2014-2015学年高中英语配套课件：选修8 UNIT 5 PERIOD 3（人教版重庆专用）.ppt

1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地肯定句：have/hasdone否定句：havent/hasnt done一般疑问句：Have/Has主语 done.?表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在造成的影响或产生Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Period 3 Grammar&Writing 课件（人教版选修8，重庆专用）现在完成时和现在完成进行时一、现在完成时1结构2意义重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地的结果。常与just，already，yet等副词连用。I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了)Jane has laid the

2、 table.(简已经摆好了桌子)Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作或状态，常与for时间段，since时间点，so far,up to now，lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days等表示一段时间的状语连用。We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958

3、.我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地肯定句：have/has been doing否定句：has/have not been doing一般疑问句：Have/Has主语been doing?表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续

4、下去)二、现在完成进行时1结构2意义重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。They have been discussing the matter several times this year.这件事他们今年已经讨论好几次了。I have been waiting to see you for

5、a long time.我想要见你已好久了。3表示某种感情色彩。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地I have worked in this school since 2001.I have been working here since 2001.Mr.Smith has taught English for 20 years.Mr.Smith has been teaching English for 20 years.三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点1.在和一段时间状语连用时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作。2.现在完成时和现在完成进行时

6、都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块。She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，有可能还要进行下去的动作，一般不与already或ever等连用。We have been learning Module 4.我们一直在学习第四模块(不一定学完)四、现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点1.现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态，常常与alrea

7、dy“已经”或ever“曾经”连用。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意下面这组句子含义上的区别：I have read the novel.我看过那本书了。(已看完)I have been reading the novel.(一直在看，不一定看完)I have met him at the library.(我在图书馆见过他。)I have been meeting him at the library.(我经常在图书馆看见他。)You look so tired,what have you been doing?2相对于现在完成时表示一次性，现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复。3现在完

8、成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作，但现在完成时强调的是动作的结果，而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地你看起来很累，做什么了？(强调动作)We are very tired.Weve been cleaning the house.我们很累，我们刚才在打扫房子。(强调该动作所导致)Weve cleaned the house.You may come in now.我们打扫过房子了，你可以进来了。(强调结果“房子干净”)(误)I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(正)I

9、 have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.4现在完成进行时态不能用来谈论某个动作的具体次数或几件事情，这时，要用现在完成时。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day.这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天。(强调事实)The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day.这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了。(强调动作，含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩)(正)Ive been cleaning the house but I still ha

10、vent finished.(误)Ive cleaned the house,but I still havent finished.5现在完成时强调“事实”；而现在完成进行时则强调“动作”，并且常含有喜悦，愤怒，不满，厌恶等感情色彩。6如果没有时间状语，现在完成进行时有延续性，现在完成时没有。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【感悟高考】I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?Sorry,Ithe piano for years.（2012湖南，33）A.dont pla

11、y B.wasnt playingC.havent played D.hadnt played解析句意：我记得你在上大学时在弹钢琴方面很有天赋。你能为我弹钢琴吗?对不起，我已经好多年不弹了。考查时态的用法。根据语境及for years,可知设空处表示“到现在为止很长时间没有弹钢琴了”，故设空处为现在完成时。答案C1.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地In order to find the missing child villagers all they can over the past five hours.（2012安徽，26）A.DidB.doC.had done D.have be

12、en doing解析句意：为了找到那个失踪的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们一直在竭尽全力（寻找）。考查时态的基本用法。根据over the past five hours可知用现在完成进行时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，且现在还在进行。答案D2.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Tom_in the library every night over the last three months.(2011北京，23)Aworks B.workedChas been working D.had been working解析 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，每天晚上汤姆都在图书馆里工作

13、。根据over the last three months可知该空处表示现在的事情，又结合every night，可知动作一直在延续。故用现在完成进行时，选C。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在且现在还在进行。答案C3.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地用所给动词的适当形式填空I_just_(find)this library book.How beautifully she sings!I_never_(hear)a better voice.How_you_(be)recently?Since that unfortunate accident last week,I _ _

14、_(sleep)at all well.The famous writer_ _(write)a new book in the past two years.答案have；foundhave；heardhave；beenhavent been sleepinghas written重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地she_since her marriage to Father.Ashoulders BshoulderedCis shouldering Dhas been shouldering解析 句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人一个自从她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色，因为有since而且

15、是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时。答案D【单项填空】Mother wanted to be a good provider,a role 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Well,it isnt surprising.Our friends and relatives_around all the time.Aare coming Bhad comeCwere coming Dhave been coming解析 句意：近来我们花了太多钱。并不惊奇，近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直发生的动作。答案DWe ve spent too much m

16、oney recently.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地have finished anything.Ashopped Bhave shoppedChad shopped Dhave been shopping解析 句意：我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。由语境和空后面的时间状语all afternoon可判断选D项。答案DIm tired out.I_all afternoon and I dont seem to 重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Well,I_the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A

17、was painting Bwill be paintingChave painted Dhave been painting解析 我粉刷房子一直进行到现在，而且还在持续，所以用现在完成进行时。答案DWhy,Jack,you look so tired!重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地Ahas been going BwentCgoes Dhas gone解析 考查时态。句中since last month表示“自从上个月起”。根据but后的句意，说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着。句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去上夜校，可是他到现在还不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。答案AJoseph_t

