英语：高考英语写作方法与技巧.ppt

1、vv NMET英语写作方法与技巧v-Scoring High in NMET 2011 Writingvv NMET2009书面表达v 假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。v 要点：v 时间：下周六上午8：00至11：00v 内容：采摘苹果v 报名：办公室，下周四下午5：00前v 提示：带帽子、手套v 欢迎踊跃参加NMET2009书面表达vOur Dear Residents,vIn order to enrich the life of the residents,the committee of our commu

2、nity has arranged a special activity for next weekend.vWe plan to go to a farm to pick apples from 8 to 11 next Saturday morning.All the residents in the vcommunity can join.Those interested in the activity have tosign up in the office before 5 next Thursday.In addition,while working there,youd bett

3、er wear a hat and gloves to protect your face from being exposed to the strong sunlight and your hands(from being)hurt.vWelcome to take an active part in the activity.vWish you a wonderful time!vvThe committee of thecommunityvOur Dear Residents,vIn order to enrich the life of the residents,our commu

4、nity committee has arranged a special activity for next weekend:well go to a farm to pick apples.vThe activity will start next Saturday morning and will last three hours.The signing-up in the office will be ending before 5 next Thursday.One more thing,if you have decided to go with us,vbe sure to ta

5、ke hats and gloves with vyou,as they are necessary to usewhile you are working.vWe really expect all the residents in the community will join us and have fun.vvThe committee of the communityvv（106words)Rewriting skills(写作有道）v1.重视5 wh-questions:vwho what when where why 2.Resupply writing skill(追述技巧）3

6、.Subjects(无生命的物作主语)4.名词修饰名词 5.借助标点 6.首尾相顾的写作方式 7.避免冗言与拖泥带水v 文的形态:三段式,首尾相顾;开门见山,直入主题;10句:v 文章开头与结尾:v i.主题句 开始就点明全文主题:v We all want to grow up happily,and for this goal we must do several things.v ii.时空法 以介绍某事件发生的时间和地点作为文章开头v 文章结尾:v i.总结式 把全文提出的主要观点进行概括和总结:v ii.重复文章开头提出的主题,以达到前后呼应的效果:v iii.提出期望,或对未来展望

7、:v If we do those things well,we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.v Saturday,May 6 cloudyv Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday,and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.v Early in the morning,we set out.Li Ming was carryin

8、g a compass and a tent in his backpack,and in mine there was a flashlight,a map,a knife,a first-aid kit,some matches,candles,food,and clothing.On the way to the campsite,we climbed a hill,and then we swam across a river,pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river.As we g

9、ot into a forest,we lost our way.vLuckily,we found the right directionvwith the compass.By the time we arrived at the campsite,it had already been dark.Li Ming then put up the tent,and I made a fire and started cooking.The two of us spent the night in the forest.v We learned to use knowledge gained

10、in classroom training to solve problems.It was quite an experience for us both,which Ill never forget for the rest of my life.v句的形态v E1(过渡性词语），E2(主语Subject的多样性),E3(修饰性词语),E4(精彩动词 谓语部分),E5(补述或追述).v 认识英语写作的基本特点v语序与信息：人们通过语言传递的信息是一个片断一个片断进行的。一个信息片断可以是一个句子，信息片断传递的信息可粗略地分为已知信息和新信息。一个信息片断最显著的部分有二：一是传递信息的起

11、点，即处于句首的主位，另一个是新信息中最重要的部分，即信息中心。主位通常传递已知信息，信息中心位于句尾传递新信息。v从信息分布的情况说，英语句中最重要的信息一般出现在末端，称为末端中心；从结构分布上看，英语句中结构形式较长，较复杂的成分一般也向后推移，这种结构配置称为句尾重心。这两条原则是决定英语结构次序的重要依据。v 句尾重心-补述的写作手法v补述技巧是高考英语写作最重要的技巧之一。补述分并列补述和后位补述两种。补述的特点是既可以使语言连贯,又可以收到简练、生动的效果,有时又能适时地表现当事人内心的思想活动,常用于事实表述后的情感感受,引发的感想或对事实细节补充的场合,一般会收到好的效果。v

12、 E5 补述或追述：v 1.He paused for a moment,wondering whether to turn v back as the captain urged him.v 2.Upon arrival,my uncle hugged Pompy,and tried to v give him courage.v 3.Tom is very tired,and really he should go to bed.v 4.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out o

13、f the park on the other side of the street.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed，heading west.v 5.On the other side,where the playground used to be，vnow stands another new building-our library.v 6Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact,v its only one stop.v E4 精彩动词 谓语部分：v 1.W

14、ith the development of Internet,more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Years time.v 2.Aside from water pollution,we are suffering from air pollution and soil pollution as well.v 3.This brings out the important fact that we Chinese young people are really fond

15、 of public affairs.v 4They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will v result in traffic jams.v 5There is sure to be a lot of fun.v 6To think“想不到;居然;想想看”vTo think that in just a few weeks I will be a college v student(,and stay in a bright college room with)!v 7要是你那天在这里该有多好。vIf only you would be

