英语词性详细讲解(46PPT).ppt
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- 英语 词性 详细 讲解 46 PPT
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1、英语词性名词的概念名词可以分为名词可以分为专有名词专有名词和和普通名词普通名词.专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如BeijingBeijing,China,the United States,China,the United States,等。等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:bookbook,sadnesssadness等。等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名词又可分为下面四类:普通名词又可分为下面四类:11)个体名
2、词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun gun 22)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family:family (以上两类属于可数名词以上两类属于可数名词)33)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air:air 44)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念,念,如:如:work work (以上两类属于不可数名词以上两类属于不可数名词)名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或
3、元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos;b.加es,如:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b.去f,fe 加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knives
4、leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;名词复数的不规则变化11)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-womenmice man-men woman-women22)单复同形如:)单复同形如:deerdeer,sheepsheep,fishfish,ChineseChinese,Japanese Japanese 33)集体名词,以单数形式出现
5、,但实为复数。)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:如:people police cattle people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说等本身就是复数,不能说 a a peoplepeople,a policea police,a cattlea cattle,但可以说,但可以说a persona person,a a policemanpoliceman,a head of cattle,the Englisha head of cattle,the English,the Britishthe British,the the FrenchFrench,the
6、 Chinesethe Chinese,the Japanesethe Japanese,the Swiss the Swiss 等名词,等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。表示国民总称时,作复数用。44)以)以ss结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:mathsmaths,politicspolitics,physicsphysics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。单数。news news 是不可数名词。是不可数名词。根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I oft
7、en go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the.(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of.(glass)5.Please give them their.(photo)6.Are there anyin the box?(watch)7.There are twelvein a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at thosein the boats!(people)10.Look!Theare singing.(woman)11.September 10th
8、 isDay.(teacher)12.Jim has some.(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys代词 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的
9、代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、一、人称代词是表示是表示“我我”、“你你”、“他他”、“她她”、“它它”、“我们我们”、“你们你们”、“他们他们”的词。人称代词有的词。人称代词有人人称、数和格的变化称、数和格的变化通常,主格作主语通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语宾格作宾语通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg.Eg.HeHe is my friend.is my friend
10、.Its Its meme.They are from China.They are from China.She lent me a book.She lent me a book.I love it.I love it.Are you interested in them?Are you interested in them?二、二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词形容性物主代词和和名词性物主名词性物主代词代词二种,其人物和数的变化二种,其人物和数的变化见下表见下表,通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的
11、用法,应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。Eg.I like his car.Our school is here and theirs is there.This is your picture.And that is mine.三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。Eg.That is a good idea.I love those book in blue.These people are my friends.四四、自自身身代代词词,也也称称为为反反身身代代词词表表示示我我自自己己、你你自自己己、他他自自己己、我我们们自自己
12、己、你你们们自自己己和和他他们们自自己己等等的的代代词词。反身代词的用法1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末):The box itself is not so heavy.You said it yourself.2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Take good care of yourself.3.用作表语The poor boy was myself.五、五、表示相互关系的代词叫表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词相互代词,有,有each other each other 和和one anotherone another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区两组,但在运
13、用中,这两组词没什么区别。别。We should love each other.Tom and Betty are friends,so they always help each other.Our students learn one another.eg.I want something hot.Do you need some coffee?There is nothing good.All of you are students.六、六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定不定代词代词。常见的不定代词有。常见的不定代词有a11a11,bothbo
14、th,eacheach,everyevery等,以及含有等,以及含有some-some-,any-any-,every-every-,no-no-加上加上bodybody,oneone,thingthing的合成代词,如的合成代词,如anybodyanybody,something something,no oneno one。这些不定代。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语宾语、表语和定语七、七、疑问代词疑问代词有有whowho,whomwhom,whosewhose,whatwhat和和whichwhich等。在句子
15、中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作都可用作连接代词连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)语从句和表语从句)What are you?Who is his coat?Whose bag is this?Which do you prefer?The blue one or the white one?Could you tell me what is his name?Mother asked which one I wanted.八、八、关系代词关系代词有有whowho,whomwhom,whosewh
16、ose,thatthat,whichwhich,asas等,可用作等,可用作引导引导定语定语从句从句的关联词。它们的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。或代词(通称为先行词)。He is the man He is the man whomwhom you have been looking for.you have been looking for.I hope I can find a job I hope
17、I can find a job thatthat I can devote myself to.I can devote myself to.This is the book whose covering is old.This is the book whose covering is old.That is the same food as you want.That is the same food as you want.1.He shouted louder to the runners,but he still couldnt 1.He shouted louder to the
18、 runners,but he still couldnt make _ heard.make _ heard.A.him B.himself C.them D.themselves A.him B.himself C.them D.themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river.2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river.A.every B.both C.either D.all A.every B.both C.either D.all 3.Sh
19、e has three good friends.One is a doctor;_ are 3.She has three good friends.One is a doctor;_ are teachers of Chinese.teachers of Chinese.A.another B.the other two C.other D.others A.another B.the other two C.other D.others 4.Before handing in your compositions,please correct the 4.Before handing in
20、 your compositions,please correct the mistakes in each line if_.mistakes in each line if_.A.so B.no C.any D.some A.so B.no C.any D.some ExercisesBBBC1._(1._(我我)am a worker._()am a worker._(你你)are a doctor.)are a doctor._(_(她她)is a teacher.)is a teacher.2.This is_(2.This is_(他的他的)shirt.)shirt.3.This
21、is _(3.This is _(我的我的)pen.)pen.4._(4._(他们的他们的)trousers are there.)trousers are there.5.I like this picture.Please give _(5.I like this picture.Please give _(它它)to_()to_(我我).).6.People get _(6.People get _(他们的他们的)money from_)money from_(我我).).7._(7._(他们他们)are new students._()are new students._(他们的他们的
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