2022版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练：27 （重大）政治、历史事件文化渊源 WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(二十七).阅读理解A(2019福建泉州质检，C)When my grandmother died at the age of 96, there were two things she left behind in abundancenearly 100 photo albums documenting decades of travel and home life, and a dozen quilts, one of which my mother gave me.Quilting is the process of sewing together fabric(布料) to

2、make one large piece of fabric. In my family, quilting and sewing is a tradition that has been passed down through the generations. My mother says her greatgrandmother would occasionally travel around New York State to sew clothing for other families.In the United States, quilting was a craft (手艺) t

3、hat started as a necessity and eventually became much more. In 1862，the US government offered millions of acres of land to Americans who wanted to move west. This allowed families to settle on land that they could eventually own. They often built their own homes and lived off the vegetables in their

4、 gardens and the livestock they had. Sewing was very important to women because they were responsible for clothing their families and keeping them warm.Quilting also became a chance for women to socialize with each other. They would gather for socalled “quilting bees”，where they would meet up and wo

5、rk on one quilting project together.This provided a muchneeded relief from the lonely life of living on a large piece of land.Throughout history, the different patterns on American quilts have conveyed all kinds of information. From them, we can tell where a person lived and what region of the world

6、 they originated from, or sometimes a story is told in pictures on a quilt.Even today, women still gather to quilt together in a show of friendship and a love of the craft, just like the old days.My sister has tried quilting a few times, and hopefully, her two daughters may one day continue this fam

7、ily tradition.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。绗缝，我们俗称“缝被子”。绗缝这种手艺一开始只是生活所需，后来却变得愈发重要。它不仅能为人们日常所用，也是旧时美国妇女聚会社交的一大活动。如今，绗缝手艺离现代生活似乎已渐行渐远，殊不知，密密麻麻的针脚缝合的不仅仅是被子，也是历史走过的印记。1What do we know about quilting?AIt is a lost traditional craft.BIt is a major means of making a living in the USA.CIt is a craft that has become a cultu

8、ral symbol.DIt is a way to carry on the American history.C细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于绗缝我们知道什么？根据倒数第二段(纵观历史，不同样式的美国被子传递着不同的信息。从被子那里，我们可以辨别人的住处，他们来自世界的哪个地区，有时被子上的图案还隐藏着一个故事)可知，绗缝手艺已成了一种文化象征，故答案为C项。A：它是已经失去的传统手艺；B：它是在美国谋生的主要方式；D：它是延续美国历史的一种方式。2What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?AIntroduce a new topic

9、 for discussion.BSummarize the previous paragraphs.CAdd some background information.DPraise the US governments policy.C推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者在第三段想做什么？第三段介绍了在美国出现绗缝这门手艺的社会背景，故答案为C项(增加一些背景信息)。A：引入一个新的讨论话题；B：总结前面的段落；D：表扬美国政府的政策。3What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AWorking on the land

10、.BParticipating in “quilting bees”CDesigning a quilting project.DClothing the family.B词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第四段中的画线词“This”指的是什么？根据逻辑可推知This指的是上句中的“quilting bees”，故答案为B项。A：在土地上劳作；C：设计一个绗缝项目；D：为家人做衣服。4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo instruct how to sew together fabric.BTo show the authors s

11、kills of quilting.CTo tell about the struggle of women.DTo appeal for preservation of quilting.D写作意图题。本题题干意为：作者写此文的目的是什么？根据全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可推知，作者写此文是为了呼吁保护绗缝这一传统文化，故答案为D项。A：指导如何将布料缝在一起；B：展示作者的绗缝技术；C：讲述妇女的奋斗历程。BChinese FestivalAs an ancient country，China has various festivals in all.The Spring FestivalI

12、n the evening before the Spring Festival, the family get together to have a big meal. Dumplings are the most traditional food. Besides delicious food and new clothes, children also get lucky money from their parents. People also put Chinese New Year scrolls(春联) on the wall for good fortune.The Lante

13、rn (灯笼) FestivalDuring this festival, there is special food, called “tang yuan”， which is said to symbolize both the first full moon and family completeness.Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lantern. Stiltwalking(踩高跷)，drumming, dragon and lion da

