高考英语一轮语法复习题（14讲）.docx

1、 第一讲名词名词词义辨析，包括形近、同缀、意近和无关联词1(2022湖北高考)Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.AperspectiveBpriorityCparticipation Dprivilege解析：选A考察名词辨析。句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participation“参加

2、，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。2(2022湖北高考)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow解析：选A考察名词辨析。句意：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾的征兆很重要，眼疾可能事先没有任何病症。symptom“病症”，符合句意。similarity“类似”；sample“样本”；shadow“阴影”。3(20

3、22辽宁高考)The accident caused some _ to my car, but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage解析：选D考察名词辨析。根据后面的its nothing serious可知，造成的破坏不严重，所以不能选择ruin“消灭，废墟”；damage意为“破坏，损坏”，意思是说破坏的程度不是很严重，往往修理之后仍然可以使用。harm意为“伤害，损害”；injury意为“受伤害”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害。4(2022山东高考)My first _ of him was that he was a kind an

4、d thoughtful young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfaction Dimpression解析：选D考察名词词义辨析。句意：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。first impression“第一印象”。expression“表达；表情”；attention“注意”；satisfaction“满意”。名词构成的固定搭配，尤其是高频的“动词名词”与“介词名词”的短语搭配5(2022湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat fro

5、m getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference BcomparisonCconnection Dbarrier解析：选D考察名词辨析。句意：二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使大气里的热量不容易释放出去，于是地球将会变得更暖。根据句意可知，barrier“障碍，屏障”正确。difference“分歧，区别”；comparison“比较”；connection“联系”。6(2022江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures,

6、 American food culture can take a _ for the better.Ashare BchanceCturn Dlead解析：选C考察名词辨析。根据句中的for the better可知，美国的饮食文化将向更好的方面转变，因此选turn。share“份额”；chance“时机”；lead“典范”。考点三名词的一词多义与熟词新义7(山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief Bsafety Cdefense Dshelter解析：选A句意应为

7、“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意， relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“平安，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。8(2022江西高考)Whats the_， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? Asympathy BthemeCobject Dpoint解析：选D考察名词词义辨析。句意：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他的目的是什么呢？whats the point o

8、f.表示“的目的(意图)是什么？” 。sympathy“ 同情”；theme“主题”； object“物体”，均与句意不符。 一、名词词义辨析1形近词的词义辨析symptom(病症)similarity(类似)sample(样本) shadow(影子)sympathy(同情) symbol(象征，符号)symptom(病症) system(系统)commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争)ambition(野心) company(陪伴)2相同词缀的名词辨析expression(表达；表情) attention(注意)satisfaction(满意) impression(

9、印象)expectation(期望) reputation(声誉)contribution(奉献) civilization (文明)accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业)adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏)equipment(设备) arrangement(安排)assessment(评估，估算) entertainment(娱乐)3意义相近词的辨析strength(长处) talent(天赋)ability(能力) skill(技能)advice questionoffer ideaanger rudenessregret pani

10、c(惊慌)“Tommy, run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice.(2022湖北高考)“汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。4无一定关联性的名词词义辨析curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意)envy(羡慕) patience(耐心)difference comparison(比较)connection barrier(屏障，障碍)luck valuetime factWhenever I made mista

11、kes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.(2022江西高考)无论什么时候我犯了错误，教师总是耐心地把它们指出来。二、名词的固定搭配1动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好名声have a feeling of 有感觉have access to 可以获得take advantage of 利用，趁之机take a turn 转变get relief 得到缓解The doctor is skilled at treating hea

12、rt trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(江苏高考)这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。2介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand 需求量很大in progress 在进展中out of touch 与无联系beyond recognition 识别不出来The Harry Potter books are quite popular, they are in great demand in this ci

13、ty.(2022全国卷)哈利波特系列图书很受欢送，在这座城市的需求量很大。三、抽象名词具体化1表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有单词抽象名词具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人快乐的事comfort抚慰；慰藉令人感到抚慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素failure失败失败的人或事物 surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them

14、 pleasure.(2022福建高考)对于人们来说，欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词可数名词物质名词可数名词drink饮料two drinks两杯饮料sugar糖a sugar一块糖coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡paper纸a paper一张报纸；一篇论文tea茶two teas两杯茶hair头发a hair一根头发I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.You should never put drinks near a phone.我把茶杯碰倒了，

15、它落在了那部手机上。你决不该把饮料放到手机附近。1.(2022荆州质检)The notes for vocabulary are very exact, which could help readers to break the language _ directly and effectively.AregulationBconventionCpattern Dbarrier解析：选D句意：词汇的注释非常准确，能够直接有效地帮助读者打破语言障碍。regulation“规那么，条例”；convention“惯例，常规”；pattern“模式，方式”；barrier“障碍”。根据句意可知D项正确

16、。2Diplomatic _ have been more frequent in recent years, but these troubles cannot make up major obstacles to Chinas further rise.Aprivileges BdisputesCservices Dimmunities解析：选B句意：近年来，外事争端更频繁，但这些麻烦事并不能构成中国未来崛起的主要障碍。privilege“特权”；dispute“争端；争议”；service“效劳”；immunity“免除；豁免；免疫力”。3The _ of todays young pe

17、ople to marry and bear children at late age drew great attention from socialists as well as government.Acircumstance BtendencyCcivilization Dpresentation解析：选B考察名词辨析。句意：当今年轻人晚婚晚育的趋势引起了政府和社会学家的极大关注。circumstance“环境；境遇”；tendency“倾向；趋势”；civilization“文明”；presentation“出示；介绍会；赠送仪式”。4(2022宜昌调研)It is not what

18、 you are thinking about but how you can put it into _ that counts.Apractice Battempt Cpermission Daccount解析：选A考察名词辨析。句意：重要的不是你所想的，而是你如何能够付诸实践。put .into practice“将付诸行动”。5The crying baby eventually found _ in the arms of her mother, sleeping through the whole afternoon.Acomfort Badvantage Cconvenience

19、 Dprescription解析：选A考察名词辨析。句意：那个哭泣的婴儿最终在妈妈的怀抱中找到了抚慰，睡了整整一下午。comfort“抚慰；舒适”，符合句意。advantage“益处；优越性；有利条件；优势”；convenience“便利；有用的安排、设施”；prescription“指示；医生开的药；处方”。6Money doesnt necessarily buy happiness, so we can safely draw a conclusion that making fortune is not always a good _ for a happy life.Achallen

20、ge BcriterionCingredient Dqualification解析：选B句意：金钱不一定买到幸福，因此我们可以有把握地得出结论，赚钱不总是幸福生活的好标准。challenge“挑战”；criterion(pl.criteria)“标准”；ingredient“成分”；qualification“资格”。7Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.Aability Bcompetitio

21、nCchallenge Dknowledge解析：选C考察名词辨析。句意：当今世界，获取信息很容易，难在如何判断你所获取的信息是否有用。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。8(2022武汉调研)I think some day he will drop out of the program, because a person like him with _ wont stay long in such a small firm.Adetermination BintentionCambition Dprofession解析：选C考察名词辨析。句意：我认为，将来某天他会从这个工程中退出，因为像

22、他这样有志向的人不会在这家小公司待很长时间的。ambition“志向，抱负，雄心”，符合题意。determination“决心”；intention“意图，目的”；profession“职业，专业”。9A(n) _ is an official document offered by a university or other higher education provider when you have completed a course or training.Acertificate BidentityCpermit Dpassport解析：选A考察名词辨析。句意：当你完成一门课程或一

23、项训练时，证书是一所大学或其他更高的教育机构提供给你的正式文件。certificate“证书，文凭”，符合题意。identity“身份”；permit“许可证，执照”；passport“护照”。10Confidence is more than just an attitude; it comes from a strong commitment to take _， rather than just let life happen.Aconsideration BeffectCresponsibility Daccount解析：选C考察动名搭配。句意：信心不只是一种态度；它来自承担责任的一种

24、强烈的义务，而不只是听天由命。 take . in consideration “考虑”；take effect“生效”；take responsibility“承担责任 ”；account“账目；记述；报告”。第二讲代词 考点一all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析1(2022武汉调研)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we _.(do)这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。答案：

25、cant do both 2(2022武昌区调研)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but I _ of them very much.(like)我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。答案：dont like either考点二it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析3(2022湖北高考)Our understanding of education, work and society is _ of the earlier generation.(different)我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和我们上

26、一代的不同。答案：different from/than that4(2022武汉调研)At our factory there are a few machines _ described in this magazine.(similar)我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。答案：(which are) similar to those/the ones考点三it的用法5(湖北高考)During his last lecture, the scientist_easier to explain the theory to those with some backgroun

27、d knowledge.(find)在他上次的演讲中，这位科学家觉得向那些有一些背景知识的人解释这一理论要容易些。答案：found it (was)6(湖北高考)_ that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)他突然想到他第二天上午要出席一次重要会议。答案：It occurred to him7(湖北高考)_ one thousand dollars to buy the painting last week.(cost)上周我花了一千元买了那幅画。答案：It cost me一、it的用法A lov

28、ely day, isnt it?Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk?天气不错，不是吗？是的，我非常喜欢这样的天气。出去走走怎么样？What an interesting story！Its the most impressive story Ive ever read.But Im sure it wont interest everybody.多么有趣的故事！它是我曾经读过的印象最深刻的故事。但是我确信它不会使每个人都感兴趣。He didnt make it clear when and

29、 where the meeting would be held.他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚。When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开场，比方随手关灯。Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.(2022全国卷)今天早晨萨拉及时到达机场，赶上了飞机。it的主要用法1指代时间、距离、自然现象等。2指代

30、前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物，也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。3it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing形式、名词性从句。4表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定构造，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。5it的高频搭配When it comes to .当涉及make it成功；确定时间为(后接时间类名词)as it is事实上；照原样get it明白了二、替代词it, that, one, those的区别Studying Wend

31、ys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2022浙江高考)研究一下温迪的菜单，我发现其中的很多条目和麦当劳(的菜单)相似。Weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found one yet.我们一直在找一个廉价的房子但是还没有找到。The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.南部山区的风景与北部

32、城市的风景迥异。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱来买它。it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为onesthosethe名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)三、不定代词all, both, any, either, nei

33、ther, none的区别Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry.Neither will suit me.Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。As the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对

34、我来说都非常重要。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个能解出这道题。都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone1.(2022黄冈适应性考试)_ that the experiment ended in failure? We should try to find out the cause.(come)实验怎么会失败呢？我们应好好找找原因。答案：How did it come about2_ what I shou

35、ld talk about in the meeting, he has no constructive advice.(come)当谈及我在会上应讲些什么时，他没有什么建立性的建议。答案：When it comes to3The role change of husband to father, although difficult, doesnt seem so _ of wife to mother.(great)从丈夫到父亲的角色转变，尽管很难，但好似不如从妻子到母亲的转变那么大。答案：great as that4Resolve allows us to have a new drea

36、m, improve an existing dream or even begin again _.(necessary)决心会让我们有新的梦想，完善现有的梦想或者在有必要的时候重新开场。答案：when (it is) necessary5_， then, that has made war an inescapable part of the human experience？(what)那么是什么使战争成为人类的经历中不可防止的一局部呢？答案：What is it6Helen has been looking for a job over the whole year, feeling

37、she _ without work experience.(get)海伦整年都在找工作，她感到没有工作经历不可能找到一份工作。答案：cant get one7(2022黄冈高三模拟)After years of hard work, you may _ that he can fulfill the task.(depend)经过多年努力的工作后，你可以相信他能够完成这个任务。答案：depend on it8(2022武汉二中模拟)We are told from the directors office that _ we know the result of the final exam

38、ination.(long)我们从主任办公室得悉，过不了多久，我们就可以知道期终考试的结果了。答案：it will not take/be long before9I dont think _ her to show off wealth everywhere.(wise)她到处炫富，我认为这不明智。答案：it is wise of10The cultural background of China is totally _ of the US.(different)中国的文化背景与美国的完全不同。答案：different from that第三讲介词和介词短语考点介词短语辨析1(2022湖北

