2013届新课标高考一轮复习（英语） 浙江专版课件：PART2 第5讲 介词.ppt

1、定义：介词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类作它的宾语。分类：1由一个单词构成的介词，叫作简单介词。2由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词，叫作复杂介词。3由两个介词构成的介词，叫作双重介词。指出介词短语在句中充当的成分1.He is a writer of promise.他是一个有前途的作家。2.The book is out of print.此书已绝版。1介词短语在句中充当什么成分？表语 定语3.The umbrella was eventually found behind the door.雨伞最终在门后面找到。4.Keeping eve

2、rything in good order takes energy.把一切弄得井然有序很花精力。主补 1介词短语在句中充当什么成分？宾补 5.Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想通过语言来表达。6.To my delight,he has recovered.使我高兴的是，他已经康复。独立成分(插入语)1介词短语在句中充当什么成分？状语1介词短语/词组在句中作定语，表语，状语，(主/宾)补语，或独立成分。在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律1.What will happen _ the 22nd century?2.The stor

3、y of The Long March took place_ the 1930s.3.A terrible disturbance broke out _ 1989.4.Generally,fishing is forbidden _ Spring.2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？inininin5.Mothers Day falls _the second Sunday of May.6._ those old days,farmers led a miserable life.7.I received a card posted from the UK _Christmas.8.Readin

4、g English aloud _ the morning helps improve our English study.9.The theft happened_ noon,when all the workers were sleeping.Inonatinat2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？10.Did you witness the traffic accident _ a rainy morning?11.Traffic jams are quite usual _ Friday afternoon.12.The City Library opened _eight_ the morn

5、ing_ this week.13.Days _ Monday_ Friday are called weekdays.ononat infrom 不填to2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？14.It is said that the railway will be put into use _ three months.15.WW began in 1939 and _ 6 years it came to an end.16.You may go to have breakfast _6 oclock _ 8 oclock.17.She is always talking _lunch time

6、.after inbetweenandduring/at2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？18.You plane leaves at 10 and you should get your package ready _8 oclock.19.I didnt go to sleep _ deep into the night.20.China has experienced great changes _ liberation.since untilby2常见表示时间的介词有哪些？2可以连接时间的介词十分繁多。1在某个世纪用介词in2.在某个年代用介词in3.在某一年用介词in4.在某个季节用介词i

7、n5.在某一天用介词on6.在某些日子里(复数)用介词in27.在圣诞节用介词at，但注意：on Christmas Day。8.在笼统的上午，下午，晚上用介词in9.在 一 天 的 某 个 特 定 部 分(dawn，sunrise，daybreak，noon，sunset，night)用at，此时名词前无修饰词。10.在一天的某个部分前有形容词修饰时用介词on11.在具体某天的某个部分用介词on212.在某时刻用介词at，时间名词前有this，that，next，last修饰时，介词省略。13.表示时间起止用fromto14.以现在为起点，过多久以后用介词 in15.以过去为起点，过多久以后

8、用介词after16.在之间用介词betweenand 217.在期间用介词during 18.到什么时候为止用介词by19.直到什么时间用until20.从过去时间点到现在用介词since根据汉语提示，填写正确的介词1._ 在某地点(表示比较小的地方)2._ 在某地(表示比较大的地方)3._the farm在农场4._在上面(有接触面)5._ 在上方6._ 在正上方7._ 在正下方，在以下3表示地点，方向/方位的介词有哪些？at in ononabove over under 8._ 在下方(不一定是正下方)9._ 在的旁边(比near的距离要近)10._ 在两者之间11._ 在两者以上之间

9、12._ 环绕，在的周围，在的四周13._ 在对面14._ 在后边15._ 在之内(表示静态)16._ 进入 below by between amongaround/about opposite behind in into3表示地点，方向/方位的介词有哪些？17._从出来18._沿着19._横过(平面物体)20._贯通，通过21._去/朝22._从地点起23._在的前面24._在的前部25._在中部out ofalong acrossthrough to/for/toward from in front of in the front of in the middle of3表示地点，方向

10、/方位的介词有哪些？26._在中心27._在腹地28._在的脚下29._在的底端30._在的后部31._在的顶部32._超出(范围)，在较远的一边33._越过34._靠近in/at the center of in the heart of at the foot of at the bottom of at the back of at/on the top of beyond over near/next to3表示地点，方向/方位的介词有哪些？3表示地点、方向/方位的介词，数量繁多(如上所述)，学习时要注意其用法区别。在句中空格上填上适当的介词，并总结其用法规律1.The soldier

