新教材2021-2022学年译林版英语必修第三册学案：UNIT 4 SCIENTISTS WHO CHANGED THE WORLD 教学 知识细解码 WORD版含解析.doc

1、1survive v生存；幸存 survival n生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物survivor n幸存者2intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指intention n打算，计划3refer v查阅，参考；提到，谈及reference n提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目4limit n限度；极限；范围 limited adj.有限的5contain v容纳 container n容器；集装箱，货柜6wise adj.明智的wisely adv.明智地wisdom n智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问7benefit n优势；益处 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的1wisdom n

2、智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban.智慧Many Tibetans have expressed doubts about the wisdom of the decision.明智The received wisdom is that they cannot win.知识2refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；指的是Her mother never referred to him again.提到，谈及This paragraph refers to the events of

3、 last year.涉及，指的是You may refer to your notes if you want.查阅，参考Words and Phrases知识要点1survival n生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物(教材P44)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。例1 If you develop AIDS，your c

4、hance of survival is very small.如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。例2A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.很多小公司不得不为生存而拼搏。造句如果癌症早被发现，存活的概率就高。If cancers are spotted/discovered early，theres a high chance of survival.知识拓展(1)survive vt.& vi.生还；残存；比活的时间长survive on.仅靠维持生计survive sb.by.比某人多活 (2)survivor n.生存者；

5、残存者；幸存者即学即练单句语法填空She survived her husband by twenty years.Life became a struggle for survival(survive)Luckily，most of the passengers survived(survive) the terrible accident.Millions of people survive on a very limited diet.小片段助记Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of surviv

6、al. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors.知识要点2intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指(教材P44)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the di

7、sease.20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。例1 I intend that you(should) be invited by them.我打算让他们邀请你。例2What do you intend doing when you get to this place?你打算到这里干什么？造句他打算明年去国外留学。He intends to study/studying abroad next year.知识拓展(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算

8、让某人做某事(2)intended adj.打算的；计划的be intended for.为打算(或设计)的be intended to do.打算做(3)intention n.意图，目的；企图with the intention of有的打算/目的have no intention of doing sth.have no intention to do sth.无意做某事without intention无意地，不是故意地即学即练单句语法填空He went to Paris with the intention(intend) of learning French.He intends

9、his son to manage(manage) the company.I had intended(intend) to do it，but Im sorry I forgot.This is a new book intended(intend) for little children.小片段助记With the intention of becoming rich and famous，many people intend to take part in some TV shows，most people didnt get what they had intended to get

10、.知识要点3refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及(教材P45)When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.当它们没有取得预期效果时，屠呦呦再次去查阅历代中医典籍。例1In his speech，he referred to a recent trip to Canada.在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。例2Marcia had referred to him as a dear frie

11、nd.玛西娅把他称为好朋友。造句我答应过再也不提这事了。I promised not to refer to the matter again.知识拓展(1)refer v参考；提到；查阅；涉及refer.to.把提交给refer to.as.把看作(2)reference n.参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人make(a) reference to谈及，提及；参考in/with reference to关于reference book参考书；工具书即学即练单句语法填空He made no reference(refer) to his illness but only to his f

12、uture plans.He is referred(refer) to as a living Lei Feng.The question referred to at the meeting is hard to answer.I have nothing to say in/with reference to that case.知识要点4(教材P45)However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited然而，由于研究资源

13、有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。(1)trial n试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验vi.& vt.测试，试验例1She agreed to employ me for a trial period.她同意试用我一段时间。例2We had the machine on trial for a week.这台机器我们已经试用了一个星期。造句 我把车开出去在公路上试了一下。I took the car out for a trial on the roads.知识拓展be on trial正在受审stand/go on trial受到审判on trial在试验/测试中trial and

14、error反复试验即学即练单句语法填空Now he is on trial for his life.She will go on trial for murder.Children learn to use computer by trial and error.(2)limited adj.有限的例1The amount of money we have is limited.我们拥有的钱是有限的。例2Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses.电影业对女演员来说机会有限。造句此次减价时间有限。This offer

15、 is for a limited period only.知识拓展(1)limit vt.限制 nC限度，限制limit.to.把限定在be limited to局限于there is a limit to.是有限度的(2)limitless adj.无限制的，无止境的(3)limitation n.限制；局限即学即练单句语法填空We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their composition

16、s.There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.Families are limited(limit)to three free tickets each.小片段助记A mans life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.知识要点5container n容器；集装箱，货柜(教材P45)When there was n

17、o research equipment，they had to extract herbs using household water containers.当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。例1Do not fill the container more than twothirds full.加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。例2The crane lifted the container onto the truck.吊车把集装箱吊运到卡车上。造句她将水注入了容器里。She poured the water into the container.知识拓展contai