39、高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.Aat randomBby chanceCin turn Don occasion解析：选B考察介词短语辨析。句意：最近，一位艺术家渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B，表示“偶然地”。at random“任意地，随便地”；in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，偶尔”。2(2022浙江高考)It wi

40、ll be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._， Ill set the table.AAs a result BOn the wholeCIn the meanwhile DAs a matter of fact解析：选C考察介词短语辨析。句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。in the meanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。as a result“结果”；on the whole“大体上”；as a matter of fact“事实

41、上”。3(2022湖北高考)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home.Aout of question Bout of orderCout of sight Dout of place解析：选D考察介词短语辨析。句意：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明亮，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。out of place“不适宜的；不相称的”，符合句

42、意。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of order“次序颠倒”；out of sight“看不见”。一、常见介词的用法常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。1against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.我母亲反对我的建议，然而我父亲赞成。2beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用

43、短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、够不着、管不了”。No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。3by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know, workers are generally paid b

44、y the month.据我所知，工人们通常按月来付工资。4for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是群众教育的质量问题。I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained for.(2022浙江高考)我总想从事以前为之培训的工作。5off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main ro

45、ad at the far end of the lake. (2022辽宁高考)Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。6across有“横跨”之意。Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders？(2022北京高考)你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？7on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train.Rose一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱

46、。8over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到完毕”。Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2022山东高考)很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。9within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。10of表示“在范围内”。Of all the animals Ive ever had, the

47、se two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.(2022浙江高考)在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。二、介词短语辨析考察介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。1与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way 挡住道路in vain 徒劳in general 通常，大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return 作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早2与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/t

48、ime 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 没门/绝不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，赞同in need of 需要4与介词at连用的常用短语at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时

49、地/有时at ones request 应某人的要求at a loss 不知所措5其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟，别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反1.We havent seen each other for many years, so I am quite _ the plan that we have a party this weekend.Ain place of Bin favor ofCin honor of Din ne

50、ed of解析：选B考察介词短语辨析。句意：我们已经很多年没有见面了，所以我非常赞成这周末办个聚会的方案。in place of“代替”；in favor of“支持；赞同”；in honor of“为了向表示崇敬”；in need of“需要”。根据句意可知应选B项。2(2022武汉调研)If you are _ then exercise, or the movements you make, will cause you some degree of physical harm.Aout of breath Bout of workCout of luck Dout of conditi

51、on解析：选D考察介词短语辨析。句意：如果你的安康状况不好，那么你所进展的锻炼或运动将在一定程度上给你造成身体上的伤害。out of breath“上气不接下气”；out of work“失业”；out of luck“不走运”；out of condition“身体状况不好”。根据题意选D。3Once the puzzle is finished, theres a special treat _： Mickey and his friends will move around, speaking and singing wellknown songs your children will

52、love.Ain hand Bin needCin charge Din store解析：选D考察介词短语辨析。句意：一旦猜出谜语，会有特别的奖励：米老鼠和它的朋友就会四处走动，说唱你的孩子将会喜欢的著名歌曲。in hand“在手中”；in need“在贫困中”；in charge“负责；主管”；in store“等待着；快要发生”。4Having lived in the town for many years, Mr.Smith no longer felt _ among the local people.Aout of control Bout of touch Cout of pla

53、ce Dout of use解析：选C考察介词短语辨析。句意：史密斯先生在镇上生活了多年后，不再感觉与当地人格格不入。out of place“不在适当的位置，格格不入”，符合题意。out of control“失控”；out of touch“失去联系”；out of use“废弃”。5(2022咸宁调研)_ providing financial aid to the victims, the organization also sent trained volunteers to help in the rescue operation.AAccording to BFar fromCA

54、part from DRegardless of解析：选C句意：除了给那些受害者提供经济援助外，这个组织还派训练有素的志愿者参与救援工作。apart from“除以外”，符合题意。according to“根据，按照”；far from“远离，完全不”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。6(2022孝感调研)_ air the speed of the object depends only on the time of the fall, and does not depend on the objects weight.AIn the shape of BIn the proces

55、s ofCIn the absence of DIn the direction of解析：选C句意：在没有空气的情况下，物体的速度只取决于下落的时间而不取决于物体的重量。in the absence of .“不在时，没有时”，符合题意。in the shape of“呈的形状”；in the process of“在的过程中”；in the direction of“朝的方向”。7(2022江苏高考)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you._ the party on July 1st I shall be please

56、d to attend.AOn account of BIn response toCIn view of DWith regard to解析：选D考察介词短语辨析。句意：收到你的电子邮件，我总是很开心。至于七月一日的聚会，我很乐意参加。根据句意可知，with regard to“关于，至于”正确。on account of“由于，因为”；in response to“响应，对有反响”；in view of“鉴于，考虑到”。8Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldnt develop

57、economy _ the environment.Aat the expense of Bin the face ofCin spite of Don account of解析：选A考察介词短语辨析。句意：现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来开展经济这一事实。at the expense of“在牺牲(或损害)的情况下”，符合句意。in the face of“面对问题”；in spite of“尽管”；on account of“由于，因为”。9(2022襄阳五校联考)The system can actually warn us _ when our behavior m

58、ight lead to a negative outcome, so that we can avoid making a mistake.Ain advance Bin briefCin charge Din vain解析：选A考察介词短语辨析。句意：当我们的行为可能导致消极的结果时，这个系统能够提前给我们发出警报，让我们防止犯错误。这里用in advance表示“提前”。in brief“简言之”；in charge“主管，照管”；in vain“徒劳，无结果”。10(2022武昌调研)Success in life doesnt happen _； its the result of

59、devoting your time and energy to what youve set out to do.Aby force Bby choiceCby design Dby accident解析：选D句意：生活中的成功并非偶然发生的；是投入时间和精力去做你既定目标的结果。by accident“偶然，意外地”，符合题意。by force“强迫地”；by choice“出于选择”；by design“成心地”。 第四讲形容词和副词考点一形容词、副词辨析1(2022湖北高考)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a perm

60、it are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.AappropriateBconsciousCarbitrary Dcontroversial解析：选C考察形容词辨析。句意：人们抱怨说，同意颁发许可证或拒绝授予许可证的决定通常都是任意性的(行为)，而不是基于固定的标准。空处与后面的fixed criteria照应，故用arbitrary，表示“随意的，任意的”。2(2022湖北高考)He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead,

61、he made a _ contribution to help the community.Acommercial BgenerousCcomparable Dprofitable解析：选B考察形容词辨析。句意：他没有自私地把从他叔叔那里继承的钱自己留着，而是大方地捐赠出去，帮助社区。根据句意可知应选B，表示“大方的，大方的”。commercial“商业的”；comparable“可比较的，比得上的”；profitable“有利可图的”。3(2022湖北高考)Dont defend him any more.Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence

62、of the garden even without apology.Aaccidentally BcarelesslyCdeliberately Dclumsily解析：选C考察副词辨析。句意：别再为他辩护了。显然他是成心把花园的围墙弄坏的，而且还不抱歉。根据句意可知应选C，表示“成心地，刻意地”。accidentally“偶然地”；carelessly“粗心地”；clumsily“笨拙地”。考点二形容词、副词的比较等级用法4(湖北高考)At the award ceremony, Mr. Jackson said, “For me, there has been _ than your s

63、upport.” (great)在颁奖仪式上，杰克逊先生说道：“对我来讲，你们的支持是最大的回报。”答案：no greater reward/no reward greater5(湖北高考)_ in the world are the Niles, the Amazon, and the Changjiang River.(long)世界上最长的三条河流是尼罗河、亚马逊河和长江。答案：The three longest rivers考点三倍数表达法6(2022黄冈模拟)After the new equipment was introduced, our company produced _

64、in 2022 as the year before.(twice)在新的设备引进后，我们公司在2022年生产的机器数量是上年的两倍。答案：twice as many machines7(2022武昌区调研)When we went shopping last week, Mary spent _as I did.(much)我们上周去购物的时候，玛丽花掉的钱只是我花掉的一半。答案：half as much money一、形容词、副词的比较级The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. Why? Its far more interest

65、ing than the films I have ever seen.(2022江西高考)我不得不说这部电影一点意思也没有。为什么？它比我以前看过的所有电影都有趣多了。Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.从国外进口的货物并不一定比中国生产的好。没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很好。Its believed that the harder you work, t

66、he better result youll get.人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。1比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any (用于否认句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。2比较级than .比更；less . than不如3the比较级，th

67、e比较级，越，越4the比较级of the名词/代词“(两者中)较的”。二、形容词、副词的最高级The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。Are you pleased with what he has done?Not a bit.It couldnt be any worse.你对他做的事满意吗？一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。As far as Im concerned, he is the last man to tell a lie

68、.就我个人而言，他是最不可能撒谎的人。1三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。2最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等。3“否认词比较级”表示最高级意义。4the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。三、倍数表达法The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.(2022陕西高考)为迎接下一届亚

69、运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost twice as much as his.彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。Smoking is harmful to peoples health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟对人的安康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The output of cars in 2022 is 4 times g

70、reater than that of 2022.2022年小轿车的产量是2022年的4倍。表示倍数的几个句型1倍数as形容词/副词原级as .2倍数形容词/副词比较级than .3倍数the性质名词(size/length/height等)of .4The名词be倍数what从句5The名词be倍数that/those of .四、形容词(短语)作状语Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, happy and satisfied.被教师表扬之后，这个小女孩非常满意，快乐地跑回家了。Scared an

71、d alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.(2022陕西高考)由于害怕和孤独，一天Joshua和一只被他叫做Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友，那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。.多项选择1If a man is too _ in everything, he is not always popular.We need to be somewhat adventurous so

72、metimes.AgenerousBinterestedCcautious Dperfect解析：选C句意：如果一个人对一切事物都太慎重了，他不总是受到欢送。我们有时需要点冒险精神。cautious“慎重的”，符合句意。2(2022湖北八校联考)As we all know, independence is _ for youngest because sooner or later they will leave their family and live alone.Aessential BaccurateCflexible Dtemporary解析：选A考察形容词辨析。句意：正如我们所知

73、，独立对于青年人非常重要，因为他们迟早会离开家庭单独生活。essential“重要的；根底的”；accurate“准确的”；flexible“灵活的”；temporary“临时的”。3(2022武汉调研)Right now, the government should take _ measures to push the states economy forward.ApowerfulBapparentCdesperate Dprevious解析：选A考察形容词辨析。句意：现在政府应该采取强有力的措施来推进国民经济(的开展)。powerful“强有力的”；apparent“明显的”；desp

74、erate“绝望的”；previous“先前的”。根据句意可知A项正确。4Relief work and selfless _ aid still continue, which helps deliver the needed equipment to the disaster area.Aconventional BvoluntaryCunusual Dremarkable解析：选B考察形容词辨析。句意：救济工作以及无私的自愿的援助还在继续，这有助于将所需的器材送到灾区。conventional“传统的”；voluntary“自愿的”；unusual“非同寻常的”；remarkable“非

75、凡的”。根据句意可知B项正确。5(2022宜昌调研)Just then he realized that he had to start from the bottom to _ reach the top of the company.Aeventually BunfortunatelyCgenerously Dpurposefully解析：选A考察副词辨析。句意：就在那时，他意识到要想最终进入公司的高层，就必须开场从底层做起。应选eventually。unfortunately“不幸地”；generously“大方地”；purposefully“有目的地”。6As soon as his

76、teacher begins lecturing, he begins to doze off, not intentionally but _.Acompletely BrandomlyChabitually Dunconditionally解析：选C考察副词辨析。句意：教师刚一开场讲课他就开场打盹了，不是成心地，而是习惯性地。completely“完全地”；randomly“随意地”；habitually“习惯性地”；unconditionally“无条件地”。根据句意可知应选C。7(2022随州调研)Good health is the basis for students to _ c

