高考英语任务型写作方法揭秘（87张PPT）.ppt

1、Task-based writing任务型写作题型分值:共25分=概要5分+正文20分;单词数量:(概要)30左右+(正文)120左右=150左右;命题启示:关注身边的事情,关注与你们生活密切相关的话题;写作技巧:夹叙夹议为主;题材,文体分析:请看下表Introduction:styles of passage1argumentation议论文2exposition说明文3narration记叙文第一部分：How to summarize a narrationSkill:要素串联法WhatWhoWhenWherewhyhow例1:I once met a middle-aged _(stra

2、nge)who said his money _(steal)at the railway station，so he had no money to go home.He begged _ help from passers-by路人，but they all pretended(假装)not to have heard _ he was saying and went by quickly.Then he stopped me and wanted me to give him the help.At first I could not accept that _ I didnt thin

3、k he was telling_ truth.But when I saw _(tear)in his eyes，I began to believe that he might be in the real trouble，so，just immediately I gave him all the money I had.When he took the money，his face turned red._ he left，he expressed his great thanks and _ said he would give back my money when he reach

4、ed home.strangerhad been stolenforwhatbecausethetearsBeforealso/even When I came back to school and told my class-mates _ my story，they held different opinions.Some of them thought that I did a good deed to have given a hand to the person in trouble,while_ said that I was cheated.Some _ laughed at m

5、e and called me a fool who could not judge things _ the right way.Now，I am really _(confuse)！aboutotherseveninconfused写作内容1.请用30个词概括短文的要点；2.然后用约120个词就陌生人可不可信的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：（1）叙述你给予陌生人帮助或者拒绝帮助陌生人的一次真实或者虚构的经历;（2）说明你的理由。写作要求1.可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点,也可参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.标题自定。Skill:Combine the eleme

6、nts(clue).whowherewhenwhatwhyI,即the author(第三人称)1.How to summarize a narrating story?howresultgave all his money to a strangertears in his eyeshis classmates held different opinions about his deed.feel confused=helpless第一段第二段1.The frameworkParagraph 1.the writer gave all his money to a helpless stra

7、nger.Paragraph 2.his classmates held different opinions about his deed,so he felt confused.记叙文的摘要开头语:The writer/author states that.In the passage,the writer says that.The writer/author tells us about.The story/passage is aboutThe story mainly tells us thatIts reported that.As is reported in the pass

8、age,.开篇的时态，一般都是一般现在时，之后再回归到原文的时态。In the story,the writer mainly states thathe(once)gave all his money to a pennilessand helpless stranger.But his classmatesheld different opinions about his deed,so hefelt confused.(31words)举例型叙事类文章的写作模板：1.Summary(概要)(要独为一段)2.Body(正文)(一般1-2段)1)A transitional sentence

9、(过渡句引出例子)2)An example and so on (举一个相同主题的例子,再按题目要求谈感受或发表看法等)3.Ending(结尾点题)(可独为一段)1).I also have a similar experience that occurred to myself/my friend.(发生)2).Reading this story brings back my memory(唤起我对.的回忆)about 4).This story/accident等 reminds me of what happened.使我想起.5).I also went through such a

10、n/a similarexperience.6).I can think of no better illustration(图解，说明，例证)than my(friends)experience.通过过渡句引出例子(固定句型):以下是body writingHelp or Not？(标题的书写规范?)This story reminds me of another story that happened to me.One late evening,Father was driving me home after the national holiday when a stranger st

11、opped us,requesting a lift(顺风车).Without a second thought,Father agreed.However,during the whole journey back home,I felt somewhat(a little)worried about our safety.过渡句举例子1）介词，连词，冠词不要大写，但5个及上字母的介词首字母要大写；2）标点符号（？或者！）But what surpried us was,a week later,that wereceived a call from the lift-taking stra

12、nger,who expressed his sincere thanks for our help with his timely arrival to take his seriously sick sonto hospital before the situation got much worse.Although it is true that many cases,where people are cheated of their kindness,happen now and then,please remember:people help those who help other

13、s.The next one who falls into trouble and needs help may be youself.举例子结尾点题例2:Hi,I am Mike.I just went through my first year of college.The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me.

