2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod4课时素养检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册20210301283.doc

1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时素养检测四Unit 1Period 4. 阅读理解 Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842, Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(烦扰) as possible. They already had two children then, and would go on to have eight more

2、 in the country. Darwin had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9: 30 am, his most productive time of the day, and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work. At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, s

3、topping at his greenhouse to inspect(查看)his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his “thinking path”, Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems. After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided in

4、formation from all corners of the world. The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door. After dinner Darwin played backgammon(a game for two peo

5、ple to play) with his wife. He once wrote, “Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this: she. . . has won only 2, 490 games, while I have won, hurrah(a cheer of joy or victory), hurrah, 2, 795 games! ”Although he had poor health, Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative works unt

6、il his final book in 1881 came out. He died the following year, aged 73. Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard, which he called “the sweetest place on Earth”, Darwin was given a state funeral(国葬) in Londons Westminster Abbey. 【语篇概述】本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文安宁的个人生活。1. Why did the Darwins move to Ke

7、nt? A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living. C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段中的“moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance as possible”可知达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰, 以享受更多的安宁。2. What did Darwin do every d

8、ay? A. He studied in the woods. B. He started to work at 9: 30 am. C. He wrote letters in the morning. D. He examined his experiments. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段中的“At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to inspect his experiments”可知达尔文每天都会去查看实验的进展情况。3. What did Darwin

9、s children probably think of him? A. Strict. B. Warm. C. Cold. D. Brave. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第四段中的“The Darwins were not very strict parents. . . Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door. ”可推知在孩子们眼里, 父亲达尔文应该很温和。4. What is this text mai

10、nly about? A. Darwins scientific achievements. B. The unusual state funeral of Darwin. C. Darwins personal life. D. Darwin has a large family. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据首段第一句即文章主旨句“Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life”。可知本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文安宁的个人生活。. 阅读填句How to keep yourself safe from new virus? After a new

11、-type coronavirus was detected in viral pneumonia cases in Central Chinas Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have been reported in recent days. 1: Wear masks outdoors Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up

12、 the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. 2, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others. Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissues(纸巾)Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid co

13、vering with your hands directly. 3Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds. Before eating and after using the toiletAfter returning homeAfter touching trash or garbageAfter contacting with animals or handling animal wastesStrengthen your immune system and exerci

14、se regularly Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections. Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports. 4. Seek prompt(及时的)medical attention if you have s

15、ymptoms of fever and respiratory infection. Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms. 5. Avoid eating raw meat or contacting with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection. A. If your hands are not visibly dirtyB. Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggsC. Wash you

16、r hands frequently and properlyD. Protect yourself and others from getting sickE. Wear a mask if transport or movement is necessaryF. If youre not feeling well or have symptoms of feverG. To prevent catching the infection, heres what you can do【语篇概述】本文主要讲述面对新型冠状病毒的挑战, 我们应如何保护自己和他人。1. 【解析】选G。根据下文所提出的

17、建议可知G项中的heres what you can do是承上启下的句子。2. 【解析】选F。根据下文a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others. “戴口罩防止你把病毒传染给其他人”可知此处是说“如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧症状”。所以答案选F。3. 【解析】选C。此处是第三条建议, 应该用祈使句。根据下文内容可知此建议与洗手有关, 所以答案选C。4. 【解析】选E。根据上文avoid going to crowded places“避免去拥挤的地方”, 可知下文承接的是如果必须去的话建议戴口罩。5. 【

18、解析】选B。根据下文Avoid eating raw meat or contacting with wild animals or farmed livestock 可知此处是在饮食方面提出的建议, 所以答案选B, 意思是“肉蛋要彻底煮熟”。. 完形填空Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work, they were all strict with themselves. When they first 1 their ideas, they w

19、ere always rejected. 2, they did not give up. It was their perseverance that made them successful. A 3 theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are 4 in. To explain what they have

20、 seen, they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were 5 in their work. Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can 6 future events. In fact, every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we al

21、ready knew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to 7 new and old ideas in 8 many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel 9. They all knew that for each new idea that works, there are 10

22、 ten that do not. If we want to develop our 11, we can try using some of the thinking strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming 12, but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our 13. Who knows, perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the

23、 world? So we should be well prepared to meet 14 in new life now and try our best to make great 15 to our future society. 【语篇概述】本文主要讲述了科学家的每一个促进社会发展的新思想和新理论都是经过严格的实践验证和无数次失败形成的。1. A. put upB. put onC. put asideD. put forward【解析】选D。短语辨析题。句意: 当科学家最初提出他们的思想时, 总是受到排斥。put forward“提出”; put up“举起, 张贴, 安排住宿

24、”; put aside“忽视”; put on“穿上, 上演”。根据句意选D。2. A. SoB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. But【解析】选 C。上下文语境题。根据语境可知此处表示转折, 且有逗号隔开, 所以用however。3. A. scientificB. certain C. sureD. expert【解析】选A。词汇复现题。由下文scientific method可知此处是scientific theory, 意为“科学理论是科学方法研究的结果”。4. A. curiousB. interestedC. cautiousD. characteristic【解析

