河北省沙河市二十冶综合学校高中分校高中英语人教版选修8《UNIT 4 PYGMALION》导学案（2） WORD版无答案.doc

1、高二英语导学案 Unit 4 Pygmalion 2015-4-11一 课前自主导学 （观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会过去分词作状语的用法。）Now once taught by me， shed become an upper class lady. once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party.自我总结以上句子中画线部分均为 作 。句中过去分词的逻辑主语为句子的 she和tha

2、t girl。二 语法精讲 过去分词作状语(一)、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置1过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者；过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。误Seen from the mountain，we found the building is very small.正Seen from the mountain，the building is very small.误Written carelessly，he made a serious mistake in the letter.

3、正Written carelessly，the letter had a serious mistake.2过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Given more time，he can do it better.如果他被给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。Exhausted by the journey，he soon fell asleep.由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡了。(二)、与状语从句的转换1过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或af

4、ter等引导的时间状语从句。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。2作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。United we will stand；divided we will fall.If we are united we will stand；if we are divided we will f

5、all.团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。3作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。4作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.Although we

6、 were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。5作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。6作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in，

7、and (she) was followed by her daughter.吴阿姨走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。(三)、连词过去分词分词作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when，while，if，once，unless，although等连词。相当于状语从句的省略。If merely drawn on your imagination，the report will not be convincing.假若仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。Once (it is) seen，it will not be forgotten.只要看见就不会忘记。【提示】bef

8、ore，after一般不与过去分词连用，因为这两个词还可作介词，后要接being done的形式。(四)、分词的独立结构1分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。如果逻辑主语和动词是被动关系，就要用过去分词；如果是主动关系，则用现在分词。The project finished，they had a two weeks leave.完成那个计划后，他们休两周假。Weather permitting，we will go out for a picni

9、c.天气允许的话，我们要出去野餐。2独立结构有时也可以用“with/without名词(或代词的宾格)分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。其中with/without可以省略。They sat there silently，(with) their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。3有一些表达方式是固定的，其分词短语的主语可以与主句的主语不一致。Compared to his work，youll find hers is much better.要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。Judging from previous experienc

10、e，he will be late.根据以往的经验来看，他得迟到。Considering hes only just started，he knows quite a lot about it.考虑到他只是刚刚开始，他对它的了解已经不少了。(五)、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。1现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，表示已完成动作，表示主动就用完成式having done，表示被动

11、则用having been done。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街向前走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。Having finished their work，they had a rest.完成工作后，他们就休息了。2过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多

12、关心一些，它们就会长得更好了。Given more time，she could do it better.如果给她再多一些时间，她会做得更好。三 课后检测.单项填空1(2013周口高二检测)Only according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.AtakingBtaken Cbeing taken Dhaving been taken2When about what she thought of the movie，she just said it was worth seeing a second time.

13、Aasked Basking Cbeing asked Dto be asked3(2013北京西城区上学期期末)No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless very young.Ahaving trained Btrained Cto be trained Dbeing trained4(2013潍坊三县市联考) a lift on her way，Jenny finally managed to get to the station in time.AOffered BOffer COffering DT

14、o offer5Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss，not the workers.They just carried out the order .Aas told Bas are told Cas telling Das they told6 for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.ABlaming BBlamed CTo blame DTo be blamed7 by lots of wild flowers，th

15、e farm house looks more attractive.AHaving been surrounded BSurrounded CHaving surrounded DBeing surrounded8 to these viruses without any protection is very dangerous.AExposing BExposed CTo expose DBeing exposed9The lady was of her handbag while walking down the street.Aconvinced Brobbed Ccharged Da

16、ccused10(2013山东高考) I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start.AWhatever BWhenever CWhoever DHowever.完成句子1若给予更多的时间，我本可以做得更好。 more time，I could it better.2从山顶看，这座城市显得更美。 on top of the mountain，the city looks more beautiful.3得到了一次再试的机会，那个激动的男孩高兴得跳了起来。 another chance，the boy jumped w

17、ith joy.4从这个角度考虑，那部少儿片很值得一看。This factor into consideration，the film for children is well worth seeing.5老师走出教室，后面跟着一群学生。The teacher walked out of the classroom， a group of children.6由于在地下埋得太深，枯死的森林腐烂而变成了煤。 down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal.7多次警告她不要玩电脑游戏，她就是不听。Though many times not to play with computer games，she listen.8受到了极大的鼓舞，那些疲惫的运动员尽全力赢得了比赛。Greatly ， the players tried to win the match.9我们的村子坐落在一个群山环绕的峡谷中，很少有污染。Our village lies in a valley by mountains，seldom .10从太空望去，地球是个被水覆盖的球体。 space，the earth is a water covered globe.