上海市建平中学2022届高三上学期9月考试英语试题 WORD版含答案.doc

1、建平中学2022届高三英语9月试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word

2、 that best fits each blank. Do We Miss Something in Life?“In this life, what did you miss?” The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Sadly, the husband replied: I missed a new job opportunity. When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus. At 45, the husband sadly

3、said: I missed the opportunity seeing my closest relative (21) _his last breath.At 55, the husband said disappointingly: I missed a good chance to retire. At 65, the husband hurriedly replied: I missed a dental appointment. At 75, the wife did not ask the husband anymore. At this moment, the husband

4、 (22) _ (kneel) in front of the very sick wife. 23_ (remember) the question the wife used to ask him, this time he asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied: In this life, I did not miss (24) _ (have) you! The husband was full of tears. He always thought tha

5、t they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and trifles. So much so he (25) _ (not be) thoughtful to his wife. The husband hugged the wife tightly and said: Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for me.In the busy city life, there are many people (26) _ ar

6、e always busy with work. These people revolve their lives around their jobs, these people sacrifice all their times and health (27) _ (meet) the social expectations. They are unwilling to spend time on health care. They miss the opportunity to be with their children in their growing up. They neglect

7、 the (28) _ (love) ones who care for them, and also their health. But (29) _knows what is going to happen one year from now. (30) _life is not permanent, always live in the now. Express your gratitude to the ones you love in words. Show your care with actions. Treat every days as the last episode of

8、 life. In this way, when you are gone, those you love would have nothing to feel sorry about. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. association B. contribution C. effective D

9、. evolutionarily E. grasp F. immature G. joyous H. logged I. selected J. skilled K. treatPuppies Understand You Even at a Young AgeWe like to think our puppies can follow what were telling them. Well, to some degree they can, even when theyre 31 . We have known for a long time that adult dogs are es

10、pecially 32 in understanding cooperative communication from humans,. They can spontaneously follow a human pointing gesture. Theyre even better at it than apes, which are much more closely related to us, 33 speaking. But is it a skill dogs pick up simply by spending time with people? Or is it a trai

11、t that was 34 for when dogs first became domesticated? To find out, Bray and her colleagues 35 time with 375 puppies that were going to be trained to be service dogs. By working with pups that had spent most of their young lives with their owners, Bray could figure out whether dogs had to learn to 3

12、6 human communications -or if its something they were born with. The pups participated in tests designed to assess dogs1 social smarts. In one experiment, a researcher would hide food under one of two cups - and then call to the puppy and point toward the cup that held the 37 . They found puppies we

13、re able to use this social signal 38 to choose the correct location. In another experiment, a researcher would talk to a puppy. “Hi pup. Are you a good puppy? Yes, you are! What a good puppy! ”This goes on for about 30 seconds. During this interaction, the researcher would record how much time the p

14、up spent gazing at her with 39 sight. They found that puppies would respond to human social gaze and could successfully use information given by a human in social context from a very young age. “It seems likely that puppies really are starting the (ask with the communicative ability necessary to be

15、successful rather than just quickly learning a(n) 40 over the course of the task.” Bray added. All these findings suggest that dogs are biologically prepared for communication with humans. III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words

16、or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Mice are at their best at night. But a new analysis suggests researchers often test the nightly creatures during the day, which could alter results and create 41 across various studies, if they re

17、cord time-of-day information 42 . Scientists assume that waking up lab mice in the daytime may twist research. Of the 200 papers examined in the new study, more than half cither failed to report the timing of behavioral testing or did so 43 . On the contrary, they found only 20 percent reported 44 t

18、esting. The analysis was published in Neuroscience & Bio-behavioral Reviews. West Virginia University neuro-scientist Randy Nelson, the studys lead author, says this is likely a matter of human 45 . “It is easier to get students and schools to work during the day than at night,” Nelson says. But tha

19、t advantage 46 . “Time of day not only impacts the intensity of many 47 , including mice activity, aggressiveness of their behavior, and hormone levels,” but changes in those factors can only be 48 during certain parts of the daytime cycle, says University of Wyoming behavioral neuro-scientist Willi