18、o evening classes since last month,but he still cant say“Whats your name？”in Russian.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作任务】请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。【写作内容】你校同学进行了一场有关高考英语听力测试的讨论。讨论的主题是：高考英语测试中的听力部分该不该取消？一些同学认为不应该取消：1听是语言的四项基本技能之一，不能忽视；2听是获取信息的重要途径之一；议论文(二)正反观点式议论文重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地3国际合作日益增多，听说能力应加强。另一些同学认为应该取消：1考试中

19、各地收听效果好坏不一、不公平；2英语教师和语音设备城乡差异过大；3今后并非人人都要与外国人口头交流。【写作要求】注意：1.词数：100左右(不包括已给的起始句)。2参考词汇：取消cancel 国际合作international cooperation重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本次写作要求写一篇正反观点对比类的议论文。对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。观点鲜明的议论文文章最受欢迎，因为它具有清澈感和透明感，能够传达出文章内容之大概，便于读者准确而快速地把握整篇文章的基本内容。议论文的

20、开头讲究“短、快”。短，即要简捷，开头短，可避免冗长之赘，而且短句成段，在空间上突出其内容的重要性。快，即入题要快，最好三言两语就点明文章的基本观点或议论的话题。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地二审结构：这类文章的写作，通常分为三个段落，第一段提出问题，第二段陈述甲方观点，第三段陈述乙方观点。如果题目要求需要说明个人观点，则可在第四段阐述自己的观点；如题目无要求，则无需表达。在陈述观点理由时，可以适当拓展，以使文章条理清楚，连贯通顺。三审模式：常见的论述模式是：首句为小论点或承上启下的过渡词句；中间围绕小论点，运用恰当的事实、理论论据，或针对现实生活中的某些现象，分析说理；最后结合论述内容

21、写一两句小结的话语。其中首句和末句的写作最重要，它能直接勾勒文章的脉络，显示全文的论述思路。另外，文章的整体论证结构常用正反对比式。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第二步：提炼要点1.have a discussion about2.basic skills3.international cooperation4.more and more municate with6.pick up重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地第三步：扩点成句1The students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in t

22、he NMET should be kept or canceled.2They insist listening is among the four basic skills.3International cooperation is becoming more and more frequent.4.They think not everyone has to communicate with foreigners in the future.5Listening test is unfair to the students in the areas where radio signals

23、 cannot be picked up effectively.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【参考范文】The students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the NMET should be kept or canceled.Some students think that listening test should not be canceled.They insist listening is among the four basic skills.We therefore ca

24、n not ignore it.Besides,listening is one of the important channels for us to get information from the outside world.So it should be strengthened today when international cooperation is becoming more and more frequent.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 But others dont agree.They think not everyone has to communicate

25、 with foreigners in the future.Moreover,listening test is unfair to the students in the areas where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively.And for certain reasons,there is a big difference in teachers and equipment between the countryside and the city.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【亮点展示】本文为正反观点类的议论文体，时态以

26、一般现在时为主。作者首先提出问题，然后对双方不同的观点加以陈述。本篇文章从总体上来看，非常好地把握了议论文的特点，语言流畅，并且运用了一些高级词汇如therefore，besides，strengthen，moreover和精彩短语for certain reasons及定语从句where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively等。本文按题目要求涵盖所有要点，很好地完成了写作任务，达到了预期的写作目的。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地 【写作模板】The topic of(主题)is becoming more and more popu

27、lar recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of(支持A的理由一).What is more，(理由二).Moreover，(理由三)While others think that B is a better choice for the following three reasons.Firstly，(支持B的理由一).Secondly(Besides)，(理由二).Thirdly(Fi

28、nally)，(理由三)From my point of view，(我的观点).The reason is that(原因).As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地一、转折句型1Perhaps A is the wrong word，however，B might be better.2First.last but not least.3On the contrary，in

29、 spite of these increase.4Compared with A，B has many advantages such as.5Not so much.as he had talked about.6.，the truth of the matter，however，is that.英语写作常用句式(二)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地7For some，the way may be right，nevertheless，for many others.8.，but this was not always the case.二、名理句型1It is usually the

30、 case that.2It is plain common sensethe more/less.the more/less.3The serious reality had taught us a lesson:not being environment friendly will be avenged mercilessly.4As a proverb says/as is known to all/as a popular saying goes，.5I can think of no better illustration than an English poem/adage whi

31、ch goes like this：.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地6The old story of.can serve as a good illustration that.三、强调句型1The reason why.is.2The same thing is true with.3Its high time that immediate measures were taken to better the strength and face the challenges.4Before everything else，.is the secret of success.重点语法精析

32、解码书面表达勤思巧学园地四、图表句型1From the figures/statistics given in the table it can be seen/noticed that.2From the graph/table/diagram/chart above，we can see that.obviously.3As is shown in the chart/by the graph.4It is clear that the increase of percentage gets greater and greater.5By.，the number of.had less/more pared with that of.