（新教材）2020-2021高中人教版英语选择性必修第四册课件：UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS　LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE .ppt

1、Unit 2Iconic AttractionsLearning About Language语法精讲素养提升过去分词【情境探究】观察上面句子,并说出画线部分的作用1.fallen _2.made by nature_过去分词,作前置定语过去分词短语,作后置定语。【要义详析】过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性,有完成或被动含义,可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上,过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似,在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。一、过去分词作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。(1

2、)表示被动和完成a polluted river一条被污染的河流the watered flowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成,不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳【名师点津】过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。*A watched pot never boils.谚语心急锅不开。*The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daught

3、er.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Some of the people _(invite)to the party cant come.(2)The trees _(blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.(3)The police will come soon to take away the _(damage)car.invitedblowndamaged二、过去分词作表语位于系动词(如be,get,become,look,feel,seem等)之后,多表示主语的状态或状况,它所体现的是形容词的特性

4、。*She looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。*We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。【名师点津】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时,强调主语所处的状态,而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。*The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)*The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)【即学活用】语法填空(1)I was too _(tire)to walk any further.(2)When he heard the _(move)story,

5、he was deeply _(move).(3)Tom was more _(surprise)than _(disappoint)at this news.(4)Both he and I are _(satisfy)with the result.tiredmovingmovedsurpriseddisappointedsatisfied三、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系,宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。*Last year they h

6、ad the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语),如see,watch,observe,find,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。*I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。2.表示“致、使”意义的动词,如have,make,get,keep,leave等。*They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple Englis

7、h.他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。*Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。【名师点津】“have+宾语+过去分词”的三种含义(1)表示“让某人做某事”*Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。(2)表示“遭遇某种不幸;受到打击”*He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。(3)做某事(主语可能参与其中)*I had my house repaired last week.上周,我修补了房子。3.表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词,如like,want,wish,order等。*The tea

8、cher doesnt wish such questions(to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。*The police,finding the film unhealthy,ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康,令其禁演。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Youd better have your shoes _(mend).(2)The father wants his daughter _(teach)the piano.(3)I saw an old man _(knock)down by a car.(4)Id like

9、 the job _(do)when I come back from the journey.mendedtaughtknockeddone四、过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或完成的动作,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1.作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个when,while,after,once等引导的时间状语从句。*Once published(=Once it is published),the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。2.作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个as,since,bec

10、ause等引导的原因状语从句。*Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting),John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3.作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时,相当于一个if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。*Given another hour(=If I am given another hour),I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时,我也能把这道题算出来。4.作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时,

11、相当于一个though,although,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team),we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对方的队打败了,但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。5.作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时,可以转换成一个并列句。*The old man got on the bus,supported by a girl(=and he was supported by

12、a girl).在一位姑娘的搀扶下,老人上了公共汽车。【名师点津】过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的连词,如when,though,although,as if,as though,if,unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件、方式等。*If(I am)invited,I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。*Caught,the thief will be punished by the police.

13、(caught的逻辑主语为the thief)小偷如果被抓,就会受到警方的处罚。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化,作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。*Disappointed at the examination results,the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试结果很失望,小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。【即学活用】语法填空(1)_(leave)to himself,the baby began to cry.

14、(2)She accepted the gift,deeply _(move).(3)We went to the cinema,_(fill)with excitement.(4)Once _(pour),water cannot be taken back.Leftmovedfilledpoured课时检测素养达标.单句语法填空1.The bridge was damaged in the flood,_(result)in the train falling into the river.2._(guide)by an artist,the girl made much progress

15、.3._(blame)for her faults,the little girl was in low spirits.4.The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _(satisfy)smile.5.Dont drink _(pollute)water because it can cause diseases.resultingGuidedBlamedsatisfiedpolluted6.Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _(c

16、all).7.When I came in,I found a strange girl _(seat)in the corner.8.Though _(defeat)many times,the man didnt lose heart.9._(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becomea football star.10.No matter how frequently _(perform),the works of Beethoven stillattract people all over