77、arry on with their studies and to do any other activity.Aespecially BdependentlyCeffectively Dreasonably解析：选C考察副词辨析。句意：对学生来说好的身体是他们继续有效学习和做其他活动的根底。especially“尤其；特别”；dependently“依赖地”；effectively“有效地”；reasonably“符合情理地”。根据句意可知选C。8The spokesman said that this was a _ negotiation because it solved a lot

78、of problems between the two sides.Adecorative BdefensiveCprotective Dproductive解析：选D考察形容词辨析。句意：发言人说这是一次有成果的商谈，因为它解决了两方之间的很多问题。productive“有成果的，富有成效的”，符合句意。9(2022黄冈调研)Nowadays teenagers are not _ to stand and appreciate works of art; they prefer to participate in them.Acontent BcontroversialCconfident

79、 Dabsolute解析：选A考察形容词辨析。句意：如今，青少年不满足于只是站着欣赏艺术作品；他们更喜欢参与到艺术作品中。content“满足的，满意的”；controversial“有争议的”；confident“自信的”；absolute“绝对的”。根据句意应选A。10Japanese experts have _ voiced concerns that North Korea might hit the US bases in Japan with nuclear weapons.Arelatively BvirtuallyCincreasingly Dequally解析：选C句意：日

80、本专家越来越多地表达了朝鲜可能会用核武器袭击美国在日本的基地的关注。relatively“相对地”；virtually“事实上；实际地”；increasingly“增长地”；equally“相等地”。11(2022随州调研)Its great to try hard, but if youre not getting the job done well, all your efforts _ wont count.Aultimately BpreferablyCalternatively Dawfully解析：选A考察副词辨析。此处表示“假设你的工作没做好，那么你所有的努力最终都没价值了”，故

81、用ultimately表示“最后，最终”。preferably“最好是”；alternatively“要不，或者”；awfully“非常，极其”。12History is the best teacher.It _ records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.Aapparently BconventionallyCfaithfully Deventually解析：选C考察副词辨析。句意：历史是最好的教师。它如实地记录了每个国家的开展道路，并为我们预示未来。apparently“显然”；c

82、onventionally“传统地”；faithfully“如实地”；eventually“最终”。根据句意可知应选C。.完成句子1(2022黄冈中学模拟)With Chinese students health continuously declining, some educators appeal to their physical health because its _ as its to gain knowledge.(important)由于中国学生的体质不断地下降，一些教育学家呼吁要更多地关注学生的身体安康，因为保持安康与获取知识同样重要。答案：as important to

83、keep fit/healthy2(2022武汉局部学校联考)As the College Entrance Examination is in sight, we teachers feel _ you students.(relax)高考临近，我们教师并不比你们学生感到轻松。答案：no more relaxed than3(2022黄冈质量检测)China has released over 5 billion cubic meters of water from the Yellow River, the countrys _， to ease drought that started

84、to hit most of north China.(long)为了缓解开场在华北大局部地区蔓延的旱情，中国已经从黄河这条全国第二长河中排放了超过50亿立方米的水。答案：second longest river4(2022黄冈模拟)As a young child he learned to play the piano, but he is _ his singing abilities now.(know)小时候，他学过钢琴，但现在却以歌唱能力更加知名。答案：better known for5Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustmen

85、t period and _ planning for it, the better.(start)很明显，退休是一个非常复杂的适应期，你越早开场规划越好。答案：the earlier you start6The town has developed into a big city, and is _ what it used to be.(size)这个小镇已开展成为一个大城市，是原来的三倍大。答案：three times the size7Ive done _ in Senior Three as I did in Senior One.(time)我高三所做的家庭作业是我高一所做的三倍。

86、答案：three times as much homework8Although older people seem to be much harder than others to get infected, if they do get the new virus, they _.(likely)尽管年长的人比其他的人更难受到感染，但如果患了这种新型病毒，他们更有可能死亡。答案：are more likely to die第五讲动词和动词短语考点一动词词义辨析1(2022湖北高考)While intelligent people can often _ the complex, a foo

87、l is more likely to complicate the simple.AsacrificeBsubstituteCsimplify Dsurvive解析：选C考察动词辨析。句意：聪明的人常常能把复杂的事情简单化，而愚蠢的人更可能把简单的问题复杂化。根据句意可知，这里用simplify与后面的the simple对应，the complex与后面的complicate照应。sacrifice“牺牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。2(2022新课标卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may caus

88、e problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：选D考察动词辨析。句意：尽量不要过多咳嗽，因为咳嗽过多可能引发你的肺部问题。not more than one can help意为“能少尽量少”，符合句意。3(2022浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, _ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.Arealizing BcopyingCoffering Dmisunderstanding解析：选C考察动词

89、辨析。句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进展下去。offer“提供，主动提出”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；copy“复制”；misunderstand“误解”。考点二动词短语辨析4(2022湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.Aset asideBset downCset off Dset up解析：选A考察动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”

90、。set aside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。5(2022湖北高考)Butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.Acarry on Bfeed onCput on Dfocus on解析：选B考察动词短语辨析。句意：蝴蝶以花产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫那么采集这种液体。carry on“继续”；feed on“以为食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“

91、集中(注意力、精力等于上)”。根据句意可知应选B。6(2022辽宁高考)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.Aget away Btake overCset off Drun out解析：选B考察动词短语辨析。句意：米切尔退休时布里格斯将接任总经理职务。take over“接收，接收”，符合句意。get away“脱身”；set off“出发”；run out“用完”。7(2022江西高考)Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.A

92、find out Bwash outCwear out Dset out解析：选C考察动词短语辨析。句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用坏，(使)磨损”，符合语境。find out“查明”；wash out“把洗掉”；set out“启程，动身”。一、动词词义辨析It is thought by some people that Ebooks might substitute traditional books in the future because of various advantages of Ebooks over paper ones.有些人认为，将来电

93、子书籍可能取代传统书籍，因为电子书籍较纸质书籍有很多优势。The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.(2022新课标卷)那块表很不错，他以20%的折扣价买下了它。According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2022浙江高考)根据科学家的研究，我们的智力在22岁到达最高水平后从27岁开场下降。Are you still m

94、ad at her?Not really, but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.(2022江苏高考)你还在生她的气吗？不那么生气了，不过，我不能否认她的话伤害了我。动词词义辨析一直都是高考考察的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考察的是对题干和语境的理解。近三年全国各地高考考察到的还有：sacrifice (牺牲); substitute (代替); simplify (简化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (防止); holdpersuade(说服); promise; invi

95、te; supportopen; narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havesponsor (赞助); launch (发射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise二、动词短语辨析短语动词是由动词与介词、名词或副词结合在一起而组成的。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些那么相当于不及物动词。1动词副词break down坏掉；分解；垮下来break up 打碎；分解；分手bring down 使降低，使下降come out 出现，出版，结果是cut down 砍倒；削减get over 抑制make

96、out 识别出put away 收起；储存set aside 拨出；置于一旁set off 出发，引爆take off 起飞，腾飞；脱掉take over 接收turn out 结果是，证明是turn down 拒绝，把音量开小work out 解出，进展顺利，锻炼身体figure out 弄清，搞明白Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2022安徽高考)传统上，大学生在开场他们的

97、人生旅途之前会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。 Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2022福建高考)无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。点津“动词副词”搭配构成的短语，其宾语假设为代词，应放在动词与副词中间。如put it on, think it over。2动词介词break into 破门而入believe in 信任begin with 以开场come across 偶然碰到depend on 依靠go through 从穿过see to 处理come to 共计l

98、ook into 调查set about 着手做bring about 引起，导致agree with 同意，适合Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.(2022湖北高考)我很快乐你亲自来这里处理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose. (陕西高考)你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。3动词副词介词add up to 加起来；总共break away from 躲开；脱离catch

99、 up with 赶上；超过do away with 废除go in for 从事；参加put up with 忍受；容忍get along with 与相处；进展get on with 与相处；进展keep out of 使不进入look forward to 盼望live up to 到达；不辜负get down to 着手做come up with 想出，提出look up to 尊敬get across to 使明白，使清楚He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up with this loud noise any

100、more.他必须找其他工作，因为他再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.一个好的演讲者应该让听众明白他所表达的含义。4动词名词介词catch sight of 突然发现make use of 利用pay attention to 注意make sense of 理解take notice of 注意到take the place of 代替take part in 参加take pride in 为自豪make sense of 理解take

101、advantage of 利用make room for 为腾出空间keep up with 与保持联系James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.(天津高考)为给电视机腾出空间，吉姆把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to make good use of it.这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但既然来了，我还是想充分利用它。1.She

102、 has_tears because she needs to be “that strong one” and because now it is time to fight, she says, not to mourn.Abrought backBgiven backCheld back Dlooked back解析：选C考察动词短语辨析。句意：她已经抑制住泪水，因为她需要成为坚强的人，她说，因为现在到了战斗，而不是哀悼的时候。hold back“抑制住(泪水、愤怒)”；bring back“拿回来”；give back“归还”；look back“回头看”。2Despite the f

103、act that all three teams _ different approaches to the problem, they were all immediate successes.Aadopted BattainedCadapted Dattached解析：选A考察动词辨析。句意：尽管三个队伍采取了不同的解决方法，但这些方法都立刻奏效了。adopt“采纳，采取”，符合句意。attain“获得，到达”；adapt“(使)适应，调整”；attach“连接，附上”。3(2022武昌调研)For the dance she had been looking forward to for

104、 many days, she wore her best clothes that she _ in the closet.Aset down Bset aside Cset out Dset off解析：选B句意：这场舞会她已经期盼好久了，她穿上她留在衣柜中的最好衣服。set aside“留出，拨出”，符合题意。set down“记下”；set out“开场，出发”；set off“出发，引起”。4He became confused because the book contains new ideas which _ what he has been taught to believe

105、.Acontradict BassessCacknowledge Dconfirm解析：选A句意：他被弄糊涂了，因为这本书里讲的新观点驳斥了他所学的。contradict“与矛盾，驳斥”，符合题意。assess“评估”；acknowledge“成认”；confirm“证实”。5(2022武汉调研)I have decided to _ some furniture for my living room, but Im at a complete loss as to which brand to buy.Adecorate BlaunchCmaintain Dpurchase解析：选D句意：我

106、已经决定为我的起居室添置一些家具，但完全不知道购置什么品牌的家具。purchase“添置，购置”，符合题意。decorate“装饰”；launch“发射”；maintain“维持，维修”。6(2022宜昌调研)They built strong walls along the borders to _ those who wanted to do them harm.Acut out Bput out Cwork out Dkeep out解析：选D句意：他们沿着边界建起坚实的城墙，不让想伤害他们的那些人入侵。keep out“阻止进入”，符合题意。cut out“删去，裁剪”；put out

107、“熄灭，出版”；work out“制订”。7They worked hard and many saved enough money to buy their own land.In this way they came to _ the sugar industry on many parts of the Queensland coast.Adominate BcontradictCprohibit Daccumulate解析：选A考察动词辨析。句意：他们努力工作，很多人省下了足够的钱买了他们自己的土地，这样他们就控制了昆士兰海岸很多地方的制糖业。dominate“控制，支配”，符合句意。

108、contradict“反驳，与矛盾”；prohibit“制止”；accumulate“积聚”。8What is most important is facing the hard times, _ the changes, and getting through to the other side where the sun is still shining just for you.Ameeting with Bagreeing withCgoing with Dcoping with解析：选D考察动词短语辨析。句意：最重要的是正视困难时刻，应对变化，到达太阳仍只为你发光的那一边。这里用co

109、pe with表示“对付，应付”。meet with“遇见”；agree with“同意”；go with“伴随”。9(2022湖北七市联考)The Chinese football team had experienced a series of reforms.However, its performances in Shenzhen in October _ all the people, especially the crazy fans.Aknocked down Blet downCpulled down Dbrought down解析：选B考察动词短语辨析。句意：中国足球队已经经