14、But at the college I need to know some basic life skills,such as balancing a check-book,laundry,and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school!It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the

15、 college life,I love itgood facilities,helpful instructors,and a good library.The students Union organizes various parties every week.I also go to cinemas and concerts,and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things.I was on dance

16、team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.the six elements of a narrative passage whoWhen/where/WhatHow(process)At first:Then:At last:whyMikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college lifeget hims

17、elf active in things _ first year of college life.At first he _,but aftergetting active in things for one semester,he _ and_.didnt adjust himself welladapted to loved itTry it!本题为2008年广东高考读写任务The passage mainly tells us about Mikes 例3:It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home.I

18、 tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell,but she was fast asleep,so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden,put it against the wall,and began climbing towards the bedroom window.I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said,“I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of t

19、he night.”I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.I immediately regretted answering in the way I did,but I said,“I enjoy cleaning windows at night.”“So do I,”answered the policeman in the same tone.“Excuse my interrupting you.I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy workin

20、g,but would you mind coming with me to the station?”“Well,Id prefer to stay here,”I said.“You see,Ive forgotten my key.”“Your what?”he called.“My key,”I shouted.Fortunately,the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me 本文有很多对话内容，怎么概括呢？Summar

21、y(第三人称来表达对话的内容):Returning home very late,the writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell.While climbing towards the bedroom window,he was found and misunderstood by a policeman.Luckily,his shouting woke his wife.(35 words)例 4Everyone has an experience they would rather forget.Some are embarras

22、sing,some are moving,and some teach us a lesson.Here is a story of mine.Last Sunday I went fishing.After setting up my fishing rod（钓鱼竿）with bait（鱼饵）,I sat down on the bank of the lake.But two hours later,I didnt catch any fish.I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff（收拾东西）,preparing to go back

23、 home.Just then,I saw an old man sitting near me.To my surprise,his basket was full of fish,so I went over to him,wanting to know why.“Excuse me,but how long have you sat here?”I asked.“About four hours,”he answered.“Four hours?”I couldnt believe my ears.“Yes.Its very important to be patient,”the ol

24、d man said.“Dont consider fishing a tiring sport.Just enjoy it.”Suddenly,I understood what he said.I must learn to be patient.Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently.I felt a fish touch the bait,but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in（卷收钓鱼线）.At last,I caught it.This mad

25、e me very happy.In the following six hours,I caught over 10 fish.On my way home,I thought what had happened on the bank.I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.最后一段：what to learn(明显的，非hidden的)whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析the writer,an old manon the bank of the la

26、kewas taught a lesson by an old mancaught 10 fishwhen going fishing last SundayPatience is important.Patience is the secret of success.In this passage,the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man.He knew the importance of patience and fina

27、lly got some fish.(33 words）如果给定的阅读材料是一则即夹叙夹议性的故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或道理,(the hidden meaning of the story)。my version for the summary:再比如:This story tells how a teachers word saved an unconfident child and helped him hold on to his dreams.It tells us that teacherswords can ma

28、ke difference to a childs life.(32words)Practice：I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago.It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around.People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes.Later on,unlike other girls,I volunteered to go water-skiing

29、alone,I put on the life jacket,got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.The lake seemed broad and endless,I was so thrilled to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat.Then,after some time,I found myself in the middle of the endless lake

30、.A sudden fear came around me.I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore.What was worse,it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy.I rode everywhere but find my way back.It was useless for me to cry or shout for help.I was so terrified that I began to think about all

31、kinds of horrible things.After floating on the water helpless and hopelessly for a long time,suddenly I heard someone calling my name.Soon,a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt,I couldnt say a word but cried out in my fathers arms.whowhenwherewhatw

32、hyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析“I”two years ago“writer”a trip to a big lake in Indonesiagot lostwent to water-skiing alone,too thrilledfather came to hermy version for the summary:Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went to water-skiing alone.she was too excited and enjoyed herself thatso

