VOA慢速英语听力 EDUCATION REPORT（WORD文本英汉互译）：0916A.doc

1、标题：voa慢速英语讲解附字幕:美国女性博士数量超男性对应音频：0916a.mp3听力内容：Women Edge Past Men in Doctorates in USThis is the VOA Special English Education Report.In the United States, about six out of ten students in graduate schools are women. The same is true of todays young adults who already have a degree beyond college. A

2、s a result, the Census Bureau expects that more women than men will hold professions such as doctors, lawyers and professors.Men had faster growth rates than women in going to graduate school in two thousand nine. Still, women earned sixty percent of the masters degrees. That was the level of about

3、ninety percent of all the graduate degrees awarded.But a new report says the two thousand eight-two thousand nine academic year marked a change. Women also earned fifty and four-tenths percent of the doctorate degrees. The Council of Graduate Schools says this was the first year ever that women earn

4、ed more doctorates than men.the largest share of all doctorates that year - Forty-two percent - were in education, engineering, and biological and agricultural sciences. But the report says between nineteen ninety-nine and two thousand nine, graduate enrollment increased in all subjects areas. The f

5、astest growth was in health sciences, business and engineering.In two thousand nine, graduate schools reported strong growth of six percent in first-time students from the United States. But enrollment of new international students decreased by about two percent - the first drop since two thousand f

6、our. The share of foreign new students in graduate schools fell from eighteen percent to sixteen and a half percent.In other education news, President Obama marked the new school year with a speech Tuesday. He spoke from a school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.BARACK OBAMA: You know whats going on in

7、 the news, and you also know whats going on in some of your own families. Youve read about the war in Afghanistan. You hear about the recession that weve been through. And sometimes maybe youre seeing the worries in your parents faces or sense it in their voice. So a lot of you as a consequence, bec

8、ause were going through a tough time as a country, are having to act a lot older than you are.President Obama told students they need to work hard in school because an education has never been more important than it is today.BARACK OBAMA: The farther you go in school, the farther youre going to go i

9、n life. And at a time when other countries are competing with us like never before, when students around the world in Beijing, China, or Bangalore, India, are working harder than ever, and doing better than ever, your success in school is not just going to determine your success, its going to determ

10、ine Americas success in the twenty-first century.这里是VOA特别英语教育报道。在美国，研究生学院六成的学生是女性。今天，年轻人中拥有大学以上学历的性别比例也是如此。因此，统计局认为，从事医生，律师和教授等职业的女性也会超过男性。2009年，男性就读研究生学院的增长率超过女性。然而，获得硕士学位的女性仍然占60%。获得硕士学位的研究生共有90%。但是，一份新的报告称，2008至2009年学年度出现了一些变化。获得博士学位的女性占50.4%。美国研究生院委员会表示，这是第一年出现女性博士超过男性的状况。那一年大部分——52%

11、的博士学位集中在教育，工程，生物学和农业科学领域。但是该报告称，1999年至2009年期间，所有学科领域的研究生入学率均出现增长。增长最快的是卫生，商业和工程领域。2009年，美国研究生新生入学率强势增长了6%。而新的国际学生的入学率下降了2%，这是自2004年以来首次出现下降。研究生院中外国新生的比例从18%降低到16.5%。在其他教育新闻方面，奥巴马总统周二发表讲话纪念新的学年开始。他在宾夕法尼亚州费城一所学校发表讲话。奥巴马：“你知道新闻中都在播放什么，你知道自己的家庭正在经历什么，你们也了解阿富汗战争，了解我们正在经历的经济衰退。有时，你可以从你父母的面部表情中看到，从他们的声音中感觉

12、到忧虑。所以，由于我们整个国家正在经历困难时期，你们中的许多人的行为都比实际年龄更加成熟。”奥巴马告诉学生们，他们在学校必须努力学习，因为“在今天，教育比以往更加重要”。奥巴马：“你的学习生活月深入，你的生活也将越深刻。在其他国家比以往更加激烈的与我们竞争时，在世界各国的学生，来自北京，班加罗尔，印度的学生比以往更加努力学习时，你们在学校的成绩不仅仅决定你自己的成功，还将决定美国在21世纪的成功。”1.beyond prep.ad. 在…的那边,超出,超过,除…以外;超出…的范围2.award vt.授予, 奖给; 判给例句：The court awa

