高考英语总复习—构词法(30张PPT).ppt

1、Grammar构词法(一)(Word Formation)高考英语语法总复习If you meet the new words while reading,what will you do?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word,just go on reading!Guess the meaning!When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension,we can use Word Formation to help us,but the co

2、ntext(上下文，语境)is also very important.根据构词法猜词1.I will not make friends with a dishonestperson.2.When the little boy finished,his father was speechless.3.A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet.首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小结dis+honest 不诚实的speech+less 说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手构词

3、法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）able unable;teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v.visit n.Do it yourself.DIY合成词Compoundpain-killercolor-blindsleep-walksleep-walker一、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。合成词汇展厅一.合成名词seafood greenhouse二.合成

4、动词 overcome whitewash三.合成形容词 snow-white man-made四.合成副词 however;anyway五.合成代词 something;everything六.合成介词 within insidefire+fighter=firefighterfriend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seaside Make compound words after the models.A:passer,well,sea,fire,friend,B:side,fighter

5、,ship,by,known,Model:part+time=part-timePractice I二、转化法（Conversion）：指一个词不变词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手v.递送.We always walk hand in handPlease hand me the book.名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词 telephone电话打电话slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm

6、暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善key 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个the blind盲人们look at have a look at wrong 错误的 错误the be

7、autiful美丽的东西转化法例释三、派生法 Derivation指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词派生法前缀后缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀 加前缀：happy-_happy 加后缀：develop-develop_ 既加前缀又加后缀：employ-_employ_注意:派生词的前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化.unmentunment派生词（derivation）Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?Do you sometimes overslee

8、p?1.over-:too muchoverwork,overeatabove sth;across overcoat,overheadSome important prefixes:The trains are _ on Friday evenings.(crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en-动词前缀enable,endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrich常见的否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记

9、忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义。前 缀意义用法例词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,相反动作加在动词前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前 incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名

10、词或动词前discharge,排出 dismiss解雇mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解Some important suffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj.sharpen v._strength _bright Practice IIGuess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries im

11、port most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice.Her dream is to become a superstar.进口生物物理学合作运输明星四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVVIP

12、SOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebPractice Makes Perfect!rain(形容词)_ agree(反义)_ nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_ recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_ hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词)_ eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_ America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitorei

13、ghthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChineseu请做下列高考真题。1.(2013)That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big city.思路点拨：reasonable 在名词前作定语要用形容词。真题再练 2.(2013)But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destroy a village.思路点拨：possibly 修饰谓语动词destroy作状语，用副词。注意：以-ble接尾的形容词，其副词形式通常是将bl

14、e改为bly。3.(2012)For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her思路点拨：pleased 在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示“高兴的”。4.(2016)We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the night.思路点拨：merrily 修饰动词talked作状语，用副词。5

15、.(2015)He must be _(mental)disabled.思路点拨：mentally 修饰分词形容词作状语，用副词。6.(2014)His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.思路点拨：warmly 修饰动词smiled作状语，用副词形式。1.Write out the original words.unchangeable adj._ dislike v._ impossibility n._ unfriendly adj._

16、overwork v._ misunderstanding n._athletic adj._ misread v._translator n._changelikepossiblefriendlookunderstandathletereadtranslate2.给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree _plete _3.healthy _ 4.important _5.able _ 6.cover _ 7.known _8.practical _9.tidy _ 10.perfect _11.visible _ 12.fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitThank you!