2021年高考英语热点题型训练 热点02 书面表达概要写作（含解析）.doc

1、热点02 书面表达概要写作【命题趋势】提供一篇350以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。考查要求：对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；上下文的连贯性；对各要点表达的独立性情况。【满分技巧】如何确保要点齐全？【诀窍】划分段落【不以自然段为单位】段落数=要点数说明文的段落划分1.描述某事物的性质功用等:性质/定义功用/功能应用/利好2.针对某问题提出解决办法或措施:问题成因解决方法/措施3.介绍某现象及其原因结果:现象原因结果议论文的段落划分三要素：论点、论据和结论：论点论据1论据n结论 记叙文的段落划分人物、情节(who did what) 、时间、地

2、点：夹叙夹议者：+观点/哲理性推论：情节1情节2情节n启示【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2019年浙江省高考真题）话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式难度：建议用时：5分第二节 读后续写(满分25分)67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weve gone to the opposite extre

3、me of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyre building their childrens confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thats insincere, make kids afraid to try new thi

4、ngs or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still, dont go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and, as a result,

5、may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that dese

6、rves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product

7、 that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard

8、 to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it._【写作思路】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构

9、。2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。【参考范文】Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging

10、. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work theyre involved in. (要点四)【名师点评】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他

11、人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。B (2020届江苏南京师大苏州实验学校高三上第一次模拟考)话题：机器人难度：建议用时：5分请认真阅读下面的短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Robots will create double the number of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic Forum(WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the st

12、ructure of Americas workforce that may impact everyone. The report says that 75 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence(AI), robotics and automation. But it also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers and machines.I

13、t is a widely held belief that routine, lowskilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the report shows that many middleclass roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.Meanwhi

14、le, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by WEF expecting a shift away from fulltime work to flexible employment with a focus on productivity.All industries expect big skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will requir

15、e reskilling of some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling.【写作内容】1. 用约30个单词概述短文的主要内容；2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1) 这一现象产生的原因有哪些(不少于两点)；(2) 面对即将到来的“智能时代”你所做的准备。【写作要求】1. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 不必写标题。_【参考范文】【概要】Robots are replac

16、ing human beings but are also creating twice as many jobs as they have destroyed, bringing about great changes in the structure of workforce and requirements for reskilling.【论述】Behind the phenomenon are various reasons. For one thing, great advances in science and technology make it possible for rob

17、ots to be widely employed in many fields. For another, productivity has been greatly increased by using robots, which in turn helps promote the popularity of robots. Meanwhile, the widespread application of robots has generated great changes in the way people work as well as their choices of jobs.Fe

18、eling lucky to live in the intelligent age, Id like to equip myself with relevant knowledge and enjoy the convenience it brings us. Besides, I will try to cultivate creative thinking and the sense of innovation so as to meet the urgent needs of the fast development of science and technology.C (2020届

19、新素养大二轮专题浙京津鲁琼版模拟卷1)话题：手机摄影大赛+收集难度：建议用时：5分第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假如你是李华，获悉中国日报(China Daily) 将举办 “厉害了，我的国”(Amazing China)手机摄影大赛。请写封邮件建议你的美国留学生朋友George参加，邮件内容包括：1作品要求：展示风土人情，附上作品名称；2投稿方式与截止时间：12月30日前发邮件至ac ；3表示愿意提供帮助。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear George，How is everything going？ Yours, Li

20、 Hua第二节 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。While it takes time，energy and money that could surely be put to a much more productive use，there are millions of collectors around the world. People collect postcards，chocolate wrappers or whatever they like.Collecting must be one of the most varied human activitie

21、s，and its one that many psychologists find fascinating.Many forms of collecting have been dignified with a technical name：an arctophilist collects teddy bears，a philatelist collects postage stamps and a deltiologist collects postcards.There are people who collect something because they want to make

22、money，and this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting，that is，collecting as a means to an end.They will look for，say，antiques(古董) that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit.But there may well be a psychological factor too：buying cheap and selling dear can keep

23、 the collector a sense of achievement.And as selling online is so easy，more people are joining in.If you think about collecting postage stamps，another potential reason for it is its educational value.Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries and to the plants，animals or famous people shown

24、on the stamps. Similarly，in the nineteenth century many collectors amassed(积累) animals and plants from around the globe and their collections provide a vast amount of information about the natural world.Without those collections，our understanding would be greatly inferior to what it is.Not all colle

25、ctors are interested in learning from their hobby，though，so what we might call a psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control and a sense of fulfillment，perhaps as a way of dealing with insecurity. Stamp collectors，for instance，arrange their stamp albums，usually very neatly