33、on she got lost.Fortunately,her father came to rescue her.(35 words)The elements of an argumentation论文结构：1.a strong statement of opinion.论点(the topic sentences)2.support for the opinion.论据.(supporting sentences)3.conclusion/suggestions.结论(the purpose of the passage)第二部分：How to summarize an argumenta

34、tion well?Frame work:A.The topic sentence/key wordsB.The supporting sentence(argument 1)or(argument 2)C.conclusion 例1:Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic the whole day.S

35、o,getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any othe

36、r time of the day.If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have t

37、o do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.1.A strong statement of opinion.(the key idea):Getting up early/a good habit/of great importance 2.Support f

38、or the opinion(supporting sentences)a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day3.Conclusion/suggestions.a good habit/benefit a lotThe passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and

39、 better preparation for the day.议论文摘要后的过渡句型：1).I agree with the statement that.2).I cant agree more with what the writer said/says.3).I do/quite agree with the writers idea/view/opinion(that.).4).Im for(支持)the writers idea(that).5).I dont agree with the writers view.6).Im strongly against(强烈反对)the w

40、riters idea.7).I partly agree with what the writer said.8).What the writer said sounds reasonable，but.9).This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.1).To begin with/first and foremost,.Whats more/Besides/In addition,.Last but not least,.2).For one thing,For another,.Above all,.3).To start wit

41、h,.Besides/moreover/furthermore,.And most importantly,.4）first,second,third,last（不推荐：俗)5）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally(不推荐)陈述赞成或反对的理由：表达自己观点(1)As for me,.(2)In my opinion,.(3)From my point of view,.=From where I stand,=From my personal angle alone(4)As far as Im concerned,.(5)I hold the view/beli

42、ef that.(6)Personally,I argue（坚持认为）that.(7)According to my experience,I argue(强烈认为)that.Students should think now about what extracurricular(课外的)activities theyd like to participate in.Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical,creative,social,political,and career

43、interests by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people you didnt previously know.You can join groups as a way to get support from other students.A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you.Lots of youth programs bring people together with tho

44、se who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people.例2:Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways,too.It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers youre well-rounded and responsible.Specific activities help wit

45、h specific goals.The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall,wandering the hall,or sleeping all afternoon.People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad habits,like smoking or drinking.The frameworkthe benefit of

46、extracurricular activities Para1:develop the physical,creative,social,political,and career interestsPara2:helps you in other waysPara3:pick up less bad habitsSummary:The author(The passage)discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities includingbeing a way to improve students health,widen their

47、 social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people.(30 words)例3:Advertising can be a service to customers.This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised.Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys something.It is

48、useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops.Printed advertisements do this job best.Customers can collect them and compare them.They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops.Some advertisements are not very usefu

49、l to the customers.Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs,they set out to make him want things.They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer,prettier,more handsome,if only we use it.The voice on TV says,“Getaway people use XYZ petrol.”The screen sh

50、ows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend.They drive off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach.Some people may feel that clever,successful people use XYZ petrol.Some might choose that petrol every time they fill up their cars.Summary:Advertisi

51、ng can be useful when it provides customers with reliable information，while some advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they dont need.(31 words)概括技巧:段意合并法,即topic sentences 或 key words(if no topic sentences)上述几篇文章或多或少采用的都是这种方法In recent years,a win

52、d has been blowing in some big cities in the mainland going to the universities in Hk.This year,over 30,000 mainland students who got the highest marks in the entrance exam,including some“zhuangyua”,applied for some 1,300 places in Hong Kong universities,giving up the chances to the top universities

53、 in mainland,such as Tsinghua,Peking and Fudan university.In recent years,a wind has been blowing in some big cities in the mainland going to the universities in HkPara 1例4:They say therere many attractions in HK.First,some universities in Hong Kong are universities ranking in the world before 50.An

54、d some of the teachers are also the professors in some famous foreign universities and even the leaders in their fields,which is an assurance for the teaching.Second,every year,hundreds of talented students are sent abroad to continue further study or practice while in mainland,few students can get

