2015-2016学年高二英语外研版选修8课件：MODULE 1 GRAMMAR 12 .ppt

1、Module 1Deep South Grammar 1&2Grammar 1Grammar 1-1Look at the sentences and underline the subject in these sentences.1.98%of the surface is permanently2.covered in the ice cap.2.Covering about 14 million squarekilometres around the South Pole,it isthe fifth largest continent in the world.3.A high mo

2、untain range,the TransAntarctic range,runs from east to west,cutting the continent in two.4.It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.5.Antarctica is full of wildlife,which has adapted to its extreme conditions.6.Only two types of flowering plants are found.7.There are different types of

3、penguins,flying birds,seals,and whales.8.Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste is very important to this continent.9.What the treaty aims to do is toprevent the commercial and military use of the continent.Structures used as subjects Examples nounsNoun phrases1.3.A high moun

4、tain range 2.7.penguins,flying birds,seals and whales5.AntarcticaGrammar 1-2 Match the structures in the table with the subjects that you underlined in Activity1.infinitivespronounsNumbers-ing formsNoun clauses4.to imagine a more inhospitable place1.98%of the surface6.two types of flowering plants9.

5、What the treaty aims to do2.it8.Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste(1)名词做主语Books are on the desk.Her class is not having a chemistry test.Are snow and ice seldom seen in that city.(2)代词做主语He is good at learning language.She is fond of dancing.Summary(3)数词作主语-How much is fi

6、fteen and fourteen?-Fifteen and fourteen is twenty-nine.(4)动词不定式作主语To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.To see is to believe.(5)动名词作主语Reading in bed is a bad habit.Smoking can cause cancer.(6)it作形式主语Its not easy to master a foreign language.It is difficult to learn Written Chinese.

7、(7)从句作主语What he wanted best was knowledge.What you have done makes your mother angry.1.主语的定义:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首,但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。Grammar 1 3 Explanation 2.主语的表现形式：可以用来作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词、主语从句、形式主语。3.主谓一致主谓一致是指：(1)语法形式上要一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语

8、动词用复数形式。(2)意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数,谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有:news,maths,physics等。(3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,如there be句型或用连词 either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.but also等。要注意的几个问题：(1)class,family,team,country,school等(2

9、)集合名词作主语时,如果指整体,用单数;(3)如果指每个成员,用复数。(2)trousers,shoes,glasses,socks,stockings,scissors单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但当它们与a pair of 或 pairs of连用时,谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数,取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。(4)当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,but,except,besides,as well as等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。(5)the+adj.表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

10、(6)and 连接并列主语时谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词无冠词。(7)Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时,谓语动词用单数,其中A、B代表单数名词。(8)The number of+.,谓语动词用单数。A number of+.,谓语动词用复数,相当于a lot of。(9)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。(10)表示数量的 one and a half 后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。(11)几分之几/ha

11、lf of/part of/the restof+n./pron.作主语,谓语动词由后面的n./pron.决定。而one of+n./pron.作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(12)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。(13)表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。(14)关系代词who,that,which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。(15)疑问代词 who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。1.Each of you _ responsible for

12、 the accident.A.am B.be C.is D.are2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A.has B.have C.had D.is having3.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.isExercisesCAA4.There _ in this room.A.are too much furniture B.is too many furnituresC.are too much furnituresD.is too

13、much furniture5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A.were B.are C.was D.be6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A.am B.is C.are D.wasDCC7.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were8.One or perhaps more pages _.A.is missing B.