110、历了一系列的改革。然而，它十月份在深圳的表现让所有的人失望，尤其是疯狂的球迷们。let down“使失望”，符合句意。10WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange was in court today, and when asked for his address he said he didnt want to _ that information.Agive out Bkeep outChold out Dbring out解析：选A考察动词短语辨析。句意：维基解密创始人Julian Assange今天出庭，当法官问他住址时，他答复说，他不想公布这一信息。give

111、out“公布，宣布”符合句意。keep out“阻止进入”；hold out“坚持”；bring out“出版”。11Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will_ the worsening of the environment. Aadapt to Brefer to Csubscribe to Dcontribute to解析：选D考察动词短语辨析。句意：大多数与会者都不看好这一提议，他们认为它会导致环境的恶化。contribute to“导致，是

112、的原因之一”，符合句意。12Im looking for a job in which I can _ the different aspects of my experience so far.Acombine BassociateCcomprise Daccumulate解析：选A考察动词辨析。句意：目前我正在寻找一份能综合应用我不同经历的工作。combine“(使)结合，组合，综合”，符合句意。associate“把某人/某物与联系起来”；comprise“构成，组成”；accumulate“积累，积聚”。 第六讲动词的时态和语态考点一时态和语态的直接考察1(2022湖北高考) It i

113、s reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines _ in Wuhan.(build)据报纸报道，武汉正在建立几条新的地铁线路。答案：are being built2(2022湖北高考)In response to the audiences great demand, the play _ in the theatre twice a week.(put)应观众的强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。答案：will be put on3(湖北高考)If times _， have our ways of thinking

114、 changed too？(change)如果时代变了，我们的思维方式也变了吗？答案：have changed4(湖北高考)Last nights TV news said that by then the death of the missing people _ yet.(prove)昨晚的电视新闻说到那时为止，失踪人员的伤亡情况还没有证实。答案：hadnt been proved5(湖北高考) At present lots of food, water, tents, and medicine _ from all over China and other parts of the w

115、orld to the earthquakestricken area.(transport)目前大量的食品、水、帐篷和医药正从全国和世界各地运往地震灾区。答案：are being transported考点二时态、语态与从句的综合考察6(2022湖北高考)Knowing _ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability.(do)知道你正在干什么能降低失败的风险，这就像给自己的能力买了份保险。答案：what you are doing7(2022武昌区调研)Im a

116、fraid you cannot listen to the news now, for the radio _ yesterday is broken again today.(repair)恐怕你现在不能听新闻，因为我昨天请人修过的收音机今天又坏了。答案：(which/that) I had repaired考点三时态、语态与特殊句型的综合考察8(2022湖北高考)So fast _ that we can hardly imagine its speed.(travel)光传播的速度快到我们难以想象。答案：does light travel9(2022湖北高考)The chief eng

117、ineer together with his colleagues _ new scientific methods of farming since five years ago.(look)五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。答案：has been looking for10(2022湖北高考)Little _ what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.(care)她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。答案：does she care about11(湖北高考)Seldom

118、_ video games ever since they entered college.(play)自进入大学以来，他们很少玩电子游戏。答案：have they played12(2022荆州质检)I dont know _ in the novel that made him burst into tears.(what)我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。答案：what it was一、时态(一)一般现在时Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers

119、 us.(2022湖南高考)每晚两点左右，休就开场说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。1主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, f

120、rom time to time等时间状语。2表示客观规律和永恒真理。3在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。4用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。(二)一般过去时Could you please repeat your address? I didnt quite catch it.你能不

121、能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。Long time no see! Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。I always got up late, and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。I felt very tired when I got home, and I went straight to bed.(2022重庆高考)

122、我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。1表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。2表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。3表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。4在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。(三)一般将来时“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I will be president，

123、” said the boy, with a smile.(2022湖南高考)“你想成为什么样的人？”克劳福德夫人问。“哦，我要当总统。”小男孩笑着说。Do you know Mr Smith has come to our town?No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我现在就去看他。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看这乌云，要下雨了。Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door o

124、f faith open before you.(2022湖南高考)关上你身后的恐惧之门，你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我们必须快点。第一节课将在8点开场。1将来时的构成为will/shall/be going to动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。2will, shall表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。3“be going to动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“方案、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进展推断。4“祈使句and/or句子

125、”，这种构造中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。5某些动词的一般现在时可以表示方案、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。(四)现在进展时Hurry up, kids！The school bus is waiting for us！(2022四川高考)孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不真正在这里上班，我只是来帮助，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。“The moment is coming soon，

126、” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.(2022湖南高考)“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。He is always making the same mistake, which makes his teacher upset.他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的教师生气。1现在进展时的构成为am/is/aredoing。表示某阶段正在进展的动作或发生的事，虽然此时动作不一定正在进展，常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。2现在进展时还可表示按方案或安排将要进展的动作，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave,

127、 stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。3表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。(五)过去进展时Jim was watching a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(2022陕西高考)吉姆正在家里看午夜电

128、影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(2022江西高考)我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。1过去进展时的构成为was/weredoing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。2表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进展时表示过去将来时。这类动词

129、主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。(六)将来进展时I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.(2022辽宁高考)我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we will be enjoying ourselves this time next year.西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希

130、望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。将来进展时的构成为willbedoing。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进展的动作或存在的状态。(七)现在完成时Have you heard about the recent election?Sure, it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.(2022湖南高考)你听说过近期的选举吗？当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.(2022陕西高

131、考)他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢送。It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.(2022湖南高考)这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。This is the first time that we have faced such a problem.这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。1现在完成时的构成为have/hasdone表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或完毕。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already

132、, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。2用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。3在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。4在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third . timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。(八)过去完成时Tom and I became friends in 2000, although

133、 we had actually met several years before.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一完毕他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。By the time Jack returned home from En

134、gland, his son had graduated from college.(2022辽宁高考)杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。1过去完成时的构成为haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by, up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。2动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, wan

135、t, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。3在“hardly (scarcely). when ., no sooner . than .”句型构造中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。4by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。5表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。(九)将来完成时By the time Mr Smith arrives at the supermarket, we will have stayed

136、there for one hour.等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。将来完成时的构成为willhavedone。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。(十)现在完成进展时The manager has been telling the work

137、ers how to improve the program since 9 am.(2022全国卷)自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。You have been saying you can succeed for five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。 1现在完成进展时的构成为have/hasbeendoing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。2表示重复性动作。3表示某种感情色彩。(十一)过去完成进展时When Alice

138、 came to, she did not know how long she had been lying there.(2022全国卷)当艾丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于did not know，且lie这一动作还在进展)She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)过去完成进

139、展时的构成为hadbeendoing。主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进展的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开场并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停顿也可能还在进展。二、语态(一)被动语态的构成The window is dirty.I know. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.窗户脏了。我知道。好几周没擦了。All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.除了经理以外所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number of deaths from hea

140、rt disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。时现在过去将来过去将来体一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进展is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been

141、donewould/should have been done点津“get过去分词”表示被动。(二)主动表示被动的用法She proves very patient and warmhearted.她被证明既有耐心又很热心。No matter how hard he tried, the door wouldnt open.不管他怎么努力开门，门就是打不开。What about the books?Books of this kind sell well.这些书怎么样？这种书很畅销。The house his grandmother lives in needs repairing/to be

142、 repaired.他祖母住的房子需要维修。1“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容词/名词”构成系表构造。2表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。3动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。1.China tog

143、ether with some Asian countries _ by Typhoon Haiyan on November 8th, causing great damage and deaths.(sweep)台风海燕11月8日横扫了中国和其他一些亚洲国家，造成了巨大的损失和伤亡。答案：was swept (up)2(2022武昌区调研)Come and visit our school at the end of this year, by which time _ my academic thesis.(finish)今年年底到我们学校来参观吧，到那时我已完成了我的学术论文。答案：I

144、 will have finished3(2022黄冈适应性考试)Why havent you taken it down? I think you _ when I asked you to.(listen)你为什么没有做笔记？我认为你当时根本没有听我的要求。答案：werent listening at all4(2022黄石调研)We _ for fifteen years, but believe it or not, I recognized him the moment I saw him.(meet)我们有十五年没见面了，但是信不信由你，我一见到他就认出了他。答案：hadnt me

145、t (each other)5To our relief, the injured in the crash _ to the nearby hospital.(carry)让我们欣慰的是撞车事故中的伤员正被运往附近的医院。答案：are being carried6_ that the system is advanced and scientific in management of safety, health and environment since its application in 1951.(confirm)自1951年应用以来，该系统在平安、安康、环境管理方面的先进性和科学性

146、已经得到了证实。答案：It has been confirmed7Compare the two cities in terms of air quality, and _ which one is more suitable to live in.(find)从空气质量方面比较这两座城市，你就会发现哪一座城市更适合居住。答案：you will find8By the time the firemen arrive at the building, the fire _ by nearby citizens.(put)当消防队员到达失火的楼房时，大火将已经被附近的市民扑灭了。答案：will h

147、ave been put out9Shall we take a break in the shade of the tree? We _ in the sun for nearly two hours! (work)我们可以在树阴下休息一下吗？ 我们已经在太阳下工作近两个小时了！答案：have been working10Since the earthquake broke out, each doctor and each nurse _ saving the injured round the clock.(engage)自从地震发生以来，每一个医生和护士都一直在夜以继日地忙于抢救伤员。

148、答案：has been engaging themselves in/has been engaged in11She didnt tell me _ to the office.(return)她没有告诉我她什么时候回办公室。答案：when/what time she would return12A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, _ in Syria.(happen)战争是如此的残酷以至于总是带来巨大损失，正如叙利亚所发生的事情一样。答案：as has happened13Five hours is _ to trav

149、el from Beijing to Shanghai in 2022 on a highspeed railway.(take)2022年，坐高铁从北京到上海只需五个小时。答案：what it will take14If you can win the game today, _ to go on a holiday next month.(allow)如果今天你赢了这场比赛，下个月就允许你去度假。答案：you will be allowed第七讲非谓语动词考点一非谓语动词作状语1(2022湖北高考)Not _ my parents, I failed to go to a drama sc

150、hool, where my interest lay.(persuade)由于没有说服我父母，我没能上戏剧学校，而那才是我的兴趣所在。答案：having persuaded2(2022荆州调研)_， I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.(stay)为了晚上保暖，我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。答案：To stay warm at night3(2022襄阳质检)_， the school keeps on inspiring childr

151、ens love of art.(found)这所学校创立于20世纪初期，它一直鼓励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。答案：Founded in the early 20th century4(湖北高考)_ red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(paint) 这栋楼房被涂成了红色，在其他建筑物中特别显眼，看起来很吸引人。答案：Having been painted/Painted考点二 非谓语动词作定语5(2022宜昌调研)Volunteering gives you a chance _， incl

152、uding your own.(change)志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的时机，包括你自己的。答案：to change lives6(2022武汉调研)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(question)刚刚警察询问的目击者对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。答案：(who were) questioned7(2022武昌区调研)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _.(stand)除了一个书橱在墙角外，房间里空空

153、荡荡。答案：standing in one corner考点三非谓语动词作宾语8A celebrity is a person who works hard to become well known, then wears dark glasses to avoid _.(recognize)明星努力工作只为知名，然后又带着墨镜以免被人认出。答案：being recognized9(2022湖北黄梅综合测试)Using a washing machine means _ as washing by hand.(use)机洗意味着用水是手洗的三倍。答案：using three times as

154、much water10(2022湖北高考)The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without _.(ask)这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。答案：asking for leave11(湖北高考)When you are finished with the electric iron, dont forget _.(turn)用完电熨斗后，不要忘记关掉它。答案：to turn it off考点四非谓语动词作主语、表语12(2022湖北高考)As time is pressing, I think _ is the best w