17、 the world.calledseateddefeatedRaisedperformed.用过去分词完成下面的句子1.They became _they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心,以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _.早餐他只喝自家农场出产的新鲜水果汁。3.The young man,_,is determined to start his own firm.这个年轻人厌倦了为别人工作,决心创办自己的公司。so worried thatgrown on h

18、is own farmtired of working for others4.Children,_,are allowed to enter thestadium.孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。5._,the book inspires confidence in students whowish to seek their own answers.这本书写得清晰且深思熟虑,激发了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的信心。6.Claire _an hour before her plane left.克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了行李。when accompanied by their

19、parentsClearly and thoughtfully writtenhad her luggage checked7.When he got to school,_.当他到学校时,他看见门锁着。8.Youd better _.你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。9.The concert _was a success.他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。10.I quickly lowered myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into hiseyes _.我迅速弯下身,低下头,避免直视他的眼睛,这样他就不会感觉受到了挑战。he sa

20、w the door lockedhave/get the dangerous building pulled downgiven by their friendsso he didnt feel challenged【语法主题应用】根据提示使用本单元所学的语法知识翻译下面语段这位年轻的女画家雄心勃勃,她想把她的画陈列(display)在画廊里,但她不知道这些画是否会很受欢迎。在父母的鼓励(encourage)下,她按计划(plan)展出了她的作品。这些画得(paint)很漂亮的作品一经展出,人们就赞不绝口。她和她的父母都对这个结果感到满意(satisfy)。_ The young woman

21、 painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintingsdisplayed in the gallery,but she wondered whether they would be very popular.Encouraged by her parents,she had them shown as planned.Once thebeautifully painted works were on show,the people praised them a lot.Bothshe and her parents were satisfied

22、with the result.课时素养评价课时素养评价五 Unit 2Learning About Language【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.A heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city.It is unwise to have your car _(wash).2.There is nothing _(change)here since I left this town.3._(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive now.washedchangedOrdered4.

23、When _(ask)for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.5.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message _(hide)within the work.6.The audience _(seat)before TV set are listening to his stories with their eyes fixed on him.7._(absorb)in

24、 the research work,he had no time to make any trip.8.The young man became much _(tire)of the work and wanted to quit it.askedhiddenseatedAbsorbedtired9.The children will get _(confuse)if they are asked to learn too much at a time.10.There was a _(puzzle)expression on the girls face.confusedpuzzled.完

25、成句子1.It is said that listening to music makes a person _.据说,当一个人疲劳时,听音乐能够让他感到放松。2.The suggestion _was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。3._,she advises people not to put things in piles.除了文章中已经提到的建议外,她还建议人们不要把东西堆放在一起。4.Jim has retired,but he still remember the happy time _.Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和学生一

26、起度过的快乐时光。feel relaxed when he is tiredmade by the foreign expertBesides the tips already mentioned in the articlespent with his students5.The new apartment _is large enough to accommodate 200 people.几个月前建造的那个新公寓足够大,能容纳二百人。6.I need a new passport so I will have to _.我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。7.English is a

27、 language _.英语是一种被几种不同的文化所共享的语言。8.Ordinary soap,_,can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。built a few months agohave my photographs takenshared by several diverse culturesused correctly9.Earth Day,_,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection

28、.地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。10.It is obvious that the flowers that her friends gave her as a gift will die _.很明显,除非浇水,否则她朋友送给她作为礼物的花就会死。marked on 22 Aprilunless watered【主题阅读】.阅读理解Kangaroos have long been a nuisance to many Australian farmers.Keeping these kinds of animals away from their crops a

29、nd water supplies has become a continuous fight.A traditional way has been a series of the huge screaming(尖叫)from loudspeakers.Researchers have found that kangaroos often become used to these man-made sounds and take little notice of them.Australian farmers could be about to get an unusual new weapo

30、n(武器)to protect their crops from kangaroos.Researchers in Melbourne have found that kangaroos can be frightened away by the loud sound of their own large feet.It appears to be quite a breakthrough.This is the noise these animals make when they feel danger before running away quickly.Using the animal

31、s own alarm system could be what angry farmers have been looking for.Animal rights protectors are happy about this new finding.When people complain that the number of kangaroos has risen quickly,they say that a large number of kangaroos have been killed or injured on Australian roads by cars and tru