14、has been missed C.are missing D.was missingBC9.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A.has argued B.has been arguing C.have argued D.have been arguing10.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A.is B.was C.are D.has beenDC11.What caused the ac

15、cident _ on the road.A.were stone B.were stones C.was stone D.was stones12.Interest,as well as prospects,_ important when one looks for a job.A.are B.were C.is D.was13.A number of cars _ in front of the park.A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parkedDCC14.The number of articles published on

16、smoking _ amazing.A.is B.are C.were D.have been15.Four-fifths of the crop _.A.are ruined B.was ruined C.were ruined D.have been ruined16.The young _ the vital forces in our society.A.is B.has been C.are D.have beenACB17.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.A.involve B.involves C.i

17、nvolving D.to involve BFor more exercises,click here.高考链接1.(10湖南)Listening to loud music at rock 2.concerts_ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项C2.(10四川)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,

18、Some_ difficult to understand.A.are;are B.is;is C.are;is D.is;areB.解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词C.用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语D.应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应E.是复数。故选A。A3.(10全国)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A.wear B.wears B.C.has worn D.have wornBFor more exercises,c

19、lick here.Grammar 2Grammar 21 Underline the verb structures in these sentences.(1)The Endurance became trapped,(2)and Shackleton and his men watched(3)it sink into the icy sea.(2)He and five men would take one of the lifeboats,and sail 800 miles to South Georgia,where there was a permanent camp.(3)H

20、e had to walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp.(4)The whale hunters at the camp couldnt believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.(5)He returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon.Grammar 2-2 Write the verb structures you u

21、nderlined into the correct place in the table.transitive verbintransitive verbmodal verblinking verbrescue/see/watch/take/reach/believe/abandon/forcebecome/sail/walk/returnhad to/couldnt/wouldwasauxiliary verbinfinitive-ed or ing form active voicepassive voicehadto rescue/to reach/to abandonwalkingr

22、eturned/saw/sail(become)trapped/(had been)forcedGrammar 2-3 Find more examples of the structures in the table from the reading passages“Antarctica:the last Continent”and“how Failure Became Success”.transitive verbintransitive verbmodal verblinking verbboardedstandwouldwasauxiliary verbinfinitive-ed

23、or ing form active voicepassive voicehadto break upreplacedsurvivedsigned byAnswers:6.will make7.to reach8.has already made9.will only be10.addedGrammar 2-4 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.1.is considering2.reported3.will visit4.to investigate5.is expected1.谓语的定义：

24、谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。Grammar 2-5 Explanation 2.谓语的构成：(1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.She takes good care of her sick mother.2.复合谓语由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.Youd better not take the magazi

25、ne out of the reading-room.He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.She doesnt seem to like dancing.We are going to call on him tonight.由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.He looked a bit excited.动词是历年高考热点，也是高三英语复习备考重难点。下文对近三年高考题进行盘点，拟总结规律，剖析难点，指出应试策略，指导考生轻松过关。热点一：动词词义辨析热点透视考查考生在特定语境中恰当运用动词能力。难

26、点剖析 备选动词词义相近，用法相似。考题盘点If anybody calls,tell them Im out,and ask them to _their name and address.（2003全国）A.pass B.write C.take D.leaveD据题意应选 leave,表“留下”。其余动词不合题意，故选D。备考策略 结合语境，从区别词义着手；其次从用法上加以区别，如后跟to dodoing做宾语，还是跟双宾语，或者是复合宾语等。加强对考纲内重要近义动词的复习。如：spend,waste,take,kill；raise,keep,support,feed等。高考链接1.We

27、 _ the last bus and didnt have 2.any money for taxi,so we had to walk3.home.(2006全国I)A.reached B.lost C.missed D.caught2.Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself,but her parents did not _ her to do so.(2006全国II)A.forbid B.allow C.follow D.ask CB3.It was already past midnight and only th

28、ree young men _ in the tea house.(2006安徽)A.left B.remained C.delayedD.desertedB热点二：动词短语辨析热点透视 考查考生在具体语境中运用动词短语能力。难点剖析 备选词组形近或义近，或二者兼备或同一动词不同搭配；除涉及词义辨析外，还结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。考题盘点1.News reports say peace talks between the two countries _with no agreement reached.(2003全国)A.have broken down B.have broken o