55、the chance.Para 2 They say therere many attractions in HK.The trend also brings some fears it could have a negative impact on the universities here.According to a poll conducted by S among 2,600 people,mainland universities competitive advantages were declining compared to 20 years ago.However,an of

56、ficial from the mainland education ministry believe that the HK universities are not a threat to mainland universities,since they just recruit a few students every year.Para3.The trend also brings some fears it could have a negative impact on the universities herePara1.In recent years,a wind has bee

57、n blowing in some big cities in the mainland going to the universities in HKPara2.They say therere many attractions in HK.Para3.The trend also brings some fears it could have a negative impact on the universities here This passage tells us that many talented high school students choose HK universiti

58、es to further their study.However,this trend also arouses a fear that it may affect the home universities.第三部分：How to summarize an expositionSkill:中心句挖掘法句首/结尾（中心句）句中（main points,reasons etc.）Sometimes when we are at a friends house for an all-weekend DVD marathon or on spring break at Disney World,w

59、ere surprised to find ourselves missing the complete disorders of home.Whats that all about?Believe it or not,were feeling homesick.Homesickness isnt only for kids.Actually everyone feels homesick from time to time,even adults.Teens might get homesick when they leave home for the first extended peri

60、od of time,like during a vacation with a friends family or a summer job in a camp.Going off to college is another common cause.When were homesick,you might feel nostalgic(乡愁的)for familiar things like our family,friends,pets,house,or neighborhood.We can miss something as simple as our bed or the tree

61、 outside your window.Most of the time,once the new surroundings and people become more familiar,feelings of homesickness go away.But if you are feeling overwhelmed(摧垮),its a good idea to seek help from the school or camp counselor.1.找出中心段中心句和支撑句Para1&2 中心句：Believe it or not,were feeling homesick.Hom

62、esickness isnt only for kids.Actually everyone feels homesick from time to time,even adults.Para3支撑句:When were homesick,you might feel nostalgic for familiar things likePara3支撑句:,once the new surroundingfamiliar用自己的话表达中心句/支撑句的意思将要点串联成文，注意30词左右如果是说明性或描述性短文,你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。如：Homesickness is a kind o

63、f feeling that everyone feels sometimes.When we feel homesick,we will miss familiar things,but when are more familiarwith the new environment,we will feel homesick less.现以一则“读写任务”为例来说明如何把握说明性阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图。例2:阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。1)Almost every student has days when they dont feel like goi

64、ng to school.2)It is not unusual for some of them sometimes to pretend to be feeling ill and get their poor parents fooled,who may call the school,asking their kids to be allowed to stay at home for a day or two,but sometimes these students make plans to meet friends or go somewhere alone for the da

65、y.3)Still some other students make a show of going to school as usual,or their parents think they do.4)Then when they are alone on the way they go off to some other places by himself or with a friend.5)Schools call this truancy(旷课,逃避).6)Kids call it wagging school,skiving off(回避,躲开工作),and all sorts

66、of other names.7)What do you call it where you live?8)No matter what you may call it,most students never do it and a lot of schools nowadays have very strict rules to stop truancy in order to keep kids safe and help them to make the most of their chance to learn at school.可以看出阅读材料反映的是逃学现象,但是并没有明显的观点

67、。(1)是说明厌学情绪的普遍性“almost every student”。（2）-（4）是逃学现象的具体体现（5）-（6）指出这一现象学校与学生各有其叫法，（7）-（8）则是要你引起注意，同时表明校方的态度。This article points out the common phenomenon-playing truancy(逃学)among students.It also gives us a picture(描绘)of the forms(形式)truancy takes.Finally,it tells the attitude on the part of the school

68、s(校方).说明文或新闻报道是为读者提供一定的信息或揭示描述某种社会问题的，作者的写作意图往往没有明白地在文章中表达出来，所以我们在概括完原文的要点后，往往要先把作者的写作意图点明后才发表自己的意见。这时，我们可采用以下句式承接下文：1).This passage arouse our awareness of 2).This passage draws our attention to 3).The phenomena mentioned above reflects that 4).The problem talked about above is worth our concerns.J