13、rded heavy damages.法院判定很重的损失赔偿金。3.doctorate n.博士学位例句：He hasnt enough credits to get his doctorate.他的学分不够取得博士学位。4.enrollment n.注册,入会,入学等的人数例句：Middle school enrollments will peak this year.今年中学入学人数将达到高峰。University enrollments had risen by 50 per cent.大学入学人数增加了50%。5.decrease vt.vi.(使)缩短; 减小, 减少例句：The t

14、raffic accidents in the city decreased last year.该城市去年交通事故减少了。The population began to decrease.人口开始减少。decrease，diminish，lessen，reduce，dwindle这些协词的共同含义是“减少，变少”。decrease指逐渐地、不断地减少。diminish侧重大小数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。lessen普通用词，与decrease近义。指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少。reduce普通用词，含义广。指数量、程度的降低或减少。dwindle与decrease同义，指逐渐

15、减小，但强调变得越来越少终至全无。6.recession n.经济衰退; 不景气；经济萎缩7.determine v.限定; 制定; 支配例句：Economic factors determine the progress which a society can make.经济因素是社会进步的决定因素。1.In the United States, about six out of ten students in graduate schools are women.six out of ten表示分数英语分数的表示法：一、用“基数词序数词”表示分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达

16、的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。如：The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。However，the number of boys will bea third or less than the girls in the class但是，班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。从以上例子可以看出：分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，12不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。例如：The

17、 sum of one half，one third and one fourth of a certain number is 13.某数的12，13和14的和是13。二、用per cent等表示表示百分之一可以说one（a）hundredth，但更常用one percent或per cent，即用百分数表示法来表达。例如：Our bodies are 65percent water我们人体含65水分。Seventy-five percent of the earthssur- face is covered by water地球表面的75被水覆盖着。三、用part表示名词part有“&he

18、llip;…分之一”的意思，分子大于1时，part用复数。表示分数的结构一般有以下三种：（1）“基数词（或a）序数词part（s）” a hundred part百分之一（2）“基数词part（s）in基数词” five parts in one thousand千分之五（3）“基数词part（s）per基数词” one part per million百万分之一四、用“基数词介词基数词”表示借助介词表示分数，介词前的数词是分子，介词后的数词是分母。例如：Ninety-nine people out of a hundred，if they were asked who firs

19、t found America， would answer Clumbus如果要问是谁首先发现美洲，一百个人中有九十九个（百分之九十九）将回答是哥伦布。这种结构中的介词主要有in，out of，of以及toThe map is drawn to a scale of one of ten thousand这张地图是按万分之一的比例绘制的。2.So a lot of you as a consequence, because were going through a tough time as a country, are having to act a lot older than you a

20、re.as a consequence由于…,结果例句：As a consequence, many researchers routinely violate its requirements.因此，许多研究人员经常违反规定。3.President Obama told students they need to work hard in school because an education has never been more important than it is today.has never been more important than最高级1)直接使用比较级

21、How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard a better voice.= She has the best voice Ive ever heard.她唱得多好啊！这是我听到的最美的歌喉。I have never read a more interesting novel.= It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的小说。2)比较级 than the other 复数名词/ any other 单数名词/ any of the other 复数名词She goes to scho

22、ol earlier than the other girls.她比其他女孩早上学。He works harder than any other student.她学习最用功。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家3)比较级 than anything/ anyone elseGeorge did more work than anyone else.乔治干活最多。Tom cared more for money than for anything else汤姆最喜欢钱。4)在比较句型中使用 no, nobody, nothing 等词。I like nothing better than swimming.我最喜欢游泳。Nobody can do the work better than he did.这项工作他做得最出色。