32、cks.Also,they dont want several million to be shot dead every year by human beings.Researchers,who are hoping to develop their footstep sound technology,believe it could also be used to lead kangaroos away from busy highways.The protectors are in favor of this solution which can prevent kangaroos fr

33、om being harmed and also please the farmers.【文章大意】本文是说明文。在澳大利亚由于袋鼠数量增长较快,它们经常破坏农民的庄稼。研究者们发明了一种预防和保护的方法,用袋鼠的脚步声驱逐袋鼠。这样既能保护袋鼠不被农民杀害又能解决袋鼠破坏庄稼的问题。1.What problem do kangaroos bring to Australian farmers?A.Breaking into houses.B.Making noises.C.Frightening farmers.D.Destroying crops.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段Kee

34、ping these kinds of animals away from their crops and water supplies has become a continuous fight.以及第二段to protect their crops from kangaroos.等内容可知,在澳大利亚,袋鼠经常破坏农民的庄稼,故选D。2.What is the new way to drive away kangaroos?A.Cutting off water supplies.B.Killing them with guns.C.Using the sound of their own

35、 footstep.D.Sending man-made sound through loudspeakers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段可知研究者发现袋鼠会被自己的脚步声吓跑,因此用这种声音驱逐袋鼠很有效。故选C。3.Why do animal rights protectors agree with this new solution?A.Because it costs less.B.Because they prefer new technology.C.Because its a prevention-and-protection way.D.Because it can

36、help reduce the traffic accidents.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后可知用袋鼠的脚步声驱逐袋鼠既能保护袋鼠不被农民杀害又能解决袋鼠破坏庄稼的问题,让农民们高兴。这是一种预防和保护的方法,故选C。.完形填空A couple of months ago,I was texting a friend in Australia during their widespread bushfires,begging her to come back to New York.“Its just not1”I said.“You cant even breathe!”She

37、 simply replied,“No.I need to bear witness(见证),”2the way her government poorly handled the problem,ignoring scientists 3about global warming.Her need to“see”was 4in her deep love for her people and country.Now here I am,5my own city on“fire”.A fire that should have taken no one by surprise.This isnt

38、 just about Breonna Taylor,Ahmaud Arbery,George Floyd or any black citizen.This is about a 6that exists within this country that makes our lives seemingly less valuable to the people in power who 7most times,to be white.In all this good trouble,we cant keep looking away.We cant keep8.If we dont bear

39、 witness to these moments of unfairness,they have the chance to 9themselves.If were afraid and confused,thats 10,because we are only human.But on the other side of fear is 11.On the other side of 12is knowledge and power.Maybe we are unsure what to do or really what we can do in this moment 13there

40、are so many confusing suggestions.But the only thing we 14have to do is keep being our unique selves.Im Black.My father,mother,brother,and everyone in between are Black.I15being Black.Friends and family from all over have asked me to leave.And I say no.I,too,need to bear witness.【文章大意】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述澳

41、大利亚大火时,朋友不愿意离开去外国,要见证政府的失职,谈到自己也处于相同的境地,对于政府的不公平对待,我们应该有所作为,真正做些什么,特别是要保持独特的自我。1.A.harmfulB.importantC.safeD.beautiful【解析】选C。根据下文“You cant even breathe!”可知,那里不安全。故选C。2.A.referring toB.cheering upC.defending againstD.carrying on【解析】选A。根据空后的the way her government poorly handled the problem可推断,朋友提到了政府处

42、理问题的方式很差。故选A。3.A.limitsB.warningsC.mannersD.wishes【解析】选B。科学家就全球变暖给出警告。故选B。4.A.absorbedB.filledC.rootedD.buried【解析】选C。根据 her deep love for her people and country.可知,朋友想要见证事实,是因为她对于国家和人民的爱。be rooted in“根植于”,符合语境。故选C。5.A.settingB.puttingC.makingD.watching【解析】选D。根据上文“Now here I am”可知,我现在和朋友的处境一样,也是看着自己的