14、ncing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.The Duanwu FestivalAlso called the Dragon Boat Festival，it is to commemorate (纪念) the patriotic (爱国的) poet Qu Yuan, a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a ri

15、ver as a result of being vilified(污蔑，诽谤)The Double Seventh FestivalOn the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, there is a traditional festival full of romance. It celebrates the annual meeting of Niu Lang (Cowherd) and Zhi n(Weaver Maid). In recent years, in particular, urban youths have celebrated it as

16、 Valentines Day (情人节) in China.The MidAutumn FestivalIt is a conventional festival for both the Han and minority nationalities in China. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back to the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties. The MidAutumn Festival is also a holiday for members of a family to g

17、et together.The Double Ninth FestivalOn the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar, people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival. Later，the tradition develops into the custom of climbing the mountains and eating doubleninth cakes，which means that our life will become better and bet

18、ter.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最典型的几个传统节日：春节、元宵节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节和重阳节。5Which is not involved in the entertainments of the Lantern Festival?AStiltwalking.BDragon dancing.CGuessing riddles.DDelicious food and lucky money.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知A、B、C项都被包括在内。D项中的food虽然也涉及，但是lucky money却是春节才有的。故选D。6Which of the followi

19、ng tells about a Chinese ancestor who is the symbol of devotees to his homeland?AThe Spring Festival.BThe Duanwu Festival.CThe Double Seventh Festival.DThe Double Ninth Festival.B推理判断题。通读第四段对屈原的介绍可知，屈原与本题中的“the symbol of devotees to his homeland”指代一致。故选B。7What aspect is the MidAutumn Festival unique

20、 in?AFamilies getting together.BA festival of Han nationality.CWorshipping the moon.DSymbolizing the full moon.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The custom of worshipping the moon.”可知，中秋节崇拜月亮的习俗渊源久远。比较其他节日，都没有这个习俗，故选C。A项在春节中也有体现；B项定义错误，因为倒数第二段第一句提到少数民族也过中秋节；D项在介绍元宵节的段落中被提到：汤圆据说是新年第一个元月的象征。C(2019广东梅州质检，B)Donna Stric

21、kland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients(接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Grard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobelwinning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the Univers

22、ity of Rochester in New York State.Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honoured for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking i

23、nventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.“How surprising do you think it is that youre the third woman to win this prize？”“Well, that

24、is surprising, isnt it? I think thats the story of Maria that people want to talk aboutthat why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognised？”Physics still has been one of the largest gender gaps in science. One re

25、cent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.The last woman to win a physics Nobel was Germanborn Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it

26、was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This years winners hope that breaking this halfcentury hiatus will mean the focus in future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.【语篇解读】本文为议论文。Donna Strickland成为历史上第三位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。与男性相比，能获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性科学家少之又

27、少，作者希望在未来打破这种传统，给更多的女性科学家获奖机会。8Which of the following best explains “groundbreaking” underlined in Paragraph 2?AMassive.BPessimistic.CInnovative.DOutstanding.C词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下列中的哪一项最好地诠释第二段中画线词“groundbreaking”？根据画线词后面的句子“Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutt

28、ing tools.Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.”可推知画线词的意思是“开创性的”，故答案为C项(创新的)。massive大量的；pessimistic悲观的；outstanding杰出的。9What do we know about Professor Stricklands achievement?AShe created the most intense laser pulses by herself.BShe advocated equali

29、ty between men and women.CShe discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.DShe invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools.D细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们对Strickland教授的成就了解什么？根据第二段中“Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.”(Strickland教授发明了把激光作为非常精

30、确的钻孔或切削工具的方法。)可知答案为D项。10When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to women?AIn 1963.BIn 1985.CIn 1903.DIn 1958.A细节理解题。本题题干意为：第二个诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给女性是什么时候？根据最后一段可知，居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性，时间是1903年。再根据最后一段第一句可知，Maria GoeppertMayer是继居里夫人之后的第二位诺贝尔物理学奖女性获得者。根据第四段中“I think thats the story of Maria that peop