69、ackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala(考拉)at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern AustraliaAll the koalas there are unhappy and complainingYou would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it offThats right-sleep

70、it offThe average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy例3:09高考真题:The reason Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedlyawoken from their deep sleep is so they can be huggedand photographed by tourists,who make the trips to Featherdale and a

71、n increasing number of other nationalparks for just that special experience.Whatever departmentin the Aussie government in charge of such things is nowmoving to make the practice illegal,which is understandableHow would you react,my friend,if you were trying to sleepoff a dozen times and some round,

72、furry creature smelling ofgrass kept waking you?*考拉即树袋熊写作内容1.以约30个词概括这段短文的内容；2然后以约120个词就“该不该禁止游客和动物拍照”进行议论，内容包括：(1)人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照；(2)假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应；(3)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。写作要求1在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。审题1.所读文章文体：2.概括要点：说明文1).annoyed/unhappy 2).the rea

73、son,take photos3).make the practice illegal Summary:The koalas in Australia are always awoken fromdeep sleep because the tourists want to hug andphotograph them,which makes koalas unhappy(现象).The government is now trying to ban photographingwith animals.正文部分要点:(1)人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照；(2)假如你处在那些动物的处境，

74、你会有什么反应；(3)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。1.2.3.喜欢拍照的原因：various(why)你的反应：annoyed/unhappy(why)是否应该禁止：yes/no(why)As we all know,most tourists like taking photos with animals while they visit zoos.The reasons are as follows:Firstly,most tourists enjoy showing such pictures to their friends and family,when they come

75、back from their traveling.Secondly,some people want to show people how they are brave when people know they have ever been photographed with tigers in the zoo.Besides,quite a lot of people hope to express their friendliness with animals 参考范文However,wetouristsdontrealizethatifwerepeatedlytakephotoswi

76、thanimalsorjustphotographanimals,we not only affectanimals normallivinghabits,butalsowedogreatharmtoanimals.If I were animals in the zoo,Iwouldnotlikebeingphotographed.I believe thatmostpeopleagreewithme.Wholikebeingdisturbedwhileasleep?Iwouldfeelannoyedandupset when I dont like beingphotographed.Fr

77、om my point of view,we should make some regulations to forbid tourists to take photos with animals.For one thing,we should try to consider the animals living habits.For another,sometimes it is dangerous for tourists to take photos with animals.We should advocate leading a harmonious life with animal

78、s.高分技巧大解密1.多样化句式(1)用it is/was that强调句式.(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装句或用以only in this way 等开头的部分倒装句.(3)用with的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语.(4)用非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构.(5)用what引导的名词性从句.(6)用独立主格结构.(7)恰当运用感叹句,被动句等.(8)适当使用插入语,如to be honest,I guess,I think,personally等.(9)尽量用短语代替单词来表达同样的意思.(10)恰当使用关联词语,除使用复合句的连词外,写作中经常用到的关联词:丰富的句式：(

79、常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。e.g.What a kind boy he is!How disappointed he was!感叹句强调句e.g.It was this young boy that helped the old granny.I do hope you can come if possible.e.g.Only in this way can you solve this problem.There comes the police car.Hardly had they got to the stationwhen they met

80、 the young man.e.g.They read while walking or riding on a bus.Come to me if necessary.e.g.I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.倒装句省略句with短语 e.g.In my opinion,cyber cafes should be a place where we canfind much useful information.Lets come to the main teachingbui

81、lding,at the back of which standsthe school library.定语从句e.g.Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.各种名词性从句e.g.Time passed quickly before we knew it.The moment we reached the farm,we got down to harvesting.So long as we work harder at our lessons,well catch up s

82、ooner or later.各种状语从句1.To his surprise,the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）2.Though Im weak,Ill make the effort.(使用倒装句)3.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型)4.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）What surprises him is that

83、the little girl knows so many things.Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇Weak as I am,Ill make the effort.It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.5.She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(使用过

84、去分词)6.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.(使用V-ing形式)7.I wont believe what he says.（no matter what状语从句）8.If you study hard,you will make rapid progress.（祈使句+and）Followed by many students,she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing,they went back to school.No matter what he says,I wo