155、ay to get from here to the conference centre.(take)由于时间紧迫，我认为从这里去会议中心最好的方法是乘出租车。答案：taking a taxi (to take a taxi)13(湖北高考)_gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)获得一份奖学金使马丁有时机去北方某州上大学。答案：Winning a scholarship考点五非谓语动词作宾补14(2022武汉高中毕业生五月供题)The room was in a total m

156、ess when we came back from work the house seemed _.(break)当我们下班回到家时，发现屋子里一片狼藉好似有人闯进来过。答案：to have been broken into15(2022湖北高考)When I work on the farmland in the daytime, I always _ to a tree on the riverbank.(keep)白天干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。答案：keep the/my sheep tied16With _ his lecture about the endangere

157、d animals, the professor has been preparing for it all day.(attend)因为许多学生要来听他的关于濒危动物的报告，这位教授一整天都在做准备。答案：many students to attend一、非谓语动词作状语1动词不定式作状语I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2022山东高考)由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永远不

158、会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么快乐。This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2022辽宁高考)这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed,

159、 angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。(4)在“主语系动词表语(形容词)to do”构造中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该构造中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。2分词作状语One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his

160、flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.因为约会到得早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2022重庆高考)我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very

161、 beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园更加美丽。(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。(2)假设句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。(3)假设现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。(4)假设与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。(5)假

162、设句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，那么要用过去分词(done)。3独立成分作状语Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。Considering your health, youd better have a rest.考虑到你的安康，你最好休息一下。有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说judging from/by . 根据来判断considering ./taking . into con

163、sideration 考虑到to tell you the truth 说实话seeing . 鉴于/由于supposing 假设，如果assuming 假使given 考虑到，鉴于provided (that .) 如果二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好时机的

164、风险。I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(上海高考)在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到适宜的食物。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(20

165、22安徽高考)在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。1以下动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动容许选方案，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2以下动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼

166、原谅，成认推迟没得想。防止错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。制止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。3be used/accustomed to, le

167、ad to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank . for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。4以下动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不

168、定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：forgetregrettrygo onremembermean三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2022四川高考)我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。Let those in need understand that we will go all

169、 out to help them.(2022陕西高考)让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.(2022陕西高考)克莱尔在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进展了安检。He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(辽宁

170、高考)亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。1感官动词(词组) see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：2使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况：(1)make宾语(2)let宾语(3)have宾语点津have sth. to do有事情要做have sb. doing假设用于否认句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。(4)get宾语四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got

171、 home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.(2022辽宁高考)劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2022福建高考)建于1911年的清华大学是无数出色人物的摇篮。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实

172、的故事为依据写的。1现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进展。2过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。点津表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰表达内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。3不定式作定语表示未做的事情。五、非谓语动词作主语和表语Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure

173、.(2022浙江高考)聆听别人对你刚刚所读的书的反响会增加额外的乐趣。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)To see is to believe/Seeing is believing.眼见为实。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。The queens work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。1不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是屡次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某

174、一次的动作。2以下句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/wasdoing sth.3不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。4动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。六、with复合构造John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然承受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having

175、 a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.由小男孩带路，我们找到这个村庄没费力。with复合构造常用形式with七、独立主格Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting ou

176、t of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费力地走出了森林。Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。独立主格构造的构成形式名词或代词点津独立主格构造从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：1独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；2独

177、立主格构造一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。1.As we have no access to the Internet, I think it no use _ right now.(prepare)由于我们无法使用互联网，我觉得现在就为新闻发布会做准备没有用。答案：preparing for the news conference2(2022武汉调研)With _， you can enjoy yourself in the Food Festivals.(taste)有如此多的食物品尝，在这次美食节上你可以好好享受一番了。答案：so much food to taste3He happ

178、ened _ the dictionary when his friend came in.(refer)当他朋友进来时，他碰巧在查阅词典。答案：to be referring to4(2022黄冈适应性考试)With students _ too much homework, some educators appealed to the public to pay more attention to their physical health.(burden)由于学生背负着沉重的家庭作业的担子，一些教育家呼吁公众多关注他们的身体安康。答案：burdened with5An increasin

179、g number of people are out of work.The situation will get worse if not _.(deal)越来越多的人失业了。如果不认真对待，这种情形会变得更糟糕。答案：carefully dealt with6(2022黄冈调研)With_， some students feel at a loss when filling out college application.(choose)在填报大学入学志愿时，由于有许多大学可供选择，很多学生感觉不知所措。答案：many colleges/universities to choose fro

180、m7So much time and money _， the project is only half done.(spend)已经花费了如此多的时间和金钱，工程却只完成了一半。答案：(having been) spent8The earthquake that happened in Yaan Sichuan in April is reported _the death of nearly 200 people.(result)据报道，在四月发生的四川雅安地震导致接近两百人丧生。答案：to have resulted in9_ he has failed in his investmen

181、t, I agree to lend him some money. (convince)相信他投资失败了，我同意借点钱给他。答案：Convinced (of the fact) that10The old wooden armchair looks rather unusual in shape, but it is very comfortable _.(sit)这把木质旧椅子形状看上去有些奇怪，但坐上去却很舒服。答案：to sit on/in11The stone bridge _ will make a much greater difference to the life of th

182、e people in the earthquake stricken area.(rebuild)正在重修中的石桥将为地震灾区的人们生活带来极大的便利。答案：(which/that is) being rebuilt12After she completes the project, shell have _.(worry)当她完成了这项工程后，她就没有什么要担忧的了。答案：nothing to worry about13To every one of us, _ Beijing University is a great honor.(admit)对于我们每个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣耀

183、。答案：being admitted to14He was very clever.I didnt think he would let himself _ by the enemy so easily.(kill)他很聪明，我想他不会这么轻易让自己惨遭敌人的杀害。答案：be killed15Road signs have letters large enough _ easily from a distance.(see)路标上的字母很大，从远处容易看见。答案：to be seen 第八讲情态动词考点一情态动词表推测的用法1(湖北高考)He looks sleepy.He must _ la

184、st night, writing the essay.(stay)他看起来犯困。昨晚他肯定熬夜写论文了。答案：have stayed up2(2022孝感调研)Why are your eyes so red? You _ well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late watching a football match.(sleep)你的眼睛为什么这么红？昨晚你不可能睡好觉。是的，我熬夜看足球比赛了。答案：cant/couldnt have slept考点二情态动词的非推测性用法3(湖北高考)He believes that children _ at the

185、ir own pace.(allow) 他认为应该允许孩子们按他们自己的节奏来学习。答案：should be allowed to learn4(2022湖北八校联考)Tom thought that anybody who stole his phone _ as to use it right in front of him.(foolish)汤姆觉得不管是谁偷了他的手机都不会愚蠢到在他面前使用它。答案：wouldnt/couldnt be so foolish考点三“情态动词have done”的用法5(2022襄阳调研)We need _ so much food now that S

186、uzie wont be with us for dinner.(buy)我们本来不必买这么多食物的，因为Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。答案：not have bought6(2022荆州调研)They should _ at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(arrive)他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但是他们的航班推迟了。答案：have arrived一、can, could与be able to的用法Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.(

187、现在的能力)(2022全国卷)如果我现在能弄到足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.(将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(过去有能力做并且成功地做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。I could have worked out the problem, but

188、 I was too nervous.(本来有能力做但未做)我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Chinese?Sure, we call it “doufu”这道菜真的很好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名是什么？当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐”。1表示现在的能力：can, am/is/are able to。2表示将来的能力：will be able to。3表示过去的能力：could表示过

189、去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。4can/could表示惊讶，常用在否认句和疑问句中。5can/could表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。二、may与might的用法May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you mustnt. You read it in here.(陕西高考)我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？不，决不可以，你在这儿读。As far as I know, he might be very busy now.据我所知，他现在可能很忙。If you thi

190、nk the price of beef is too high, you might as well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。1表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否认答复时要用mustnt，表示“不可以”“制止”“阻止”之意。2may/might还可以表示推测，意为“可能”。3“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。三、must的用法You mustnt park here! Its an emergency exit.(重庆高考)你不可以在这儿停车！

191、这是紧急情况出口处。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.(2022福建高考)我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2022辽宁高考)如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨完毕。1must用于否认句，表示“制止”，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。2must表示必要性

192、，意为“必须”。3must表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。四、need与dare的用法As far as Im concerned, you neednt worry about us now.就我个人而言，你现在没有必要担忧我们。You need to practise reading aloud every day.你有必要每天都大声朗读。How dare you say Im unfair.你竟敢说我不公平。He darent/doesnt dare (to) speak English before such a crowd.在这么多人面前他不敢说英语。1need作情态动词时，主要

193、用于否认句和疑问句中。2dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。点津dare和need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否认和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。五、will与would的用法Would you pass me the book?你递给我书，好吗？Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night

194、.(2022重庆高考)你昨晚为什么没有参加Simon的聚会？我想去，但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema togeth

195、er.当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去看电影。1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。4would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。六、shall, should与ought to的用法What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?I havent decided on the time. But I will call you.先生，我明天什么时候到你

196、家接你呢？我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2022陕西高考)妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There should be twelve.你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。With all his money, he should worry about a l

197、ittle thing like 5 cents!有那么多钱，他竟然为像5分钱一样的小事而烦恼！You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。1shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3should表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。4Why/Howshould构造表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。5ought to表示应该。七、情态动词表推测的用法It is

198、usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？It cant be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.(2022江西高考)门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。You neednt

199、 take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It might do.(2022北京高考)你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。哦，我不知道，或许会下雨。Its the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in

200、the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。1can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否认句中也可以表示推测，cant意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。2may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否认句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。3must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否认句中要用can/could)。4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含

201、有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。八、“情态动词have done”的用法I couldnt have enjoyed myself more it was a perfect day.(2022浙江高考)我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)这真是完美的一天。We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me？(2022北京高考)我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must have drunk too much at the

202、 party last night.(2022辽宁高考)哈里感觉很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝多了。Sorry, Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否认形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might

203、 have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否认形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情1.(2022武昌区调研)I believe he _this unexpected end to his expedition, but he did not waste time on regrets.(mourn)我相信他肯定对这次探险意想不到的结局感到痛心，但他并没有把时间浪费在悔恨中。答案：must have mourned2It was a difficult game, but actually

204、 we _ two or three goals in the second half.(score)那是一场困难的比赛，但实际上我们本可以在下半场进2到3个球的。答案：could have scored3When the young athlete took part in the competition, he _ that he would become an Olympic champion.(think)当这名年轻运发动参加比赛时，他不可能想到他会成为一名奥运会冠军。答案：couldnt have thought4Why are you watching TV at this mom

205、ent? You _ your homework.(do)你现在为什么在看电视啊？你应该在做作业。答案：should be doing5Its raining so hard now.I should _ with me when I left home this morning.(carry)现在雨下得很大。我今天上午离开家时应该随身带把伞的。答案：have carried an umbrella6He has known about it.You must _ last night and told him.(ring)他已经知道了这件事情。昨晚你肯定给他打了电话并告诉了他。答案：have

206、 rung him up7Most ancient religions held the belief _ from one body to the other.(pass)多数古老宗教相信灵魂可以从一个人传给另外一个人。答案：that spirit could be passed on8Thanks, mum.But you actually _ my papers.Please let me manage it myself next time.(sort)谢谢，妈妈。但你不必替我整理试卷。下次请让我自己来。答案：need not have sorted out/didnt need to

207、 have sorted out9Tony is not doing his homework in his study.He _ in the living room now.(watch)托尼没有在他的书房里写作业。他现在肯定在客厅里看电视呢。答案：must be watching TV10It is only by going on adventure _ knowing themselves.(succeed)只有经历冒险，人们才能成功认识自我。答案：that people can succeed in 第九讲虚拟语气考点一if条件句中的虚拟语气1(湖北高考)Had we not us