18、n vt.包含；容纳；容忍；控制，克制contain oneself克制自己易混辨析contain，includecontain表示包含所含之物的全部，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。另外，contain还有“克制，抑制”之意。include意为“包含；包括在内；计入，算入”，指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，在句中常构成分词短语sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。即学即练单句语法填空/选词填空(contain，include)He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself(he)I do

19、nt know how much oil is in this old container(contain)The girl went to pick up the bag containing(contain) much money.Our school lecture hall contains(contain) 1，000 people.This little book contains all the information that you need.I have to prepare food for seven people including me.知识要点6speed up(

20、使)加速(教材P45)To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。例1I noticed that your breathing has speeded up a bit.我注意到你的呼吸已加快了一点。例2This system helps speed up access times.这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。造句我已经采取措

21、施加快解决这个问题。I had already taken steps to speed up a solution to the problem.知识拓展at a speed of.以的速度at low/high/full/top speed以低/高/全/最高速pick up speed加速即学即练单句语法填空Once outside the station，the train began to speed upA sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling at high

22、 speed.This flight is now heading for Paris at a speed of 1，000 kilometres an hour.Many countries are faced with the problem how to speed up economic development.知识要点7pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的(教材P45)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。例1It will take him the rest of his life to

23、pay off that loan.那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。例2I believe that hard work and determination pay off.我相信勤奋和决心一定会得到回报。造句他们的努力最终有了回报。Their efforts paid off in the end.知识拓展pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清pay for为付钱；为付出代价pay back还钱；报复名师点津pay off表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。即学即练单句语法填空The efforts made by Jack an

24、d his parents paid(pay) off.Can you lend me some money？Ill pay you back on Friday.At last，the young peoples hard work paid(pay) off.The couple were happy to know that their sons debt had been paid(pay) off.知识要点8beneficial adj.有益的，有用的(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wis

25、dom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。例1To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air.在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。例2Being exposed to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local

26、language.在外国文化环境中熏陶有利于我们学习当地语言。造句水对植物和动物都有益。Water is beneficial to both plants and animals.知识拓展(1)be beneficial to对有益，对有用(2)benefit v.对有用，使受益 n.益处benefit from/by得益于，得利于be of benefit to对有利for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益即学即练单句语法填空Your advice is very beneficial(benefit) to me.You must stu

27、dy hard for the benefit of your own.This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties.Both sides have benefited from/by the talks.小片段助记I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week，which I think is beneficial to their learning.The notes wi

28、ll be of benefit to everyone concerned.1(教材P44)Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.分析此句为简单句。不定式 to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语

29、，修饰名词scientist；过去分词短语awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作定语，相当于定语从句which was awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria；名词短语one of the deadliest diseases in human history是 malaria 的同位语。译文屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。2(教材P45)Howev

30、er，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.分析此句为主从复合句。句中 because 引导原因状语从句。主句中it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials。译文然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。3(教材P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawi

31、ng on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.分析此句为简单句。句中“drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine”为动词ing短语作定语，修饰名词 scientists。译文也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。教材高考1.In the 1960s，many people were dying of malari

32、a，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.(2020天津卷)Making a fulllength clay(黏土)figure would not exhaust my strengthand that is what I intend to do！2.When they failed to produce any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese med

33、icine again.(2020新高考全国卷)What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to？3.However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(2019江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources.4.T

34、o speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.(2020全国卷)They will speed up energy production.5.In her Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a

35、higher level.(2020全国卷)What does the speaker recommend at the end of his lecture？(2020全国卷)Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage，walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.单句语法填空1Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 510 years

36、.2She went to this city with the intention(intend) of finding a good job.3It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.4The report will be published(publish)on the Internet.5At worst well have to sell the house to pay off our debts.6Her menu was so limited(limit) that few c

37、ustomers came to her restaurant.7The new rules will be beneficial(benefit) to every student.8I think Mary is a woman of great wisdom(wise)9Take the machine on trial for a week.10An animals sense of smell is still crucial to its survival (survive).短语填空refer to；speed up；pay off；make a difference；thank

38、s to；succeed in；day and night；give up；large amounts of；draw on1Ill have to draw on my savings to afford it.2It was all a great successthanks to a lot of hard work.3Did he give up or keep on trying?4Study this example and refer to the explanation below.5After a months hard work，his effort paid off at

39、 last.6He succeeded in getting a place at art school last year.7Whatever you choose to do，it will make a difference8Speed up your pace and try to arrive there on time.9Students should not play computer games day and night10The server is designed to store large amounts of data.课文语法填空Because of her co

40、ntribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the peoples Republic of China 1.to receive(receive) a Nobel Prize.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.studied(study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both tradi

41、tional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.for malaria. 4.Inspired(inspire) by an over 1，600yearold text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its

42、5.effective(effect) part.She finally succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.However, the trials on patients were likely to 7.be postponed(postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.safety(safe), Tu and her tea

43、m volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.the extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.which is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.