85、nt believe.Study hard and youll make rapid progress.9He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.(使用倒装句)10.We all think he is a great man.(think highly of)11.As a result the plan was a failure.(turn out)12.When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.(the morethe more)No sooner ha

86、d he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.We all think highly of him.The plan turned out to be a failure.The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.并列选择原因结果比较转折递进举例2.使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺and;as well as;also;too;while;but;for等or;either.or.;because(of);owing to;due to;thanks toso;therefore;thus;as

87、 a resulton the contrary;by contrast comparison compared to,but;yet;however;nevertheless,besides;moreover;in addition furthermorefor example/instance;such as;that is=namely;Take for example议论型的写作模板标题第一段:第二段:第三段:概括所给短文内容要点约30字过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点(赞同反对)-列举理由约100字总结句 约20字1.第一段：概括开门见山，抓住要点,语言精练例如:1)According

88、to the passage,we know2)This article is mainly about3)The writer relates(to us)/states that4)As is learnt from this passage,正如文中获悉5)As the passage says that 6）As is stated in the passage,.正如文中所说开篇的时态，一般都是一般现在是，之后再回归到具体时态。2.第二段：层次感先是过渡词引出主题句-陈述观点-陈述理由陈述理由：1）firstly,secondly,lastly,2）To begin with,.首先

89、，Besides/Whats more/Moreover/Furthermore/In addition,而且,Last but not least 最后(但并非最不重要)或者穿插使用：but；so；however；worse still=Whats worse;Most important of all;in the long run；from the short-term perspective;both.and.,not only.but(also).,as well as等列出原文作者观点或内容。第二段的开头用语(旗帜鲜明的阐明立场)：(支持说法)I do确实 agree with t

90、he authorIm in favor of.=I favor their opinion/view/idea等I share the same opinion with the author about.(反对说法)In some way某种程度上,I agree with,butThis opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.It is definitely not like that.As a matter of fact,Im strongly against.I strongly oppose.(说自己观点)From my per

91、sonal angle alone From where I stand从我的角度来说。From my personal point of viewIn my opinion/view,As far as Im concernedAs for me至于我来说.(不同看法)Were of two opinions about.=Were of different minds about.=Different people have different attitudes towards.We have different attitudes towards第三段最后一段总结句开头用语：a)简单型

92、：In conclusion,In short,To make a long story short,长话短说Its obvious that.In general,In a word,In belief,确定无疑的是，.On the whole,All in all,To sum up,In brief,b)复杂型：(1)Taking all the factors into account,we can draw a conclusion that.考虑到以上因素，我们可以得出这样的结论：(2)From the discussion above,it can be safely concl

93、uded that.根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结论：(3)To be brief,we should be aware of the importance of.总之，我们应当明白的重要性。(4)Therefore,it is necessary for us to.因此，我们有必要(5)Only/in this way/when we.can we.只有用这种方法/当时，我们才能读写任务的篇章结构归纳(参考)：(1)标题。(有时不一定要求拟标题)(2)第一段：用一两句话概括所给短文内容要点，约30(25-35)词。(3)第二段：议论文:过渡词引出主题句自己的观点例证，约100词。记叙文:过渡

94、词+与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事，约100词。(4)第三段：即总结句，套语配名言来进行点题，要前后呼应，三位一体，约20词。引出话题(1)There is no doubt that.毫无疑问(2)It can not be denied that.不可否认如：There is no denying(the fact)that the new management method has greatly increased the production.(3)No one can ignore the fact that.谁也不可忽视(4)From what is mentioned ab

95、ove,we know.依上所述，我们知道常用句子1.As the saying goes,nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.=It is a common saying that nothing.比 较：It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）2.Upon hearing the unexpected news,he was so surprised that he couldnt say a word.3.

96、According to the information given in the table/graph(表格),we can find that.4.It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world（that）we cannot overcome.常用句子5.I take it for granted that they will support this idea.6.To be frank,whether you like it or not,you have no other choice.7.There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.8.It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.