208、ed an outofdate train schedule, we _ the train.(miss)要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。答案：wouldnt have missed2(湖北高考)If _ alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home.(drink)如果昨晚我没有喝酒的话，我就能开车回家了。答案：I hadnt drunk考点二含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气3(2022武汉二中模拟)But for your timely encouragement, I _ after going through so mu

209、ch difficulty.(lose)要不是你及时鼓励，经历这么多困难之后我早就灰心了。答案：would have lost heart4Kobe was hurt; otherwise, he _ the match.(participate)科比受伤了，不然，他就参加比赛了。答案：would have participated in考点三名词性从句中的虚拟语气5(湖北高考)I feel so sick.I wish Mum _ to eat so much.(force)我现在感到恶心。妈妈真不该逼我吃这么多。答案：hadnt forced me6(湖北高考)After circling

210、 around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that _ as scheduled the next day.(land)神舟飞船在绕地球飞行三天后，接到地面指示，要求它第二天按方案着陆。答案：it (should) land7(湖北高考)Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ at the meeting.(discuss)约翰逊先生坚持认为值得关注的这个问题要在会上讨论。答案：(

211、should) be discussed考点四其他句型中的虚拟语气8The boy had a big smile on his face as if _ from some sort of prison.(set)这个男孩笑得非常灿烂，就像刚从某种监禁中释放出来一样。答案：he had just been set free9H7N9 Virus is fatal to every person, and it is time that _.(take)H7N9病毒对每个人都是致命的，因此是该采取有效措施的时候了。答案：effective measures (should) be taken/

212、effective measures were taken一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2022湖南高考)对不起，我太忙了。要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2022天津高考)如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。Grace doesnt want to mov

213、e to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(2022安徽高考)格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。if条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示将来情况should动

214、词原形动词过去式were to动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt been caught drunk driving last month.事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担忧了。当条件状语从

215、句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。三、省略if的倒装句If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的时机，我会更加努力地学习。Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2022浙江高考)要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。If it shoul

216、d rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气Im really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.我真的很忙，否那么我就和你一起去购物了。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they

217、 were waiting for me.(2022天津高考)我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.(2022陕西高考) 假设当时没有您大方相助，我就不会度过那段困难的时期。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。五、(should) do .构造的虚拟语气Teachers recommend parents not allow their chil

218、dren under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建高考)教师们建议父母，为了平安不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在承受之前我们要反复考虑。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go

219、to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气构造为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。2用于主语从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strang

220、e/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。六、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。I wish that I hadn

221、t agreed to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.我要是当时没有容许参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气1对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式(be用were)2对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词3对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could/might动词原形七、其他句型中的虚拟语气George is going t

222、o talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.(江苏高考)乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had

223、read her mind.他站起来给她让座，他好似读懂了她的心思。Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们承受教师的建议就好了！1would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。2在“It is (about/high)timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。3as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语

224、气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。4if only引导的感慨句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。1.(2022武昌区调研)If I _， things would not have got worse.(consult)我如果向他请教了，情况就不会恶化。答案：had consulted him2(2022黄冈适应性考试)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time _.(save)如果我了解这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间。答案：would have been saved3Honey, look

225、at your mistake in spelling this word, or you _ full marks in this exam.(obtain)亲爱的，看看你这个单词的拼写错误，不然你这次考试就能得总分值了。答案：could have obtained4If it hadnt been for the accident, his daughter _ now.(alive)要不是那场车祸，他的女儿现在一定还活着。答案：would/could be alive5“My son, why are you so rude? I would rather I _ you then.”

226、cried the old woman angrily.(give)“儿子，你为什么如此无礼？我真希望没有生你。” 这位老太太生气地哭喊道。答案：hadnt given birth to6If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as his sister was, he _ as fluently as she does.(speak)如果小华像他妹妹一样在英国长大，那他也能像她那样流利地讲英语。答案：could speak English7How we wish that we _ those people who have been buried

227、 in the ruins for 76 hours! (rescue)我们多么希望将那些在废墟中掩埋了76小时的人救出来呀！答案：would/could rescue8She has failed in the end.If only _ her friends for some advice! (ask)她最后失败了。要是她征求朋友们的建议就好了！答案：she had asked9The commander gave the order _ firing at once.(stop)指挥官下命令说，所有的士兵要立即停顿射击。答案：(that) all the soldiers (shoul

228、d) stop10Without their help, the police _ in catching the robber in such a short time last month.(succeed)上个月，如果没有他们的帮助，警察不可能在这么短的时间内成功抓住那名抢劫犯。答案：couldnt have succeeded 第十讲并列句和状语从句(一)并 列 句考点祈使句and/or/otherwise句式1(2022湖北高考)_and youll find the purple one is softer.(compare)比较这两把牙刷，你就会发现紫色的那把要柔和一些。答案：C

229、ompare the two toothbrushes2(2022武昌调研)Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, _.(have)在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否那么可能会出现问题。答案：or/otherwise you could have problems(二)状 语 从 句考点一时间状语从句1(2022湖北高考)I dont often lose things, so I was quite surprised _ my wallet and found it wasnt there.(reach)我不常丢东

230、西，所以当我拿钱包却发现钱包不在时，大吃一惊。答案：when I reached for2(湖北高考)Such knowledge is still useful _ to similar situations in other countries.(when)当应用到其他国家的类似情形时，这样的知识依然有用。答案：when (it is) applied考点二地点状语从句3As a policeman I find _， drugs are always behind it.(violence)作为一名警察，我发现，哪里有暴力，其背后总是有毒品。答案：where there is viole

231、nce考点三条件状语从句4_ tomorrow, all the students wont take part in the sports game held by our school.(rain)如果明天下雨，所有的学生都不会参加学校举行的体育活动。答案：If it rains5What if we _ with us? (take)如果我们忘了带伞怎么办？答案：forget to take an umbrella考点四让步状语从句6(湖北高考)However _， I could not read his handwriting.(try)不管我怎样努力，还是无法认清他写的字。答案：h

232、ard I tried7(2022荆州调研)One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ is in life.(full)一个人不管他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。答案：how full his schedule考点五原因状语从句8(2022宜昌调研)Mark needs to learn Chinese _ a branch in Beijing.(since)马克需要学汉语，因为他的公司在北京开了一个分公司。答案：since his company is opening考点六方式状语从句9(2022荆州调研)Ja

233、ck wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ something very clever.(do)Jack 什么也没说，但教师向他笑了笑，好似他做了件聪明的事情一样。答案：as if he had done(一)并 列 句一、并列连词At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.(2022四川高考)在学校，有的学生很活泼而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。I was gl

234、ad to meet Jenny again, but I didnt want to spend all day with her.(2022新课标卷)很快乐又见到Jenny了，但是我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都这么湿。Yesterday, I forgot to pick my son up, so he waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小

235、时。Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？1表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。3表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。4表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either . or ., not . but, neither . nor .等。二、祈使句and/or/otherwise句式Work hard and you will succeed.If you work hard, you wil

236、l succeed.努力学习，你就会成功。Hurry up or we will be late.If you dont hurry up, we will be late.快点儿，否那么我们就迟到了。A few more efforts and you will succeed.If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.再努力些，你会成功的。1祈使句and陈述句If .，主句。2祈使句or陈述句If . not .，主句。(二)状 语 从 句一、时间状语从句1when, while, asNancy enjoyed herself so

237、 much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of

238、mine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)附属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相比照。(3)附属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进展或同时完成，可译为“一边(，一边)”或“随着”。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进展时态表示在一段时间内正在进展的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。2when的特殊用法Tom was about to close the window when his attent

239、ion was caught by a bird.(全国卷)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.(2022浙江高考)我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件

240、事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3表示“刚就，一就”的常用表达The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished hi

241、s speech than the students started cheering.(2022辽宁高考)他刚完成演讲学生们就开场欢呼起来。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when .

242、和once(一就)这些附属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”。(2)no sooner . than .，hardly/scarcely . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4before与sinceYou must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach

243、 any decision.(2022湖南高考)在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2022四川高考)据

244、报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。(1)before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就，在之前”。(2)It will be一段时间before .“多久之后才”。(3)It wont be long before .“不久之后就”。(4)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”。(5)It is一段时间since .“自从多久了”。5表示“每次；下一次”的常用表达Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come, do re

245、member to bring your son here.下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。6till, until和not . untilHave you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会

246、议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停顿”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not . until表示“某动作直到某时间才开场”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。二

247、、地点状语从句A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2022山东高考)很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where/Wherever theres plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。1地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地

248、点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。三、条件状语从句She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.(2022江西高考)她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.(2022江西高考)只要你容许不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river b

249、ank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假设他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？引导条件状语从句的附属连词有：if, unless(if . not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。四、让步状语从句Although regular exercise is very importan

250、t, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进展锻炼绝不是一个好主意。Ill wait for you however late it is.不管有多晚我都会等着你。Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。Much as I like it, I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。W

251、hile I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A(2022湖南高考)虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。引导让步状语从句的连词有：1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。2whether . or .(不管还是)；疑问词ever (不管；无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等；no matter疑问词(不管；无论)。3as或thou

252、gh引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。4附属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。五、原因状语从句Mum, could I go out to play now?Let me see . Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that I have

253、 told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。引导原因状语从句的附属连词有：because, as, since(既然), now that, seeing that, considering that(考虑到)。六、方式状语从句The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。Do as you are t

254、old to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否那么你会被辞退。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。引导方式状语从句的附属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。七、结果状语从句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.Mike

255、 is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此老实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult

256、 problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。1引导结果状语从句的附属连词有：so . that ., such . that .。在非正式语体中，由so . that ., such . that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其构造形式：2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . as to .八、目的状语从句When he goes out, he

257、often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。引导目的状语从句的附属连词有：so that, in order that, for

258、fear that, in case (that)/lest等。1in order that, so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2for fear that, in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担忧某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。1.(2022武汉调研)_ your children, and you will really know what they are thinking about.(try)尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正地知道他们在想

259、什么。答案：Try to be friends with2In reality, it was not long _ the newlyinstalled software.(familiar)事实上，没过多久他就熟悉了新安装的软件。答案：before he got/was familiar with3_ that she had been admitted into Oxford University, I sent an email to congratulate her.(moment)我一听说她被牛津大学录取的消息，就马上发电子邮件向她表示祝贺。答案：The moment I hear

260、d the news4Israel offers automatic citizenship to Jews who want it，_.(whichever)犹太人只要愿意，均可自动参加以色列国籍，不管他们说何种语言。答案：whichever language they speak5You must remind him of the deadline for application，_.(forget)你一定要提醒他申请的截止日期，以免他忘记。答案：in case he forgets6_， he always tried to avoid me, pretending not to ha

261、ve seen me at all.(approach)不管什么时候我接近他，他总是试图躲避，假装根本就没看见我。答案：Whenever I approached him7_， we might all one day be forced to live with some disabilities.(as)尽管这件事听起来奇怪，但我们大家可能有一天不得不忍受残疾。答案：Strange as it sounds8However _， his boss never seems satisfied with his work.(work)无论他怎么努力，他的老板好似总是对他的工作不满意。答案：ha

262、rd he works9All the Chinese jumped with joy _ the news that Shenzhou had been sent up into space successfully.(moment) 一听到神舟十号成功发射时，所有的中国人欣喜假设狂。答案：the moment they heard10So many nights as you were playing cards_， and while you were still in sound sleep, I was already in the office.(bury)多少个夜晚当你们在打牌的

263、时候我埋头工作，当你们还在呼呼大睡的时候我已经在办公室了。答案：I buried myself in work11(2022湖北七市联考) Calm down for a while _the complicated problems very soon.(simplify)冷静片刻，你很快就会将复杂的问题变简单了。答案：and you will simplify12_， we must respect the old and love the young.(wherever)无论我们在哪里，我们必须尊老爱幼。答案：Wherever we are13People in the country

264、could no longer bear the cruel king and _ they rose up.(it)这个国家的人民无法再忍受这个残暴的国王，没过多久，他们造反了。答案：it wasnt long before14_， Ill wait for you to have dinner together.(however)无论多么晚，我会等你一起吃饭。答案：However late it is15(2022武昌调研) Everything was placed exactly _ it for the graduation ceremony.(want)在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在

265、他想放的位置。答案：where he wanted 第十一讲定语从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1(2022武昌调研)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(need)洪水过后，灾区人民急需干净的饮用水和、药物和帐篷来渡过难关。答案：who urgently needed2(2022宜昌调研)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _.