26、，organizing their collections according to certain commonplace principlesperhaps by country in alphabetic order or grouping stamps by what they describepeople，birds，maps and so on.【应用文范文】Dear George，How is everything going? I have some exciting news for you that China Daily will hold a mobile photo

27、contest named “Amazing China”. I know you have a great love for photography, so why not give it a try?The contest welcomes submissions about natural scenery, attractive figures or local customs of China. It will be better if each photo is accompanied with a title. Youd better send your photos to ac

28、and the deadline for entries will be Dec.30th.I believe it is a great opportunity to share your precious experiences with us.If you are interested, Im more than happy to be your helper and offer my advice. I am looking forward to seeing your great works.Yours, Li Hua【概要范文】Collecting wins the hearts

29、of many people despite the time，effort and money they have to invest.To make a fortune is one of the reasons accounting for the habit of collecting，where a sense of accomplishment is also granted.Its academic merits are also obvious because people may have a better comprehension of the world with th

30、e information their collections provide.Actually，people sometimes just enjoy the feeling of domination and collecting serves as a hobby to resist insecurity.D(2020届江苏专用增分冲刺卷1)话题：快餐连锁难度：建议用时：5分请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。As global fast-food chains and coffee shops begin phasing out(逐步淘汰) single-us

31、e plastic straws，McDonalds China introduced a “strawless” lid(盖子) for cold beverages at 10 Beijing restaurants on Nov.1,2018.Like many consumers，Wu Yanmei, a bank clerk in Beijing，had never thought about the impact a simple straw could have on the environment.“Actually，I dont like using straws，but t

32、he cups at fast-food restaurants are all designed for use with a straw，” she said.“I dont think straws are necessary，so the moves are a good way to raise peoples awareness of not using single-use plastic products.”However，Jiang Jianguo，a professor of environmental studies at Tsinghua University，said

33、 he doubts such activities alone can have a major effect on the global pollution problem.“I dont think the move by McDonalds will be a success because previously there were lots of hotels calling for a ban on single-use plastics，but it ended in nothing because businesses compete by trying to make th

34、ings convenient for consumers，” he said.写作内容：1.用约30个单词概括上述材料的主要内容；2.用约120词谈谈你对“快餐连锁店逐步弃用塑料吸管”的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。写作要求：1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【背诵范文】【概要】Fast-food chains like McDonalds have taken action to stop using plastic straws gradually to be environmentally friendly，but as

35、 to whether such a move can have effects on improving the environment，people hold different opinions.【论述】Though plastic straws can afford people great convenience，I think phasing them out in fast-food chains is advisable.First，plastics are a major source of pollution because theyre difficult to degr

36、ade.Therefore，phasing them out is greatly beneficial to the environment，such as reminding people of the urgency to protect the environment.Moreover，without straws，consumers can still have their drinks.So why must we equip each drink with a straw？Why dont we save such resources for other uses？Maybe，s

37、omewhere，the plastics saved can make a big difference to the society.As a senior three student，I hope all the Chinese people will take an active part in the campaign against using plastic straws，which is of great benefit for our living environment.E(2020届浙江省绿色评估联盟高三10月试题)话题：英语竞赛+高科技对学生的影响难度：建议用时：5分第

38、一节 应用文写作假定你是李华，报名参加了“全国中学生英语能力竞赛”(NEPCS)。赛前，为更好地提高写作能力，请给外教Michael写封邮件，请他帮忙修改一篇作文并提出建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays, more and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and opening their laptops. Others may spend an entire study period with

39、a smartphone in hand. Some people argue that the increasing use of technology can have many helpful effects on society. But a recent research suggests that using technology during class time may harm college students ability to remember and process the subject material.Arnold Glass, a professor in R

40、utgers University in New Jersey4, and a student researcher investigated the issue of divided student attention. The study involved 118 Rutgers students who were taking the same level college class. The students were permitted to use any electronic device during half of their daily class periods. Dur

41、ing the other half, no one was allowed to use any technology.The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use of technology. However, the average results of the larger tests and final exam showed that all the students performed poorly when

42、they were permitted to use technology in the classroom. Glass argues that it shows the use of electronic devices in the classroom prevents students from processing information. When the students hear what the professor is saying, they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the

43、same time. And that, Glass says, makes it harder for the information to enter their long term memory. Even though the students know what the professor said at that time, they no longer remember it a week later because they missed the opportunity.However, Lauren Margulieux, an assistant professor at