20、am D. Todd. This means that “failing to report time of day of data collection and tests makes 49 of results extremely difficult,” adds Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center staff scientist Natalia Machado. Neither Todd nor Machado was involved in the new study. 50 , the study researchers say it is cr

21、itical that scientists report the timing of their work and consider the fact that animals behavioral and physiological responses can 51 with the hour. As a first step, Nelson says, “obviously, taking time-of-day into consideration seems like 52 fruit in terms of line assing behavioral neuroscience r

22、esearch reliability, reproducibility and rigor (严谨性) University of Calgary psychologist Michael Antle, who was also not involved in the analysis, says such differences in how studies are run 53 a “reproducibility crisis” in science, with other laboratories unable to 54 study results. “Running a stud

23、y at the wrong time,” he says, “could lead to us completely 55 a finding altogether.”41. A. immobilityB. originalityC. inconsistencyD. credibility42. A. exclusivelyB. preciselyC. generallyD. honestly43. A. directlyB. personallyC. reliablyD. unclearly44. A. everydayB. qualityC. physicalD. nighttime45

24、. A. securityB. convenienceC. intelligenceD. privacy46. A. comes at a cost B. comes to the pointC. comes into beingD. comes to an end47. A. operationsB. effectsC. subjectsD. variables48. A. indicatedB. requiredC. recordedD. proposed49. A. interpretationB. expectationC. suspicionD. distribution50. A.

25、 Vice versaB. In comparisonC. For exampleD. Therefore51. A. occurB. diversifyC. improveD. vary52. A. low-hangingB. high-demandingC. bitter-tastingD. long-standing53. A. belong toB. contribute toC. result fromD. go through54. A. recreateB. modifyC. stimulateD. predict55. A. presentingB. examiningC. m

26、issingD. confirmingSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just

27、read. (A)I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by

28、mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories. My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventure

29、s and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with h

30、is deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he

31、threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it. There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little po

32、ems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the out

33、side world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply,

34、 and said: “My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting. 56. The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means _. A. daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badlyB. daydreams i

35、nfluenced the writers behavior in real lifeC. the writer had lasting memory of the books he readD. the writer couldnt distinguish books form reality57. The writer gave up writing because _. A. it was not as interesting as readingB. he was too shy to reveal his inner worldC. he couldnt write good wor

36、ksD. his father didnt like him writing58. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writers father? A. He was impressed with his sons paintingB. He didnt like the personality of his son. C. He was touched by his sons persistence in reading. D. He had a high expectation of his son in writing

37、. 59. The passage is mainly about _. A. the power of readingB. the writers adventurous daydreamsC. reflection on the start of a careerD. the efforts made to be painter(B)What we doThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) responds quickly and efficiently to help people affected by armed co

38、nflict. We also respond to disasters in conflict zones, because the effects of a disaster are compounded if a country is already at war.Coronavirus: COVID-19 pandemicFor people living in conflict zones, the pandemic spread of coronavirus disease (also known as COVID-19) represents a dramatic threat

39、to life. Health systems are destroyed by war, and it could be difficult for people in these areas to prioritize actions related to the coronavirus COVID-19 as there could be many other more immediate threats to life, such as gunfire and bombings.Enabling people with disabilities & physical rehabilit

40、ationIn addition to developing our own prosthetics (假肢)technology we have acquired a high level of expertise and attach great importance to maintaining support for a project over many years. As well as providing physical recovery services, we help people with disabilities play a full part in society

41、. This includes promoting the setting up of small business, providing professional training and promoting sport.Migrants, refugees, shelter seekersThe ICRC has adopted a broad description of migrants, to involveall people who leave or fell their home to seek safety or better prospects abroad, and wh

42、o may be in disaster and need of protection or humanitarian assistance. Refugeesand shelter seekers, who are entitle to specific protection under international law, are included in this description.Access to educationAround the world, millions of people affected by armed conflict and other situation

