2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系练习（含解析）新人教版选修6.doc

1、人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)residentradiationimmigrant environmental emission awareness decline fierce endangered severely shrink industrialized greenhouse nutritious dangerous satisfaction experience create reduction theme (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)resident， emission， radiat

2、ion， decline， severely， greenhouse，shrink， industrialized， create， theme1I think every country should cut the emission of carbon dioxide to protect the earth.2Local resident groups have united in opposition to the plan. 3The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.4An aircraft overshot

3、the runway and was severely damaged.5A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protected from bad weather.6If you give up exercise, your muscles shrink and fat increases.7Our school has organized a photography exhibition with the theme of “love my hometown”8It was wit

4、h faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.用所给词的适当形式填空1The government has decided to tighten its immigration (immigrate) policy.2The laws have led to a reduction (reduce) in fuel consumption in the US. 3Examples of unsafe environmental (environment) conditions are noise, radiation, dust,

5、 etc.4It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious (nutrition) foods.5I hope everything is to your satisfaction (satisfy), Sir.6Some effective measures have been taken to protect endangered (endanger) species.7I can feel my heart is beating fiercely (fierce)8It is common for children to ex

6、perience (experience) frustration and anger when growing.9Overtaking on a bend is dangerous (danger)Do be careful.10The old people held an activity two months ago to raise awareness (aware) of the needs of grandparents.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解While the human world is suffering from the novel coronavirus outbr

7、eak, our planet is actually showing certain signs of “recovery” from the damage caused by human activity. According to the BBC, new satellite images released by the European Space Agency showed that levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gases have “fallen sharply” in major cities in Europe and the

8、 United States ever since the lockdown started.This is what happened after recent discoveries in Antarctica. An international team of 89 scientists found that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica melted six times faster in the 2010s than it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentinas Marambio Base

9、in Antarctica recorded a record high temperature of 20.75 on the continent.So what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting? A third study might give you an idea. A team of scientists drilled a hole into the seafloor in West Antarctica and extracted (提取) material

10、 from underground, in which they found traces of roots, spores and pollen typical products of a rainforest that dated back 90 million years. In other words, Antarctica was very likely a rainforest back when the dinosaurs walked on Earth. But given the fact that the South Pole has four months of dark

11、ness during winter even millions of years ago scientists believe that the rainforest could only exist if the greenhouse gas concentrations were extremely high back then to keep the continent warm when there was little or no sunlight.“We didnt know that this Cretaceous (白垩纪的) greenhouse climate was t

12、hat extreme，” Johann Klages of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and a coauthor of the research told the Guardian.“It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do.”With ice or no ice, Antarctica will be and has always been fine with extreme changes. The human world, however, may not be.Now, duri

13、ng the coronavirus lockdown, weve seen the changes resulting from less human activity. Hopefully, well hold on to those changes not for Antarctica or the planet, but for ourselves.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了人类活动的减少给环境带来了好处。为了人类的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。1What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?AOur planet is returni

14、ng to its original state due to the novel coronavirus outbreak.BThe lockdown of major cities contributed to the decrease of greenhouse gases.CThe novel coronavirus has no effect on the human beings.DThe novel coronavirus outbreak resulted from human activity.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了自从对人的活动限制开始以

15、来，欧美主要城市的空气污染物和温室气体水平急剧下降。故选B。2What do we learn from the third study?ATypical products of a rainforest were dug out in Antarctica.BTraces of dinosaurs living in rainforests were spotted in Antarctica.CThere was a good possibility of high greenhouse gas concentrations in Antarctica.DThere used to be

16、enough sunlight for the rainforest in the Cretaceous Antarctica.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，考虑到数百万年前在冬天南极也有四个月的黑暗时间，科学家们认为，只有当时温室气体浓度极高以便在很少或没有阳光的情况下依然能保持大陆温暖时，热带雨林才可能存在。由此可推知，该研究表明，南极洲曾经的温室气体的浓度很可能非常高。故选C。3Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AHuman activity doesnt threaten

17、 life in Antarctica.BThe ice in Antarctica melted faster in the 2010s than now.CWe should reduce carbon dioxide emissions for our own sake.DThe lockdown can be carried on to slow down global warming.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段和第六段的内容可知，二氧化碳能造成巨大的变化，而对南极洲来说，这些巨大的变化一直都是也将会是可以接受的，然而对人类世界来说可能不是；我们应该为了自己而保

18、持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，为了我们自己，我们必须减少二氧化碳的排放。故选C。4What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo encourage us to defeat the novel coronavirus.BTo explain the effects of greenhouse gases.CTo draw our attention to the ecosystem in Antarctica.DTo call on us to reduce human impact on the environment.解析：选D写作意

