备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能 第一部分 过透教材 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 新人教版选择性必修第二册.docx

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists一、阅读理解AScientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the areas environmental health. Theyre measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. We are

2、 counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony（聚居地）， producing young animals every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions， said Alex Borowicz， an ecology researcher at New Yorks Stony Brook University. The work is not easy for cli

3、mate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the areas white background. Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Br

4、ook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the areas whole ecosystem. The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing. Gentoo p

5、enguins prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， gentoo populations moved south. Gentoo penguins dont like sea ice， David Ainley， a biologist who has been studying penguins

6、 for more than 50 years， told Reuters. They mostly search for food over the continental shelf（大陆架） and dont go far out to sea. As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the

7、Adlie penguin species. This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）. When we find Adlie penguins， we typically know sea ice is nearby， Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adlie penguin populations drop s

8、harply. 气候变化一直以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变化的研究。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行观察来研究南极洲的气候变化。1. Why did the researchers choose penguins as their research subject？ A. Because their colony is in good condition.B. Because Antarctica has a large population of penguins. C. Because they are easier to follow and identified th

9、an other animals. D. Because their number changes sharply with the environmental conditions.解析C细节理解题。由第二段中的But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the areas white background可知，研究人员

10、之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨认，故本题选C项。2. What does the underlined word picture in Para. 4 probably mean？ A. Photo.B. Future.C. Prediction.D.Situation.解析D词义猜测题。结合关键性信息counts of individual penguins，data from satellite images，the animals are progressing以及常识我们不难推知，研究人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的发展状况有一个更为全面的了

11、解，那么picture在意义上与situation最为接近，故本题选D项。3.What can we infer about Adlie penguins from the last paragraph？ A. They feed on ice and bring up their babies on ice too. B. They compete for food and space with gentoo penguins.C. They are responsible for the decrease or disappearance of ice.D. They wont live

12、in the west of the Antarctic Peninsula in great numbers.解析D推理判断题。由This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）可知，Adlie penguins对海冰依赖性很强。再由As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those sa

13、me conditions have been worse for the Adlie penguin species可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量减少，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adlie penguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。4. Which is the best title for this text？A. Climate Change Has Put Penguins in DangerB. Scientists Use Penguins to Study Antarctic Climate Change C. The Present Living Conditions f

14、or Penguins in AntarcticaD. Sea Ice Has Different Influences on Gentoo Penguins and Adlie Penguins解析B标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发现，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明了文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来研究南极洲的气候变化，故B项做文章的标题最佳。B科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine， which typically offers blanket recommendations and of

15、fers treatments designed to help more people than they harm but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes we each possess unique characteristics， and that they have an outsize impact on our health.Around the world， researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago： s

16、uperfast DNA sequencing（测序）， tissue engineering， cell reprogramming， gene editing， and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer， heart disease， and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes

17、 in removing some diseases.Last spring， researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer， Judy Perkins. The team， led by Steven Rosenberg， an immune（免疫的） treatment pioneer， had sequenced her cancer cells DNA to analyze the changes in the genet

18、ic structure. The team also extracted a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two years later， Perkins，

19、a retired engineer from Florida， shows no signs of cancer.Thirty years ago， scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. It was like you were talking fairy tales， RazelleKurzrock said. The conventi

20、onal wisdom was that it would never happen. Never！ And then in 2003， never was over.It took the Human Genome Project 13 years， roughly one billion dollars， and scientists from six countries to sequence the first draft of the human genome. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest m

21、achines can produce the results in a day. The technology， combined with advanced cell analysis， clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.个性化医疗正在改变常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其具体表现。【词语积累】personalized adj.为某人特制（或特设）的prospect n.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景sampling n.抽样，取样【熟词生义】blanket常

22、用义：n.毯子；毛毯文中义：adj.包括所有情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的1. What can we know about personalized medicine？A. It has emerged a decade before.B. It offers blanket recommendations.C. It uses genetic information to help patients.D. It administers treatment intended for most people.解析C细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段的例子可知，个性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，

23、故选C项。2.Which best describes those precision tools？A. Promising.B. Highly risky.C. Fruitless.D. Strictly confidential.解析A推理判断题。由第二段中的The science and technology soon.in removing some diseases可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。3.What happened in the process of treating Judy Perkins breast cancer？A. Sequencing her immun

24、e cells.B. Reprogramming her cancer cells.C. Analysis of her lifestyle changes.D. Identification of cancer-fighting cells.解析D细节理解题。由第三段中的The team also.tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells genetic faults.put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells可知，研究人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。4. What