43、s of violence are unable to get an education. The fighting can destroy or damage education facilities, it can make it unsafe to get to school and to be in school.In prolonged conflicts, entire generations can remain without education due to economic hardship and to poorly resourced and weakened educ

44、ation systems. This increases social and economic vulnerabilities and raises the risk of exclusion and abuse for many people, particularly girls.For people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence, the ability to continue or to restart their education is among their top priorities

45、. Education enables people to live and rebuild their lives with dignity and provides them with knowledge and skills to make important decisions about their life, livelihood, and well-being.60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The victims of war also consider the prevention

46、 of COVIDO-19 the most important. B. The ICRC not only oiler physical recovery services but also help the disabled to play sports through professional training. C. All people away from home or in need take part in the charity campaign for migrants. D. The entire generations who have suffered so long

47、 from war may go without education. 61. The access to education can be _. A. spoiled in conflict zones due to the loss of education facilitiesB. particularly difficult for the girls only in prolonged conflictsC. the least important thing for those suffering from the warD. effective in helping people

48、 flee their homes62. We can most probably find this passage from _. A. the ICRC official websiteB. a newspaperC. a booklet of charity activitiesD. an academic journal(C)Metaphor (隐喻) is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish - a matter of extraordinary rather

49、than ordinary language. Moreover, metaphor is typically viewed as characteristic of language alone, a matter of words rather than thought or action. For this reason, most people think they can get along perfectly well without metaphor. We have found, on the contrary, that metaphor is pervasive in ev

50、eryday life, not just in language but in thought and action as well. Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The concepts that govern our thought are not just matters of the intellect. They also govern our everyday functioning

51、, down to the most ordinary details. Our concepts structure what we perceive, how we get around in the world, and how we relate to other people. Our conceptual system thus plays a central role in defining our everyday realities. If we are right in suggesting that our conceptual system is largely met

52、aphorical, then the way we think, what we experience, and what we do every day is very much a matter of metaphor. But our conceptual system is not something we are normally aware of. In most of the little things we do every day, we simply think and act more or less automatically along certain lines.

53、 Just what these lines are is by no means obvious. One way to find out is by looking at language. Since communication is based on the same conceptual system that we use in thinking and acting, language is an important source of evidence for what that system is like. To give some idea of what it coul

54、d mean for a concept to be metaphorical and for such a concept to structure an everyday activity, let us start with the concept ARGUMENT and the conceptual metaphor ARGUMENT IS WAR. This metaphor is reflected in our everyday language by a wide variety of expressions: ARGUMENT IS WAR. Your claims are

55、 indefensible. He attacked every weak point in my argument. His criticisms were right on target. I demolished his argument. Ive never won an argument with him. You disagree? Okay, shoot! If you use the strategy, hell wipe you out. He shot down all of my arguments. It is important to see that we dont

56、 just talk about arguments in terms of war. We can actually win or lose arguments. We see the person we are arguing with as an opponent. We attack his positions and defend our own. We gain and lose ground. We plan and use strategies. If we find a position indefensible, we can abandon it and take a n

57、ew line of attack. Many of the things we do in arguing are partially structured by the concept of war. Though there is no physical battle, there is a verbal battle, and the structure of an argument - attack, defense, counterattack, etc. -reflects this. It is in this sense that the ARGUMENT IS WAR me

58、taphor is one that we live by in this culture; it structures the actions we perform in arguing. 63. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with? A. Metaphor is primarily a literary tool that polishes our thoughts and expressions. B. The actions involved in argument is

59、understood in terms of war conceptually. C. Peoples action is generally more dependent on metaphor than on concept. D. The concept of argument exists on the precondition that there is war. 64. According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between language and our conceptual system? A. Language

60、and the conceptual system are structured separately and automatically. B. The conceptual system remains inaccessible despite the revelation of language. C. The conceptual system provides various definitions for our language. D. Language provides clues to what constitutes the conceptual system. 65. T

61、he underlined word “demolished” is closet in meaning to “_”. A. defeatedB. dismissedC. justifiedD. favored66. What can be inferred from the passage? A. War is non-verbal argument. B. Our communication is metaphorical. C. Concepts are internally constructed. D. Few people speak in metaphorical langua