43、城市在“火”上。故选D。6.A.supportB.statementC.scheduleD.system【解析】选D。根据下文that exists within this country that makes our lives seemingly less valuable to the people in power可知,这是一种国家体系。故选D。7.A.happenB.promiseC.manageD.intend【解析】选A。根据下文most times,to be white可知,大多数时候碰巧是白人的当权者。故选A。8.A.aliveB.balancedC.silentD.bor

44、ed【解析】选C。根据上文we cant keep looking away.可知,我们不能视而不见,不能保持沉默。故选C。9.A.hurtB.repeatC.beatD.win【解析】选B。根据条件状语从句推断,如果我们不举证这些不公平时刻,他们就有机会再次复制,“重复自己”表示再次做出这样的事情。故选B。10.A.unbelievableB.enjoyableC.reliableD.understandable【解析】选D。根据下文because we are only human可知,因为我们只是人,因此我们害怕和困惑是可理解的。故选D。11.A.interestB.braveryC.l

45、uckD.sadness【解析】选B。根据常识可知,恐惧与勇敢相对。故选B。12.A.confusionB.foolC.lossD.news【解析】选A。上文提到了fear,与afraid同义,因此推断此处阐述confusion“困惑”。故选A。13.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】选A。在这个有这么多令人困惑的建议的时刻,也许我们不确定该做什么或我们能做什么,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是this moment,从句中作时间状语,引导定语从句用关系副词when。故选A。14.A.nearlyB.gentlyC.hardlyD.truly【解析】选D。根据下文keep

46、being our unique selves可推断,这是我们真正必须做的事情。故选D。15.A.regretB.avoidC.loveD.try【解析】选C。根据下文Friends and family from all over have asked me to leave.And I say no.可推断,作者对于自己是黑人的身份认同。故选C。.语法填空One of the most recognizable 1._(building)in the world,the Sydney Opera House,2._(have)a very interesting history.It al

47、l started in the 1940s,when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra had nowhere to play.The orchestras conductor,Eugene Goossens,asked the Australian government to think about building a place and the government 3._(final)agreed to build an opera house in 1954.The government held 4._ international competition

48、 to find a design for the opera house.Many of the 233 designers from around the world 5._ entered the competition were famous,but the design of an unknown Danish architect 6._(name)Jorn Utzon was chosen as the winner.Utzon travelled to Sydney 7._(show)his model of the opera house to the government,8

49、._then returned to Denmark to draw up building plans with an engineering company.While 9._(draw)up the plans,Utzon remembered the temples he had seen in Mexico in 1949 and used them 10._ his inspiration for the base of the opera house in Sydney.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了悉尼歌剧院一段非常有趣的历史。建造歌剧院时政府举办了一场为歌剧院寻找设计

50、方案的国际比赛,但一位不知名的丹麦建筑师Jorn Utzon的设计却获得了冠军。Utzon到悉尼向政府展示了他的歌剧院模型,然后回到丹麦与一家工程公司拟定建筑计划。1.【解析】buildings。考查名词复数。此处recognizable“可认识的”是形容词,修饰名词,再根据one of+名词复数,所以该空填buildings。2.【解析】has。考查时态和主谓一致。这里在说一个客观事实,所以句子用一般现在时,且句子主语是One of the most recognizable buildings in the world,单数第三人称,故填has。3.【解析】finally。考查副词。此处a

51、greed是动词,由副词修饰,故填finally。4.【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处表示“一场国际比赛”,用不定冠词,且international是读音以元音音素开头的词,故填an。5.【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处designers是先行词,指人,分析句子,把designers放在后面的定语从句中,作主语,故填who/that。6.【解析】named。考查过去分词作后置定语。句中architect和name之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语,故填named。7.【解析】to show。考查动词不定式作目的状语。此处动词不定式作目的状语,故填to show。8.【解析】and。考查并列连词。此处是并列谓语,故填and。9.【解析】drawing。考查状语从句的省略。本句为状语从句的省略,还原后为:while Utzon was drawing,因主句主语和从句主语相同,且从句有be动词,所以主语和be动词被省略。故填drawing。10.【解析】as。考查介词。固定搭配:use.as.“把当作”。此处是“把它们当做灵感”,故填as。