16、here on the day!v E1 过渡性词语：v 1.By the time we arrived at the campsite,it had v already been dark.v 2.I think the school should encourage the v students to do more exercise after class.vThis way,they may be healthier and more energetic.v 3.The time passed quickly.Before we knew it,we had to say goodb

17、ye to the workers.v 4.With Tom staying together with us,we all felt relaxed and at ease.v 5.As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.vv 6.In my opinion,it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools,we students should be honest and try to g

18、et good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.v 7.Whats more,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.v 8.In addition,it often takes quite a few hours off,and they cannot afford the time.v 9.Personally,I agree with the former.In fact,I often g

19、o online at the weekends and have fun.But I dont think sticking to the internet for too long will be good.v 10.The more modernized life we are living,the more civilized we should be.v后位补述:1.He bathed and had dinner,giving everyone the impression that there was no danger at all.2.He paused for a mome

20、nt,wondering whether to turn back as the captain urged him.3.Upon arrival,my uncle hugged Pompy,and tried to give him courage.v 4.The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed,heading west.表达法:drive off heading west 高速向西开去5.On the other side,where the playground used to be，now stands another new b

21、uilding-our library.该句含一个由where引导的非限定性的定语从句,在此处插入,令人感到自然、得体,其中还使用了表达法used to be,准确、地道。该句的后半部由一个倒装句组成,在对主语作进一步说明时,使用了破折号,语言既利落,结构又紧凑。了解NMET书面表达的答题要求v按5个档次给分,写一篇100个单词左右的书面材料。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等。书面表达的要求是:1.覆盖所有的语言要点。内容要点可用不同方v式表达。对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。2.应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得v意的是 语法结构或词汇方面虽

22、有些许错误,v但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;v具有较强的语言运用能力。v 点评:此点极为重要,现举实例如下,部分为核心部分:v My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.v 该句使用with结构,其结构为with+宾语+宾语补足语。该结构的情景描述功能十分突出。此外,behind一词用作seat定语的用法也十分轻巧。There is sure to be a lot of fun.在There is句式中加入be sure to等表达是十分有用的写作技巧,又如:There happened to be.There

23、 seems to be.v 3.上下文的连贯性,即有效地使用语句间的连接v成分,全文结构紧凑。4.语言的得体性v 5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方v面,对交际程度有一定的影响,应予以考v虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一v个档次。建议：在听力结束后，建议用2-3分钟提前了解书面表达情景作文的命题，以便从容构思v NMET2009 v假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrsv Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson写一留言条，内容包括：v 1外出购物v 2替房东还书v 3Tracy来电话留言：1)

24、咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消v2)此事已告知Susan v 3)尽快回电v Mrs Wilson,v Im going out shopping,and wont be backuntil about 5:00 pm.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.At about 1 oclock this afternoon,Tracy called,saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow

25、morning as she has something important to attend to.She felt very sorry about that,but said that you could set some other time for the meeting.She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.She has already told Susan about this change.vLi HuavNMET2008v假定你是李华，从小喜欢大熊猫(panda)，一直通过有关网站(websites

26、)关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和他的母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信：v内容要点v1.自我介绍 2.信息来源 3.祝贺生日 4.感谢照顾5.索取照片 6.合适的结尾v Dear Sir/Madam,v Greetings from China!v Im Li Hua,a student in Sichuan.Ive been a panda lover since I was a child.About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to

27、her daughter Sulin and Ive been watching her grow on your website.Now shes going to be there.Id like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work,because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.v By the way,could I have a photo

28、of Sulin taken on her third birthday?Thank you very much in advance.v Yours truly,v Li HuavNMET2007v假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter。找一位英语笔友，请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：v 1年龄；v 2性别；v 3爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。v Dear Peter。vI am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favorv I want to have a pen friend，

29、hopefully a girl in her early twenties，and with interests similar to mineIn my mind,she is someone who is interested in traveling，swimming，and playing table tennisBesides，it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some timeWith such a pen friend，I hope I can share wi

30、th her our experiences in traveling，taking care of pets，or whatever we have in commonAnd I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her countryvI look forward to hearing from you soonvBest regards，vLi Huav NMET v 大学生活即将开始，你将面对新的学习和生活环境，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你打算如何安排你的大学生活。内容要点应包括：v

31、。确定新的学习目标v。改进学习方法v。学会独立生活v。参加各种课外活动v。处理好与同学的关系v I will go to college in the near future.After I enter college,I plan to set new goals in my study and improve my way of learning.Whats more,as I am away from my parents,it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own,such as doing some washing and cl

32、eaning by myself.In my spare time,I will take part in different kinds of school activities,for example,I will often go to the English Corner to practice my spoken English.In addition,I need to get along well with my classmates and teachers at college.I think I will have a wonderful life.v NMET Beiji

33、ngv 国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平，友爱”夏令营活动，要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。v 姓名：王珊 性别：女v 年龄：16岁 学校：北京阳光中学v 其他：爱好音乐，摄影；善于与人交流，乐于助人；热爱自然，热爱和平v 参加夏令营的目的：结交朋友，了解外国文化v Im Wang Shan,a girl of sixteen,presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School.I like music,especially classical music.Im also interes