266、(affect)这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角来讲述地震中发生的故事的。答案：whose lives were affected3(2022随州调研)Do you still remember the food company _ ten years ago? (work)你还记得十年前我父亲参观过的那家食品厂吗？答案：which my father visited考点二关系副词引导的定语从句4(湖北高考) The city _ is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)我成长的那座城市夏季非常炎热、药物和潮湿。答案：where/in which I g

267、rew up5(2022孝感调研)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ differently.(see)将孩子们置身于他们以不同方式对待自己的境地非常有益。答案：where they can see themselves6(2022十堰调研)The days are gone _.(look)妇女被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。答案：when women are looked down upon考点三“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句7(2022湖北高考)Through the course of my schooling, I met many

268、teachers, two _ me greatly.(influence)上学时我遇到过很多教师，其中两位对我影响很大。答案：of whom influenced8(湖北高考)Learning strategies, to _ importance, have not yet drawn enough attention to students.(attach)教师们认为重要的学习策略还没有引起学生们的重视。答案：which (the) teachers attach考点四as, which引导的定语从句9(湖北高考)_many times, serving the people is ou

269、r first policy.(mention)正如屡次提到的那样，为人民效劳是我们的首要方针。答案：As has been mentioned10(2022武汉调研)Mary is much kinder to Jack than she is to the others, _ all the others upset.(make)玛丽对杰克要比对别人好得多，这使得其他人感到不安。答案：which makes一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble i

270、s Mr. Wang.我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(北京高考)很少进展体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。Id like a room whose window ( the window of which) looks out over the sea.我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)

271、whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。2that, which引导的定语从句He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。That ev

272、ening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2022全国卷)那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。(3)以下情况只用that不用which：先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little,

273、much, few等不定代词；先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only, the very (正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。二、关系副词引导的定语从句When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2022新课标全国卷)当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。I shall neve

274、r forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这就是他在会议上解释他无礼的原因吗？They have reached the point where they have to separate with

275、each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”构造替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。3领先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case,

276、 stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，那么用关系代词that/which。三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2022天津高考)我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。Present at

277、 the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the US.出席会议的几乎都是DNA方面的专家，其中大局部来自美国。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which( whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。1假设介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”构造。2该构造中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系

278、代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和局部关系”，介词常用of。常见构造：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。四、as, which引导的定语从句The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the pas

279、t two months.(2022福建高考)正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这座城市的空气质量已有所改善。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2022, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2022安徽高考)莫言被授予2022年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as no

280、ne of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学教师考试出题太难，以至于没有一个人能解出来。I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具

281、。1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在以下习惯用语中：as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。3which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时，那么只能位于句末。4“such/so . that .”意为“如此以致”时，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so . as .”意为“像这样”时，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语

282、等。5“the same . that .”表同一人或物，而“the same . as .”表同种类的东西。五、way和time后接定语从句的情况What surprised me was not what he said but theway he said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The way he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。T

283、his was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词是time，假设time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；假设time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/duringwhi

284、ch引导定语从句。1.(2022荆州调研)The director is communicating with those two guest professors, _ at hotel management.(expert)主任正在和两位客座教授交谈。这两位教授都是酒店管理方面的专家。答案：both of whom are experts2(2022武昌调研)The boy, _ a great talent for language learning and persuasion, is a Manchu.(say)据说这个有语言天赋和很强说服力的男孩是个满族人。答案：who is sa

285、id to have3(2022黄冈适应性考试)The achievements of our ancestors in _， will shine brightly and open to everyone.(pride)我们引以为豪的我们祖先的辉煌，将永远闪耀着光辉，并向每个人开放。答案：which we take/show/feel (a) pride4(2022黄石调研)He made a few friends soon after he transferred to the new school, _ he had no difficulty in fitting in.(help

286、)转学到了新校不久他就交了几个朋友，在他们的帮助下他毫不费力地就适应了。答案：with whose help/with the help of whom/and with their help/and with the help of them5The world has been changing at such a high speed _.(expect)世界变化速度之快没有人意料得到。答案：as no one has expected6Id like to express my thanks to my family and especially my wife, _I could n

287、ot have done this.(encouragement)我想对我的家庭，尤其是我的妻子表示感谢，没有他们的鼓励，我不可能做到这些。答案：without whose encouragement7The company, _ a small river, has never poured any waste into it.(flow)门前有小河流过的那家公司从来没有往河里倾倒过垃圾。答案：in front of which flows8Global warming has become a serious problem, _ more attention.(pay)全球变暖已经成为一

288、个严肃的问题，对此我们应该给予更多关注。答案：to which we should pay9If you come across a word _， please look it up in the dictionary.(forget)如果你遇到一个你已经忘记了其意思的单词，请查词典。答案：whose meaning you have forgotten10The white building, _ in the big fire, is actually a hospital.(damage)房顶在大火中被损坏的那栋白色建筑实际上是一所医院。答案：whose roof was damage

289、d11The library contains 5,000 books, _ the collection of the professor.(come)这家图书馆有5 000册书，其中许多来自这位教授的收藏。答案：many of which come from12The sun heats the earth, _ to us human beings.(important)太阳给地球热量，这点对我们人类很重要。答案：which is important13Such advice _ has proved to be worthless.(give)结果证明像他所得到的那些建议毫无价值。答案

290、：as he was given14Id like you to explain the reason _.(absent)我想让你解释一下你没有来的原因。答案：for which/why you were absent15He asked me to read the article _ in his talk.(refer)他请我读一读他在讲话中提到的那篇文章。答案：to which he referred/referred to 第十二讲名词性从句考点一主语从句1(2022重庆高考改编)_ in the movie was the fathers deep love for his so

291、n.(strike)这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。答案：What struck me most2(2022荆州质检)_whether Legend of Zhen Huan, a favorite among Chinese viewers, will be accepted by foreign audiences.(remain)备受中国观众喜爱的电视剧甄嬛传能否被外国观众承受还有待观察。答案：It remains to be seen考点二宾语从句3At first, they took it for granted _ to the library.(have)一开场，他们

292、想当然地认为每个人都可以进入那家图书馆。答案：that everyone had access4With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _ in ten years.(what)随着科技的快速开展，我无法想象十年后我的家乡会是什么样子。答案：what my hometown will be/look like考点三表语从句5What my father often tells me is _ a girl shine is not her looks but her personality.(ma

293、ke)我父亲经常告诉我：让一个女孩儿耀眼的不是她的外表而是她的个性。答案：that what makes6(2022黄冈中学五月调考)The kids are not interested in this subject, which is _.(lie)孩子们对这门功课不感兴趣，这是问题所在。答案：where the problem lies考点四同位语从句7(2022襄阳三月调考)Honestly speaking, I have no idea _the driving test at the first attempt.(pass)说实话，我不知道我是否能够在驾驶考试中一次过关。答案：

294、whether I can pass8The order _ hasnt reached us, so we dont know whether we have the time to visit you.(return)我们没有接到什么时候返回的命令，所以我们不知道是否有时间去看你。答案：when we (should) return9(湖北高考)The news _ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)房价将要下跌的消息已经导致许多人以较低价将房子卖掉了。答案：that house prices

295、 will fall考点五whever引导的名词性从句10(2022宜昌调研)_ will have to pay for it.(break)你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。答案：Whichever one of you breaks the window一、各种名词性从句的定义What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。In recent years, there has been a heated argument about whether

296、it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(宾语从句)近几年来，关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有剧烈的争论。When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句)当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats where I dont agree. You should

297、 have a more active life.(表语从句)在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极的生活。1主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。2宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。3同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。4表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。二、that引导的名词性从句1that引导主语从句That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure.你

298、不知道规那么不能成为你失败的借口。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.显而易见学生应该对未来做好准备。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。(1)that引导主语从句位于句首时，that无意义，但是不可

299、省略。(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：Itbe形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)that从句。Itbe名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)that从句。Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged

300、, etc.)that从句。2that引导宾语从句Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2022北京高考)专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。(1)常见的可以接tha

301、t从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。3that引导表语从句和同位语从句My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。I made a promise

302、 to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位语从句)(2022浙江高考)我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。三、whet

303、her/if(是否)引导的名词性从句It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2022山东高考)在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)

304、He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须答复他是否同意此事这样一个问题。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。(宾语从句，不可用if代替whether)whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但以下情况常用whether，不用if。1与or或or not连用时只能用whether2从句作介词宾语时只能用whether3在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不

305、用if。四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2022四川高考)科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什

306、么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。It hasnt been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.恐怕他是夸夸其谈而非埋头实干的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。1特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, k

307、now, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。3以上疑问词可引导介词宾语从句。4特殊疑问词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。五、what, whever引导的名词性从句What attracted me most was the excellent performance of actors.最吸引我的是演员们的精彩表现。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的

308、人都必须自己付钱。There are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(宾语从句)有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。1what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；w

309、hichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论的哪一个/哪一些”。3“疑问词ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。4“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是

310、定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)1同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。2定语从句是对前面名词进展修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。1.No judgment will be made about _ the crime until the whole case has been investigated.(guilty)只有整个案件调查完毕之后才能判定这个人是否有罪。答案：whether the man is guilty of2It is more and more commonly reali

311、zed by people that _， it cannot match a healthy body.(wealthy)人们越来越普遍地认识到，无论你多么有钱，也比不上有一个好身体。答案：however/no matter how wealthy you are3Decades of reform and openingup has made our motherland _ now.(what)几十年的改革开放使得我们祖国开展成为现在的样子了。答案：what she/it is4Theres no need to severely care about _.(belong)不属于你的，又

312、何必拼了命地去在乎。答案：what doesnt belong to you5A growing number of people express a strong desire _ another job to get more money to support their family.(take)越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。答案：that they (should) take (up)/to take(up)6The question is _ the cost of the product.(reduce)问题是我们能否降低产品的本钱。答案：w

313、hether we can reduce7(2022武昌区调研)“_was just how often people were using their mobile phones.” Dr Daniel Kruger, the studys coauthor, said.(find)丹尼尔克鲁格博士是本次研究的合著者，他说：“我们发现有趣的是人们如此频繁地使用手机。”答案：What we found interesting8(2022黄石调研)_ to the conference surprised us, since he was an important figure in this

314、field after all.(invite)他没有被邀请参加会议很让我们吃惊，毕竟他是这一行业的重要人物。答案：That he was not invited/His not being invited9He turned a deaf ear to _，addicted to playing gambling.(what)他对我曾经说过的话充耳不闻，一味沉溺于赌博。答案：what I had said10(2022黄梅一中高三测试)The representatives all applauded his proposal _ education.(access)代表们都赞同他的提案，即

315、每个孩子都应有平等的时机承受教育。答案：that each child (should) have equal access to11Dad has given up smoking, saying he just did _ ten years ago.(do)爸爸戒烟了，说自己只是做了十年前就该做的事。答案：what he should have done12(2022荆门高三调研)Building a wellbeing and harmonious society is _.(struggle)我们一直为之奋斗的就是建立一个和谐的安康社会。答案：what we have been st

316、ruggling for13(2022荆州调研)When the news came _， she was deeply uneasy because her husband was on board.(sink)当有消息说那艘船已经漂浮时，她感到深深不安，因为她的丈夫在那艘船上。答案：that the ship had sunk14(2022武汉市高三五月供题)_ is that the H7N9 spreads more easily to people than similar viruses.(worry)令专家担忧的是H7N9比其他同类病毒更容易传播给人。答案：What the ex