11、 was severely punished _having disobeyed the order.这个士兵因违背命令受到了严厉处罚。2.The old man died_ hunger on a cold night.那位老人饿死在一个寒冷的晚上。3.The little girls hands turned red_ cold.小女孩的手冻红了。4表示原因的介词有哪些？forofwith4.A number of smokers died _ lung cancer.许多吸烟者死于肺癌。5.The pupil didnt go to school _ _ his illness.这个学生

12、因病未去上学。6.He did it totally _ _ kindness,not for the money.他做那件事完全是出于好意，而不是为了金钱。of/fromofofbecause 4表示原因的介词有哪些？out 4表示原因的介词主要有：1.for，用于常见结构：thank sb.for(doing)sth.praise sb.for(doing)sth.reward sb.for(doing)sth.scold sb.for(doing)sth.4表示原因的介词主要有：1.for，用于常见结构：punish sb.for(doing)sth.criticize sb.for(d

13、oing)sth.apologize to sb.for(doing)sth.charge sb.some money for(doing)sth.42.of/from,用于常见结构：die of；die from；be tired of；be tired from;suffer from 3.with,用于常见结构：be pleased with；be bored with；be satisfied with；be angry with;with anger;with cold 4.because of，同义表达有：on account of;as a result of;due to;ow

14、ing to;thanks to5.out of，接抽象名词，有“出于”之意。翻译下列句子，指出画线介词或介词短语的用法1.Most of the time,we communicate each other byemail.5表示方式的介词有哪些？答案大多数时间我们通过电子邮件相互联系。by 常接交通工具，通讯工具，此时名词用单数且其前无修饰词。也可接动名词，表方式。2.Please fill in the form in pen.答案请用钢笔字体填表。in后接抽象名词，通常表“用字体”，“用语言”，“用颜色”等，表示用何种字体时，书写工具名词用单数且其前无修饰词。5表示方式的介词有哪些？3

15、.Man creates lots of things with his hands.答案人类用双手创造出许多东西。with 常接表达具体工具的词，有时也可接语言。4.You shall give me a reply in the form of letter.答案你得以书信形式回复我。in the form of 表“以何种形式”。5表示方式的介词有哪些？5.People from different cultures can even understand each other by means of gestures.答案不同文化背景的人们甚至可以通过手势达成理解。by means o

16、f 表“以何种方式”。6.Its quite strange that the worker trapped underground should have survived on a piece of bread.答案困在地下的那个工人竟然靠一片面包活了下来，实在不可思议。on 表“凭借、依靠”。5表示方式的介词有哪些？7.Only through practice can we gain useful knowledge.答案只有通过实践才能获得有用的知识。through 强调“经历、经过”。8.In order not to be seen by the teacher,she went

17、 out of the classroom on tiptoe.答案 为了不让老师发现，她蹑手蹑脚走出了教室。on 表特殊行走，交通方式，仅限于on foot，on tiptoe,on horseback(骑马)等用法中。5表示方式的介词有哪些？5表示方式的介词有by，in，with，on,in the form of,by means of，through等。6含介词to的短语有哪些？用括号中的词的适当形式完成句子1.When come to _(repair)electric devices,my friend is an expert.2.We have come to_(realize

18、)the importance of selfprotection.3.Wood can be used to _(make)fire.4.Having lived in Hunan Province for ten years，Ive been used to_(eat)hot food.repairingrealizemakeeating遇到含有to的短语，要弄清楚to是不定式符号还是介词。如果to是介词，宜用动名词作宾语，如to为不定式符号，其后用原形。常见含介词to的短语为：be/get/become used to(习惯于)be related to(和有联系)be addicted

19、 to(沉溺于；对上瘾)be opposed to(反对)devote oneself to/be devoted to(献身于)6be admitted to(被录取，准进入)be reduced to(沦为)/reduceto(使沦为)be attached to(附属于，爱慕，爱恋，敬仰)adjust oneself(使适应)to/be adjusted to(适应)/adjust to适应be adapted to(适应)/adapt oneself to 适应be known to(为所知)6be married to(和结婚)be sentenced to(被判处)be conne

20、cted to(和连在一起)be exposed to(暴露于/遭受/接触)be compared to(被比喻成)/compare to(把比成)be/become/get accustomed to(习惯于，有习惯)/accustom oneself to(使习惯于)6be engaged to(和订婚)get down to(着手做)lead to(导致)object to(反对)put ones mind to(全神贯注于)look forward to(盼望)pay attention to(注意)stick to(坚持)6attend to(处理，照料)see to(负责)contribute to(对作贡献)make contributions to(对作贡献)apply oneself to(致力于)come close to(几乎，将近)reply to(回答)add to(增加)6add up to(加起来)in addition to除之外(还)turn to(转向，求助于)look up to(向上看，尊敬)belong to(属于)take to(喜爱，开始)respond to(回答)6