34、ted in photography because it allows me to record the beautiful moments in my life.Through my hobbies,Ive made many friends.In fact,I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them.Believing we all need help from each other,I appreciate friends help,and Im willing to help anyone in need.I love

35、life;I lover Mother Nature;and I love peace.I hate any form of violence.v I would like to join the Peace&Friendship Summer Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their culture.v NMET Writing(Sample)v 你校高三学生举行了一场有关高三学生在高三复

36、习期间上网是否合适的讨论。讨论的题目是：Is it wise for Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busyv preparing for the College Entrance Examination?请你根据下面提示写一篇短文，v 介绍讨论的情况。v 一些同学认为:v(1)应当上网。上网可以获取有用的信息,好处很多。v(2)上网可以调节身心。v 另一些同学认为:v(1)时间紧,不应上网浪费时间。v(2)上网对高三复习帮助有限。v 你赞成上网,但认为应有度。v Senior 3 students in our school hav

37、e different views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination.v One possible version:v Senior 3 students in our school have different views on whether Senior 3 students to surf the Internet while busy preparing for the College Entrance

38、Examination.v Some think that Senior 3 students,though busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination,can benefit by surfing the Internet.They insist that surfing the Internet is a good way to gain the information needed,v and what is better still,surfing the Internet can help them relax and en

39、joy life,which is especially important for a student of Senior 3.But some others hold an opposite opinion.They argue that the surfing of the Internet is not really necessary,since the College Entrance Examination is drawing near.In addition,it often takes quite a few hours off,and they cannot afford

40、 the time.vPersonally,I agree with the former.In fact,I often go online at the weekends and have fun.But I dont think sticking to the internet for too long will be good.v 注意语言评价能力的培养与运用考生在完成NMET书面表达的过程时,应当有一整套那怕是初步的写作微技能的有效支持。其中最重要的是能够依靠良好的语言评价能力的有效支持。语言评价能力也称编校能力,是指考生写作时,同时评价自己的能力。评价大致包括(1)审题、审图是否准

41、确;写作要点是否v完整(2)布局谋篇是否合理;文章层次是否清晰(3)句式是否丰富;组句是否正确(4)行文是否连贯;细节是否严谨(5)表达是否清楚;措辞是否得体v解读NMET书面表达高频考点v 1.都具备Who(主体),What(内容),Where(地点),v When(时间),Why(原因)构成NMET书面表达v内容的5大要素。2.不论通知类、情况介绍类还是情景描述类命v题,题材均为考生所熟悉。3.都具备6个左右的描述要点。4.都要求行文的连贯与流畅,由此带来的是作v状语用的副词(尤其是时间副词)、副词短语v或副词从句提至句首。v II.要有连贯性要素1.并列连词代替从属连词的特点是让读者自己

42、去补充所连接的两部分间的逻辑联系,根据两部分的思想内容去推论,从而达到思想表达生动、有力和鲜明的修辞效果。We were leaving the farm,and every farm worker seemed sorry.It is true he is young,but/and yet he is really good at go.It is true.but.=It is true.and yet.=Indeed.but =Indeed.and yetv (的确.,然而.)v 2.并列句的修辞作用在于它把两个或几个平行或对立的相关的思想联系在一起,构成一比较完整的思想,因而它比两个

43、或几个孤立的简单句的思想内容要丰富得多,逻辑关系要清楚得多。恰如其份地使用连词and容易收到流畅的效果。连词and可以交代连接的 双方的相互关系,如并列关系、先后关系、因果关系等。v(1)and表因果关系 The teacher came,and class began.Tom is very tired,and really he should go to bed.vv(2)连词and表先后关系 Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.v and连接的双方为met和went,既交代了两个动作

44、的先后顺序,又避免了不必要的赘述。v 3.两个以上的简单句合并成一个并列句 Tom is ill.He cannot study.He still attends school.v Tom is ill and cannot study,yet he still attends school.He saw the boy in the street.He stopped to speak to him.He gave him a penny.Seeing the boy in the street,he stopped to speak to him and gave him a penny.

45、vIII.汉语中的逗号与在英语中的作用并非一致英语中句与句之间的联系绝不依靠逗号,而是借助连接词。缺少连接词,句与句之间也就不存在其合理性。老师问了我一个问题,我不会回答。Wrong:The teacher asked me a question,I v couldnt answer it.vRight:The teacher asked me a question,and/but I couldnt answer it.我没出去,而是呆在家里看书。I didnt go out;instead,I stayed home and read.我们捡柴火,他们搭帐篷。We gathered the

46、 wood and they set up the tent.vIV.使用好过渡性词语过渡性词语是把在意义上相连贯的句子联接在一起的链条,指出作者思维活动发展的方向。1.First,Next,Then,Finally.2.thus,therefore,however,in fact,on the contrary,besides,instead of 3.first,second,and,but,for,or 4.whats more,as a result,what is better still,so far as I know(据我所知)例：He is handsome,clever,and what is better still,very diligent.