317、perts are worried about/What worries the experts15(2022武汉四月调考)After Pauls fourth error, word came _in no time.(fire)在保罗犯了第四个错误后，有消息说他马上要被炒鱿鱼了。答案：that he would be fired 第十三讲强调和倒装(一)强调考点一强调句型的根本用法1(2022武汉调研)It was only after he had read the papers_ the task before him was extremely difficult to comple

318、te.(realize)看到那些文件后，他才意识到他面前的任务完成起来是极其困难的。答案：that he realized2(2022随州调研)The patient looks much better._ has made him what he is today？(what)那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？答案：What is it that考点二not until的强调句型3(2022黄石调研)It was not until near the end of the letter _.(mention)直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的方案。答案：that she men

319、tioned her own plan(二)倒装 考点一完全倒装1(2022宜昌调研)John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before.(stand)约翰翻开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。答案：stood a girl2(2022孝感调研)Just in front of the bus _， all covered with blood.(lie)公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。答案：lies/lay an injured man考点二局部倒装3(2022武汉调研)So suddenly _ that the ene

320、my had no time to escape.(attack)他们突然进攻，以至于敌人来不及逃跑。答案：did they attack4(湖北高考)Not until two days after the earthquake _ her mother alive.(find)直到地震后的第三天，她才发现她的妈妈还活着。答案：did she find考点三as/though表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用局部倒装5(2022荆州调研)Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work exper

321、ience.(be)虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但为了得到一些工作经历他还是承受了它。答案：as/though he was考点四“only状语”置于句首时，句子用局部倒装6(湖北高考)Only if people of all the countries are united _ the existing problems in the world.(solve)只有各国人民团结起来，我们才能解决世界上存在的问题。答案：can we solve(一)强调She realized that it was not the words but the way she spoke to Bruce

322、 that hurt him.她意识到不是她说的话，而是她对布鲁斯说话的方式伤害了他。It is the manager rather than the workers that is to blame for the accident. They just carried out the plan as told.是经理而不是工人该为事故负责任。他们只是按被告知的执行方案。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影

323、明星。How was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week? Hes always so lazy.你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的？他总是那么懒。I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.我确实希望你能考虑我的方案。1强调句型的根本构成是“It is/was被强调的局部that/who其他局部”。被强调的局部可以是主语、宾语和状语等。2如果原句中含有“not . until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否认词not连同状语一起提前。3强调句型的一般

324、疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的构造是“疑问词is/wasitthat/who从句”。4do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进展强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。(二)倒装一、完全倒装For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. (福建高考)一会儿没发生什么事情。接下来传来了一起喊的声音。Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief.(上海高考)听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。Present

325、 at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Away they went.他们走了。在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：1表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here, there, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时。2假设把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。点津主语是代词时不倒装。二、局部倒装Only after they ha

326、d discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. (2022湖南高考)直到他们讨论那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. (2022上海高考)她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。Shall we take some apples with us?No, at no time is food allowed in the library.我们可以

327、随身带些苹果吗？不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!Im glad you like it. (2022福建高考)太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！你喜欢我很快乐。Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.直到他离开家，他才开场知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。1only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用局部倒装。2否认副词never, nor, not

328、, hardly, little，seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否认意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用局部倒装。三、局部倒装的特殊句式They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢有很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。Since my return to China, I havent seen my host mother

329、in America nor/neither (have I heard) from her.自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅

330、要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健效劳。Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.(2022新课标全国卷)虽然休努力尝试了，但是她无法翻开门。It is said that no sooner had the game started than it began to rain.据说比赛刚一开场就开场下雨了。1表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装构造“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否认意义)。2在so .that .和such .t

331、hat .句式中，如果so或such引导的局部位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要局部倒装。3not only .but also .连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用局部倒装。4as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)5hardly .when .; no sooner .than .; scarcely .when .刚就，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，前一个句子用局部倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用

332、过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。1.(2022荆州调研)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital.(treat)只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。答案：can the patients be treated2It is not their interest but the need of the market _ students choices of college majors.(influence)不是兴趣而是市场需求影响着大学生的择业选择。答案：

333、that influences3(2022武昌区调研)Then _that Dolly had become seriously ill.(disturbing)然后传来了多莉病重的令人不安的消息。答案：came the disturbing news4(2022黄冈适应性考试)Seldom _ each other any more though we studied and lived in the same town.(see)即使我们生活、学习在同一座城市，我们也很少见面。答案：did we see5(2022黄石调研)So _ playing computer games that

334、he neglected his study and fell behind.(addicted)他如此沉迷于玩电脑游戏以致荒废了学业，成绩落伍。答案：addicted was he to6Ive tried hard to improve my English.But by no means _ my progress.(satisfy)我努力地提高我的英语水平，但是我的父母对我的进步一点都不满意。答案：are my parents satisfied with7(2022武昌区调研)Do you still remember _ that your mother showed you ar

335、ound the Great Wall? (when)你还记得你母亲终究是何时带你参观长城的吗？答案：when it was8Not until I came home last night _ his homework.He was very tired.(finish)昨晚直到我回到家我的孩子才完成了作业，他非常疲惫。答案：did my child finish9The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.I had told you it would easily break _ the weakest.(be)我的风筝断线了，它飞走了。我早

336、就告诉过你，线最细的地方容易断。答案：where it was10(2022黄冈适应性考试)All the people concerned are wondering _ that let out the details of the draft plan.(who)所有相关的人都想知道终究是谁泄露了方案草案的细节。答案：who it was 第十四讲主谓一致和特殊句式(一)主谓一致考点主谓一致的三大原那么1(2022武汉调研)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony

337、of the 2022 Taipei Flower Expo.(invite)那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2022年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。答案：was invited2(2022黄冈质检)The teacher together with your classmates _ you.Where have you been just now? (look)教师和你的同学们一直在找你。刚刚你去哪儿了？答案：has been looking for3(2022武昌调研)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest _

338、for other purposes.(save)这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。答案：of which were saved(二)省略考点一从句的省略1(2022宜昌调研)There are some health problems that, _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.(treat)有一些安康问题，如果不及时处理，过些时候会变成比较严重的问题。答案：when (they are) not treated考点二不定式符号to的省略2(2022黄石调研)The driver wanted to park his

339、car near the roadside but _.(ask)那个司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。答案：was asked by the police not to(三)反意疑问句和感慨句考点一反意疑问句1(2022黄石调研)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？(be)他是无辜的，对此你在心中毫不疑心，是吗？答案：is there2(2022荆州调研) I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？ (do)我告诉他们并非每个人

340、都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？答案：didnt I考点二感慨句3(2022荆州调研)_！ Ive never seen it before.(strange)多么奇怪的一棵植物啊！我以前从没见过。答案：How strange a plant/What a strange plant(一)主谓一致一、意义一致原那么The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。Every man and every

341、 woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值

342、得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。1由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。2“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。3非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况(1)many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。(2)the rest, the remaining/part .主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数

343、意义而定。(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。二、就近一致原那么Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。Are either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow?是你还是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议呢？There is a pencil and two pens in the penc

344、ilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。1由or, nor, either . or, neither . nor, not only . but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原那么，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。2there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。三、语法一致原那么My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.我的朋友们不想和我去购物。With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of

345、 good earth is being washed away each year. With more and more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。This new type of bus is now on show.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.必须抑制各种各样的困难。Mr. Smith, together

346、with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。1主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原那么，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。3由“kind(或form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数

347、。4主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(二)省略一、从句的省略Every day after I went home, if not tired from work，I will go out for a walk with my wife.每天我回家后，如果不累，我会和妻子一起出去散步。Although small, the company has about 1,

348、000 buyers in over 30 countries.(2022天津高考)这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.(2022陕西高考)书中所有的照片，除非另外说明，否那么都是二十世纪五十年代的。She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.她站在门口好似在等人。Get up early tomorrow.If not (If you dont

349、 get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天得早起。如果不早起，你就赶不上首班车。Do you think it will rain?I hope so/not (that it will rain/not rain)你认为会下雨吗？我希望下/不下。1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式。3Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别表示

350、肯定或否认，宾语从句可省去。二、不定式的省略I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.你愿意参加这个比赛吗？我愿意。Are you a sailor?No, but I used to be.你是水手吗？不是，但我过去是。He hasnt finished yet.Well, he ought to have.他还没完成。哦，他早该完成了。1单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expe

351、ct, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。否认形式的省略用not to。2不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面。3如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保存be，have和have been。(三)反意疑问句和感慨句一、反意疑问句1陈述局部含有must/may/might的反意疑问句You must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走，是吗？You mustnt sm

352、oke here, must/may you?你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？You must/may/might be hungry now, arent you?你现在一定/可能饿了，是吗？You must have heard about it, havent you?你一定听说过这件事了，对吗？You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you?你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，是吗？(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问局部用neednt；当含有mustnt (不允许、制止)时，其反意疑问局部用must/may。(2)“

353、must/may be”对现在的情况进展推测，按一般现在时或现在进展时的附加疑问句进展处理。(3)“must完成时”用来推测过去的动作，强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时，按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理；反之，按一般过去时的附加疑问句处理。2祈使句的反意疑问句Open the door, will/wont you?翻开门，好吗？Lets go out for a walk, shall we?我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now, will/wont you?现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其构造为：(1)否认祈使句，

354、will you?(2)肯定祈使句，will/wont you?(3)Lets .，shall we?(4)Let us .，will/wont you?3陈述局部含有宾语从句的反意疑问句He said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？I dont believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功，会吗？Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed, does he?汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？(1)当陈述局部带有宾语从句时，疑问局部

355、常和主句保持一致。(2)陈述局部的主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine，且主句主语为第一人称时，疑问局部的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；主句的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问局部与主句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述局部的否认转移现象。4陈述局部含有否认含义及否认词的反意疑问句He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?没有拐杖他几乎不能走路，是吗？Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？Its unfai

356、r, isnt it?那不公平，是吗？1如果陈述局部含有由表示“否认”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问局部一般用否认式。2陈述局部含有否认词或半否认词的反意疑问句当陈述局部带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否认词或半否认词时，疑问局部的动词用肯定形式。二、感慨句What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is!多聪明的孩子啊！What beautiful flowers these are! How beautiful these flowers are!这些

357、花多美啊！What sweet water it is!这水可真甜呀！How fast he is running!他跑得真快！感慨句的根本构成形式1What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！2How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！3How形容词/副词主语谓语！1.How I wish I had worked harder！Large quantities of time _ by me.(waste)我真该努力学习呀！我浪费了大量的时间。答案：have been wasted2(2022荆州调研)Yesterday her husband together with her childr

358、en _ the party.(invite)昨天，她的丈夫和孩子们一起受邀参加了那个聚会。答案：was invited to (attend)3(2022襄阳调研)Every means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.(try)为了防止空气污染，各种方法都试过了，但天空还是灰蒙蒙的。答案：has been tried4Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins _ in the sunken ship since they began the exploratio

359、n.(find)自从他们开场探险以来，除了在一艘沉船上发现了一些中国古代钱币以外一无所获。答案：has been found5The day before yesterday the police including one officer _ the murderer in that mountain.(search)前天警察包括一名警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。答案：were searching for6(2022宜昌模拟)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if _ to her husband.(say)刚刚那位病人张开她的嘴，似乎要对她的丈夫

360、说些什么。答案：to say something7(2022黄石质检)Although _， this medicine will be good for curing the disease.(taste)尽管尝起来有点苦，但这种药对治疗这种病有好处。答案：tasting a little bitter8What a pity that you didnt attend Janes wedding!I _， but you know my little son is always attached to me.(intend)你没有参加简的婚礼，真遗憾！我本打算参加的，但你知道我的小儿子总是粘着我。答案：intended to have9_ to go hiking with your good friends during the coming holiday! (fun)在即将到来的假期中和你的好朋友一起去远足将是多么惬意的事情呀！答案：What fun it will be10I guess he must have learnt France, _？ (he)我想他以前肯定学过法语，是不是？答案：hasnt he69 / 69