19、图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，人类活动的减少给环境带来了变化，因此为了人类自身的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，本文的主要目的在于呼吁人们减少人类对环境的影响。故选D。.完形填空Ive been into environmentfriendly things for ages, which started when I was 13 and my favorite teen magazine 1 in the mail with a “Save the Earth, Girl！” cover. I remember it 2 ！ It was fille

20、d with all sorts of easy 3 to go green.Among many of the 4 I learned that day: turning off the water while you brush your teeth 5 200 gallons of water every year per person! I started doing that 6 . I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesnt have an unlimited 7 of fresh water.My paren

21、ts were also 8 for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who 9 rejected containers and used them for 10 ， and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own 11 to the coffee shop. I knew it was the right thing to do for the environment.Later, I tried to let my 12 flag fly!

22、 I either called out to whoever littered in public or collected magazines from my friends to 13 . Then the strangest thing happened: people started 14 me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and 15 paper back into the printer to make use of the other 16 . Its

23、 not that they were so 17 about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.Im wild about environmental protection and would stand 18 ， saying, “Yeah, this is what Im into.” 19 others dont share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means 20 your

24、 example.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者热衷环保的健康生活。1AexistedBarrivedCreturned Dprinted解析：选B根据空后的“in the mail”可推知，作者最喜爱的青少年杂志到了。2Acarefully BcorrectlyCclearly Doccasionally解析：选C根据空后的感叹号，和上文提到那本杂志是作者的最爱可推知，作者清晰地(clearly)记得那本杂志。3Atips BquestionsCjobs Ddecisions解析：选A根据上文中的“with a Save the Earth, Girl！ cover”可推知，那本

25、杂志里提供了很多环保的小贴士，与下文中的如“刷牙时关掉水龙头”等具体的建议形成呼应。4Areasons BdebatesClessons Dfacts解析：选D根据语境可推知，每个人刷牙时关掉水龙头一年可以节约(saves)200加仑水是一个事实的陈述。5Aweighs BstoresCsaves Dtotals解析：选C参见上题解析。6Aat times Bright awayCafter all Dat last解析：选B根据下文“I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesnt have an unlimited of f

26、resh water”可推知，作者认为节约用水事关重大，于是立马行动。7Aamount BcontrolCuse Dflow解析：选A作者意识到地球上的淡水资源数量是有限的。amount“数量”。8Afamous BsorryCeager Dsuitable解析：选C根据下文可知，作者的父母也加入进来，践行环保。be eager for“渴望”。9Awashed out Btook awayCgave out Dthrew away解析：选A与空前的“reusing”呼应可推知，作者一家把遗弃的容器清洗后用来贮存(storage)。10Acollection BshowCstorage Dde

27、coration解析：选C参见上题解析。11Adrinks BbooksCcoins Dcups解析：选D根据空前的“carried our own bags to the grocery store”和作者一家的环保理念可推知，他们带着自己的杯子去咖啡店。12Anoble BhighCambitious Dgreen解析：选D根据上文“Ive been into environmentfriendly things for ages”和“It was filled with all sorts of easy to go green”可推知，之后作者试着把自己的环保理念传播给他人，故选D。1

28、3Arecycle BprocessCresell Ddonate解析：选A结合作者的环保理念并根据语境可推知，作者从朋友那里收集杂志，循环利用。14Aserving BcopyingCobserving Dreminding解析：选B根据下文“One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights . make use of the other ”可推知，作者的朋友开始仿效作者，加入环保行动。15Apay BtakeCfeed Dturn解析：选C根据空后的“paper back into the printer to make use of

29、the other ”并结合语境可知，此处应是一种环保做法，即把纸放进打印机，使用纸的另一面(side)。feed“把放进机器”。16Asheet BpartCversion Dside解析：选D参见上题解析。17Acurious BconcernedCoptimistic Dserious解析：选B根据该句“Its not that . drawn to my confidence”可推知，他们这样做并不是他们关注环境，而是被作者的信心吸引，与上文作者的朋友开始效仿作者，践行环保理念呼应。18A.proudly BpolitelyCcalmly Dpatiently解析：选A根据上文中的“but they were drawn to my confidence”可推知，作者热衷环保，信心满满，并以此为傲。19A.Now that BEven ifCUnless DBefore解析：选B根据语境可知，此处表示即使其他人不能分享你的热情，但他们将羡慕你的信心，并且想像你一样。20Asetting BmakingCgiving Dfollowing解析：选D结合语境“they will envy your confidence and want to be like you”可推知，这意味着人们会被你的信心所感染，效仿你的环保行为。