31、le want to talk aboutthat why should it take 60 years？”可知，Maria获奖的时间是在居里夫人获奖后60年，即1963年，故答案为A项。11What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 4?AWomens achievements in physics are as great as mens.BWomens achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.CMarias discoveries resulted from

32、her longtime research.DGender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.D推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第四段的陈述中可推断出什么？第四段中Strickland表达了对科研领域仍然存在性别歧视这一现象的不满，故答案为D项。.阅读七选五(2020北京朝阳区联考)Procrastination(拖延症) Tech SupportChoosing between immediate satisfaction and future benefit can easily lead to short

33、sighted decisions: Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example, or going through social media rather than working on a challenging project. 1 To guide individuals toward greatest choices, Falk Lieder, a cognitive(认知) scientist, and his colleagues designed a digital tool called a “cognitive

34、prosthesis”. It uses artificial intelligence to match a decisions immediate reward with its longterm worth after making a todo list. The researchers developed a set of models and algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list of tasks, an individuals unwillingness to each and the amoun

35、t of time available. 2 It helps to encourage that person to complete them all.The idea was to turn the challenging projects that people pursue in the real world into a game like environment. “The point system gives people achievable goals that signal that theyre making progress.” Lieder says. 3 The

36、results, published online in August in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that the AI support system helped people make better, faster decisions and procrastinate lessand it made them more likely to complete all the assigned tasks. In one experiment, in which the researchers presented 120 participants

37、with a list of several writing assignments. 4 However, the rate was only 56 percent for those not using it.Lieder says one of the current tools limitations is that it can handle only short todo lists. 5 At the same time, they are working with a company called Complice to integrate the tool into an e

38、xisting todo list app. The researchers also plan to run field experiments to see how well their cognitive prosthesis succeed in the real world.APeople often struggle to do whats best for them in the long run.BThe team tested this tool in a series of experiments with human subjects.CThe system then a

39、ssigns reward points to each task in a way that is customized.DAnd now, he and his team are trying to develop it up for a larger number of tasks.EThey found that 85 percent of individuals who used the tool completed all their tasks.FA study was conducted to find a way to help people increase their d

40、ecisionmaking ability.GThis tool is a convincing demonstration that procrastination is something that this strategy can help with quite a lot.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了一种人工智能支持系统能帮助人们做出更好、更快的决策，减少拖延，使得他们更有可能完成任务。1A根据上文“Watching TV instead of going to the gym, for example, or going through social media ra

41、ther than working on a challenging project.(看电视而不是去健身房，或者通过社交媒体而不是从事一个有挑战性的项目)”可知，A选项能承接上文内容，从长远来看，人们更愿意选择对自己最好的事情去做，故选A。2C根据上文的“The researchers developed a set of models and algorithms(算法) that consider various elements such as a list of tasks, an individuals unwillingness to each and the amount of

42、 time available.(研究人员开发了一套模型和算法，这些模型和算法考虑了各种因素，比如任务列表、个人不愿做的事情以及可用的时间)”可知，C选项(然后系统以自定义的方式为每个任务分配奖励点)承接上文内容，then说明了时间顺序，选项中的task和前文的tasks相呼应，reward points(奖励点)有助于鼓励人们完成任务。故选C。3B根据下文的“The results, published online in August in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that the AI support system helped people ma

43、ke better, faster decisions and procrastinate lessand it made them more likely to complete all the assigned tasks.(今年8月发表在自然人类行为杂志网络版上的研究结果显示，人工智能支持系统帮助人们做出更好、更快的决策，减少了拖延，而且还让他们更有可能完成所有分配的任务)”句中的the results的结果是特指的，可推知B选项(这个团队在一系列的人体实验中测试了这个工具并得出结果)中可承接下文内容，故选B。4E根据上下文可知，E选项中的they指代前文的researchers，且选项中tasks和前文assignments相呼应，选项中who used the tool和下文的“those not using it”相呼应，且语义(他们发现85%使用该工具的人完成了所有的任务)承接上下文，故选E。5D根据上下文可知，D选项中的he指代前文的Lieder，且选项中a larger number of tasks和short todo lists相呼应，且语义(现在，他和他的团队正在努力开发更多的任务)承接上下文，故选D。