29、ut C.have broken in D.have broken up此题还涉及时态,增加了试题难度。考查同一动词不同搭配,break up表打碎,化合物分解,大学放假等;break down 表(机器等)坏掉,(计划、谈判等)失败,物理分解等;故选A。A高考链接1.There were a lot of people standing at 2.the door and the small girl couldnt get 3._.(2006全国II)A.between B.through B.C.across D.beyond B2.She _ Japanese when she was

30、 in Japan.Now she can speak it freely.(2006福建)A.picked out B.made out C.made up D.picked upD3.As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain,the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.(2006湖北)A.called up B.called for C.called on D.called inAFor more exercises,click here.热点三：动词时态热点透视 进

31、行时、过去时和完成时是考试热点。难点剖析 备选答案涉及不同时态的辨析,主要是：一般现在时和一般过去时、一般将来时和过去进行时、一般现在时和完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时;结合时态、语态对考生进行综合考查。考题盘点1.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness_.(2003全国)A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown据 as 可知主从句时态应保持一致，故选C。C高考链接1.The house belongs to my aunt

32、 but she _ here any more.(2006全国I)A.hasnt lived B.didnt live C.hadnt lived D.doesnt live 2.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20.(2006四川)A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has takenDA3.This machine _.It hasnt worked for years.(2006浙江)A.didnt work B.wasnt working C.doesnt work D.isn

33、t workingC热点四：动词语态语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。考题盘点1.All the employees except the 2.manager _to work online at home.3.（2004广东）A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.are encouraged据题意应用被动语态，故选D。D1.The water _ cool when I jumped into the

34、pool for morning exercise.(2006全国I)A.was felt B.is felt C.felt D.feels2.As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days.(2006全国II)A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keepingCC高考链接3.-Your job _ open for your return.(2006北京)-Thanks.A.will be kept B.will keep C.had kept D.had been ke

35、ptAFor more exercises,click here.热点五：动词语气热点透视 祈使句结构(结构中连词、陈述句的时态和直接以动词开头构成的祈使句与非谓语动词的区别是热点。)难点剖析 祈使句(动词或动词短语)+and/or+谓语,用将来时或情态动词的陈述句;否定结构的构成：直接在祈使句前加Dont/Never；反意疑问句的构成：以lets构成的反意疑问句，用shall we提问；其余情况用willwont you 提问。考题盘点1.Sorry,Joe.I didnt mean to(2002.全国)Dont call me“Joe”.Im Mr.Parker,and _ forget

36、 it!A.do B.didnt C.did D.dont此题考查祈使句否定结构的构成,同时涉及时态。句末感叹号很重要,据题意选D。D1.Eliza remember everything exactly as if2.it _ yesterday.(2006全国I)A.was happening B.happens B.C.has happened D.happened高考链接D2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refus

37、ed to.(2005江苏)A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;what D.should not send;whatB热点六：情态动词热点透视 情态动词表推测的用法；情态动词的完成时。难点剖析 must/cant/shouldnt/neednt/ought to/etc.+have done 的意义及用法；shall 用于二、三人称表允诺，命令，警告，强制等；must,can,may表推测用法见下表。单词用法must 用于肯定句中,肯定语气最强。must not 表“禁止”。can不用于肯定句中,肯定语

38、气次之。若用于肯定句中,表偶尔一时的特征。cant 表“不可能”。may用于肯定句中,肯定语气最弱。may not表“可能不”。考题盘点1.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.(2003全国)A.should B.can C.must D.will此题考查can表可以、能够的用法，故选B。B1.Mum,Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._I go out and play with

39、 Tom for a while?(2004辽)No,Im afraid not.Besides,its raining outside now.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.wontA高考链接2.I _pay Tracy a visit,but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(2004浙江)A.should B.might C.would D.couldAFor more exercises,click here.Homework Finnish Exercises 2,3,5,6 and 7 of Grammar 1 after class.Review what you have learned during this period of class and get ready for the next period.Goodbye!