62、ge. Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Besides, some scientists note that any new product like this will need to stand up to the rea

63、l world, where dirt coats surfaces over time. B. It is calculated that covering a 1, 000-square-foot roof with this new paint could cool a building by about 10 kilowatts. C. The price of barium sulfate is comparable to, or even slightly more expensive than, titanium dioxide that is used in some othe

64、r commercial paints. D. Now its time to shed some light on the other end of the practical paint spectrum: the “whitest white.”E. That is to say, this new paint can be a tool to fight the climate emergency by cutting carbon emissions. F. Unfortunately, manufacturing precise layers of multiple substan

65、ces and applying them to a surface in a set order costs more than simply slapping on some paint. Cool ColourThe “blackest black” paint, famed for its thermal disguise potential, has long absorbed 99.9 percent of public attention. 67 Research shows that surfaces coated with a newly formulated white c

66、oloring reflect 98. 1 percent of sunlight, creating a powerful cooling effect. This coating absorbs just 1.9 percent of sunlight compared with 10 to 20 percent for conventional white or “heat-reflective” paints, says Xiulin Ruan, a Purdue University mechanical engineer. By reflecting so efficiently,

67、 the novel paint can actually help a coated building release the heat inside. 68 “Our model shows if youre in, you can save up to 70 to 80 percent on air-conditioning in the summer,” Ruan says. Scientists have been developing reflective paints for decades, but commercial products still remain at or

68、above the surrounding temperature. In the past 10 years researchers have found greater success with multilayered coating to reflect many wave-lengths of light. 69 Thus, Ruan decided to take a hybrid approach and create an ordinary paint that could easily be brushed or sprayed onto a surface. After t

69、esting particles of several different compounds, he and his colleagues ultimately selected a relatively inexpensive one called barium sulfate. Actually, there is plenty of competition from other researchers. 70 The manufacturers have to struggle with “how to make sure that the paint stays white afte

70、r 30 years of use.” However, Ruan says he and his colleagues do have the confidence to remove this fear. He hopes to bring a version of his paint to market in a year or two. IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage

71、 in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Absent-mindedness“Most events of absent-mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and mem

72、ory scientist. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.”“Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile p

73、hone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isnt failing you. Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed. As many

74、 people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication w

75、ith lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table- dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbo

76、x,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags. V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using th

77、e words given in the brackets. 72. 让我们抓住今天，因为没人能预测明天会发生什么。 (there) 73. 如果你不掌握这些练习的本质，你再刷题也没有。 (It) 74. 在一位退休老师的资助下，这位来自大山的男孩勤奋努力，脱颖而出，并考上了他的理想大学。 (sponsor) 75. 这位病人在医务人员的悉心治疗下转危为安，他对他们的无私奉献和严谨的专业态度充满广敬佩。 (overflow) VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according

78、 to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学学生李华，你的好友Jerry过于依赖手机上各种app来完成作业。你觉得这不利于他的学习，忽略了独立自主学习的重要性。写份邮件说服Jerry不要过多借助“作业帮”，“百度翻译”等来应付作业，在邮件中，你必须：1. 对Jerry的行为表示担忧；2. 给出你的具体建议并说明理由。参考答案：21. before 22. was kneeling 23. Remembering 24. having 25. hadnt been 26. who27. to meet 28. loved 29. no

79、body 30. As/Because/Since31-40 FJDIH EKCGA41-55 CADDB ADCAD DABAC56-59 BBAC60-62 DAA63-66 BDAB67-70 DBFA71. Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness. Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not

80、recognizing visual cues in the environment, in which case the cue should be visual and approachable. Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered. 72. Lets seize the day as there is no knowing what will happen tomorrow. 73. Its no use repeating those exercises if you dont

81、grasp the essence of them. 74. Sponsored by a retired teacher, the boy from the mountains worked hard to stand out among his peers and got admitted to his ideal university. 75. The patient who had over come his disease/had turned from danger to safety with the careful treatment of the medical staff overflowed with admiration for their selfless devotion and serious scientific attitude.