25、does the last paragraph mainly tell us about sequencing？A. Its recent advances.B. Its wide applications.C. Its major disadvantages.D. Its attractive prospects.解析A段落大意题。由最后一段中今昔情况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。二、完形填空2024河北沧州质量检测Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic

26、with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912. His travels in the frozen continent brought him worldwide 1. In December of that year， Mawson and two other 2 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay，3 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples. 4 fol

27、lowed.One of the men， a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis，5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the teams supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others，6 with scurvy（坏血病） and other 7， struggled to return to camp， keeping living first on the

28、 8 dogs， then on starvation food. 9， Xavier Mertz， a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion， died from exhaustion， starvation and possible poisonousness from eating dogs livers.10 to return with the research data， Mawson 11 the elements for 30 days. Finally he returned to the 12 in February of 1913，

29、extremely thin， frost-bitten and exhausted only to 13 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 14 by hours. Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted（封爵） in 1914. In addition to his other 15， Mawson edited and contributed to the

30、 22-volume ReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mawson和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。1. A. praiseB. trustC. worryD. criticism解析A由Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted （封爵） in 1914可知，Mawson的探险受到

31、了世界的赞誉，故选A。2. A. celebritiesB. explorersC. athletesD. astronomers解析B由Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventures in 1912可知，本题选B。3. A. putting offB. showing offC. kicking offD. letting off解析C此处说的是开始了对南极大陆中部的探索，故选C。4. A. WondersB. Bonuses

32、C. FortuneD.Tragedy解析D由.5 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the teams supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others 6 with scurvy（坏血病）.可知，开始探索之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。5. A. tookB.fellC. lookedD. wandered解析BBelgrave Ninns掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。6. A. adjustedB. circulate

33、dC. infectedD. confused解析C另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。7. A. curesB. disabilitiesC. errorsD. illnesses解析D参见上题解析。illness 疾病。8. A. remainingB. wildC. fierceD. hunting解析A参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。9.A. UltimatelyB. NeverthelessC. TemporarilyD. Meanwhile解析A此处说的是最终来自瑞士的Xavier Mertz死于疲劳、饥饿

34、，故选A。10. A. DiscouragedB. RelievedC. DeterminedD. Frightened解析CMawson决心带着研究数据回去，故选C。11. A. combinedB. battledC. containedD. introduced解析BMawson决心带着研究数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。12. A. centerB. normalC. baseD. campus解析C最后，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且疲惫不堪但却发现（discover）错过了营救其他成员（crew）的船好几个小时。13. A. predictB

35、. discoverC. complainD. explain解析B参见上题解析。14. A. passengersB. witnessesC. rescuersD.crew解析D参见第12题解析。15.A. achievementsB. referencesC. servicesD. subjects解析A所填词指的是Mawson取得的成就，故选A。三、语法填空科技创新/2023新疆乌鲁木齐一模Over the past few years， scientists 1（develop） a new artificial intelligence technology that can det

36、ect whether someone is lying through analyzing the muscles in his face.Patches（贴片） placed on a persons face detect muscle activity and then the machine learning technology is used. The machine is able 2（calculate） whether or not the person is telling lies. 3（invent） by Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv Univer

37、sity in Israel， the machine showed an impressive success rate： 73 percent， implying it can catch liars with ease.How would our facial expressions give 4 our lies？ According to researchers from the University of British Columbia， Canada， some of the muscles in our faces change behavior when we are ly

38、ing. Liars 5（usual） raise their eyebrows. They also blink a lot and hold 6（they） eyes closed longer.7（close） the eyes is a way to buy time for the liars so that they can better perfect their stories.Liars often blush（脸红）. Blood flows into the cheeks as they become nervous about the 8（true） possibly

39、being revealed.Liars also have fake smiles.9 real smile often causes the eyes to light up or become smaller. This is because more muscles are used 10 we are happy. A fake smile is often accompanied by dead eyes instead.科学家们开发了一种新的人工智能技术，可以通过分析人脸上的肌肉来判断某人是否在说谎。1.have developed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over t

40、he past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语scientists与develop之间为主谓关系，故填have developed。2.to calculate考查非谓语动词。固定短语be able to do sth.表示能够做某事，故填to calculate。3.Invented考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词。动词invent与the machine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动作已完成，故用过去分词形式Invented。4.away考查固定搭配。give away表示泄露，暴露。5.usually考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故应用副词作状语，所以填usually。6.their考查形容词性物主代词。所填词修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词their。7.Closing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句有系动词is，故is前的部分为主语。此处表示主动关系和一般性行为，故填Closing。8.truth考查名词。空处应填名词truth（事实，真相）。9.A考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且real的发音以辅音音素开头，故填A。10.when/if考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词。再结合句意可知，空处可以用when引导时间状语从句；空处也可以用if引导条件状语从句。