44、Georgia State University in Atlanta argues that there are times when classroom use of technology is unavoidable. So, he says, educators need to consider that something other than technology is distracting students.In fact, a special software program has been created. Students can use the program, wh

45、ich engages students more with the class material on their personal devices during a given class. It can also be used to observe student activity and prevent them from opening unrelated pages and programs.【背诵范文】第一节 应用文写作Dear Michael,I have signed up for the NEPCS. In preparation for it, I think what

46、 I am in desperate need of is to improve my writing ability. Would you please do me a favor about it?Ive finished an essay, but still find it far from satisfactory. Im not sure of the proper expressions of some English words, which makes the essay lack naturalness. Besides, there may also be some mi

47、stakes in grammar and sentence pattern. So I wonder if you can help me with these problems.I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions. Looking forward to your reply. Yours,Li Hua第二节 概要写作A recent research shows using technology in class may prevent college students remembering and pr

48、ocessing information. （要点一）118 students participated in the research where they used technology during half of class periods. （要点二） The researchers found in the long run the students performances were poor when using technology because they were distracted.（要点三） But another researcher thinks somethi

49、ng else except technology is to blame for distracting students.（要点四）Actually, a special software program has been made to keep students focused. （要点五）（76 words）F(2020届浙江省绿色评估联盟高三10月试题)话题：暑假户外活动难度：建议用时：5分请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。A decade ago, summer vacation for college students was all about o

50、utdoor activities, whether they traveled with their friends or conducted fieldwork. Nowadays, while there are still students who love to go outside, the majority of students prefer to stay indoors.According to a recent survey on Chinese college students summer vacation activities by The Dynasty, alm

51、ost 60 percent of the respondents say that they barely step outside. Waking up naturally, surfing the Internet all day long and ordering some takeout food have become the new norm.The indoor trend among college students has undoubtedly raised some concern. Zhu Haoliang, an associate professor of psy

52、chology at Wenzhou University, warns that students lack of outdoor activities not only affects their physical condition, but also weakens their psychological well-being.“Humans are born to be social. We gain self-esteem and self-respect through social interactions，” he told China Science Daily.“If t

53、hey are spending too much time at home, students may lose interest in life or even suffer from social anxiety, loneliness and depression，” he added.【写作内容】1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.用约120词阐述你对“大学生暑假期间宅在家里”的看法，并用23个理由或论据支撑你的看法。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。【背诵范文】【概要】Nowadays, many col

54、lege students prefer to stay indoors during their summer vacation rather than take part in outdoor activities, which according to a university associate professor, could do harm to their physical and mental health.【论述】I couldnt agree more with the professor. Firstly, staying indoors means there will

55、 be a lack of exercise. As the saying goes, “A sound mind is in a sound body.” That is to say, ones mind and body are closely related. If ones physical health fails, his mind will be very likely to suffer. Secondly, we human beings are creatures that interact greatly with other members in our societ

56、y. With our personal development highly dependent on the overall development of our society, without social interactions, well be cut off from the outside world, fall into loneliness and even suffer from depression.Therefore, as far as I am concerned, college students should go outside rather than s

57、tay at home during their summer vacation.G（2020浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附属中学二上期中）话题：工作难度：建议用时：5分阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude still inf

58、luences America today. Work is not only important for the salary, but also for social and psychological working, being productive. For most Americans, they are what they do. What happens, then, when a person retires at the age of sixty-five or seventy? Its easy to imagine that retirement is no easy

59、thing. Retirees often feel they are unproductive and no longer needed by others. Once people retire, they may also get into financial trouble. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the govern

60、ment. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. After retirement, they have to change their lifestyles. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fue

61、l, and other necessities. Of course, not all senior citizens feel sad when they are in face of retirement. Working for so many years, they eventually have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies such as reading, traveling or joining some senior citizen clubs. Some continue to wor

62、k part time; others choose to do volunteer work like helping young people to get started in new business. American government is taking steps to ease the problems of retired people. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, su

63、ch as free courses, food service, and help with housework. It is wise to do so. Retired citizens are an important part of the population and their special needs must be concerned about. After all, everyone will be a senior citizen someday.【参考范文】Work plays an extremely important role in American cult

64、ure, so people find retirement difficult as they may feel useless without jobs. （要点1）Retirement can also bring financial problems as Social Security checks dont provide enough money. （要点2）However, some senior citizens feel happy about retirement as they finally get time to do what they really want. （要点3）American government is solving retired citizens problems and concerning their special needs, which is wise and necessary, because everyone will get old. （要点4）