if。1. What I like about Harvard is _ theres the old classical lookthere are parks and traditional buildings.A. why B. whereC. that D. how2. It is a teach

20、ers responsibility always to hope, _ with learning, a boys character might be changed.A. when B. whatC. that D. which3._ you write so well?By reading and keeping diaries every day.A. How is it that B. Is it how thatC. How it is that D. What is it that4. The Super Girl Wang Beis death highlights the

21、fact _ cosmetic surgery has become one of Chinas biggest beauty secrets.A. that B. whereC. what D. which5. It gives his life a flying start _ he has gone abroad for further education.A. what B. whenC. that D. how6. Good food, good sleep, no exercise. Thats _ he gained weight.A. how B. whenC. what D.

22、 whether答案：1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A思路分析：1. 句意：对于哈佛大学，我所喜欢的是它的古典的风格公园及传统的建筑。考查表语从句的引导词。从句中成分完整，故用单纯连接词that引导。2. 句意：老师的职责总是希望一个孩子通过学习可以改变性格。考查名词性从句的引导词。it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to hope.，that的引导从句作hope的宾语。3. 句意：你怎么写得这么好？通过每天阅读和记日记。考查特殊句式。问句是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，答句补充完整为：It is by reading and keeping diaries every day that I write so well.另外，对方式进行提问用how。4. 句意：超级女声王贝的死亡强烈显示出整容手术已成为中国最大的美容秘诀之一。考查同位语从句。由句意“整容手术已成为中国最大的美容秘诀之一”可知是对名词fact内容的解释，因为不缺成分，故用that引导。5. 句意：他出国进修给了他人生一个新的腾飞的起点。考查连接代词或连接副词的用法。本句中的it为形式主语，空后的句子为真正的主语，主语从句中成分意义完整，故用that引导。6. 句意：美食、酣睡和不运动是他增重的途径。考查表语从句引导词。空后句子为表语从句，引导语境强调的是方式，故用how引导。