25、】选B。词语辨析题。be interested in“对感兴趣”; be curious about“对感到好奇”; be cautious of“小心谨慎”; be characteristic of“表现了特征”。根据后面的介词in可知选B。5. A. absorbedB. devotedC. focusedD. centered【解析】选A。短语辨析题。句意: 然后他们专注于他们的工作。 be absorbed in“专心致志于, 集中精力于”。B项与to搭配; C和D项与on搭配。6. A. seeB. watchC. noticeD. foresee【解析】选D。上下文语境题。根据下

26、文的future可知此处是预见未来事件。foresee“预见; 预测”。7. A. constructB. exposeC. analyseD. combine【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上文every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew可知“每一种新想法与我们所了解的有联系”, 所以我们要把新旧思想结合起来。combine. . . and. . . “使结合(联合)”。8. A. asB. thanC. soD. such【解析】选A。固定搭配题。as many as possible“尽可能多地”。9

27、. A. puzzledB. inspired C. boredD. confused 【解析】选 B。逻辑推理题。由上文when they tired以及or后面的did not feel可知空格处是一个与tired相反意义的词。inspired “有灵感的”。10. A. at mostB. at lastC. at leastD. in the least【解析】选C。上下文语境题。句意: 科学家都知道, 伴随着每一种正确的新思想, 至少有十种想法是不正确的。根据句意选C。11. A. creativityB. conclusionC. enquiryD. chart【解析】选A。词义辨

28、析题。creativity“创造力”; conclusion“结论”; enquiry“询问”; chart“图表”。句意: 如果我们也想发展我们的创造力, 应该尝试使用一些伟人或名人的思想策略。根据句意选A。12. A. artistB. scientistC. professorD. teacher【解析】选B。词汇复现题。根据上文讲述的内容可知此处是成为科学家。13. A. life B. levelC. universeD. sense【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。我们或许不想成为科学家, 但是我们可能会想办法改善我们的生活。所以答案选A。14. A. conflictsB. challe

29、ngesC. cluesD. announcements【解析】选B。词义辨析题。conflict“冲突”; challenge“挑战”; clue“线索”; announcement“宣告, 宣布”。此处表示迎接新生活的挑战。15. A. contributionsB. effortsC. arrangementsD. preparations【解析】选A。短语辨析题。make contributions to“对作出贡献”; make efforts to do“努力做”; make arrangements for“为做安排”; make preparations for“为做准备”。句

30、意: 尽最大努力为未来社会做贡献, 根据句意选A。 . 语法填空Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who developed cures for many dangerous 1. (illness). He also successfully invented a way to kill bacteria in milk and make it safe to drink. Pasteur was born in 1822, in Dole, France. He was a courageous student who 2. (frequent) a

31、sked questions, searched for answers and challenged incorrect ideas. He 3. (receive) a Doctor of Science degree in 1847. While 4. (work) at the University of Lille, Pasteur discovered fermentation, a chemical change used to make bread, cheese and other foods, involved germs. He showed that heat kill

32、ed the germs that cause fermentation. This 5. (discover) led to his invention of a process for destroying harmful germs in food, which became 6. (know) as pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法). In the 1870s, Louis Pasteur sought to find a cure for anthraxa disease 7. mainly affects cattle. Firstly, he found anthrax

33、 was much more likely if farmers buried dead sheep with the disease in fields. Pasteur advised farmers not 8. (bury) any dead animals in areas where cattle may eat growing grass in the future. In 1881 he conducted an experiment to try out his vaccine(疫苗) for anthrax, which was 9. success. Pasteur di

34、ed in 1895, in Saint-Cloud, France. On his last day he remarked: “I should like to be younger, so as to devote myself 10. the study of new diseases. ”【语篇概述】本文介绍了法国化学家 、细菌学家巴斯德在巴氏灭菌及炭疽疫苗研究方面取得的重大成就。 1. 【解析】illnesses。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语, 表示“疾病”, 由many可知, 此处应用名词复数, 故填illnesses。2. 【解析】frequently。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰

35、谓语动词, 表示“常常”, 所以填副词frequently。3. 【解析】received。考查动词时态。由in 1847可知, 设空处表示的动作发生在过去, 应用一般过去时。4. 【解析】working。考查非谓语动词。此处动词-ing形式在句子中作状语。Pasteur与work之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 且由While可知, work表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生, 故填working。5. 【解析】discovery。考查名词。根据空格前的限定词This可知填名词, 作主语, 意为“发现” 。6. 【解析】known。考查过去分词。设空处作表语, which在此指代process, 因为kn

36、ow与process之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故填known。7. 【解析】that/which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句, 修饰disease, 且在从句中作主语, 故填that/which。8. 【解析】to bury。考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式作宾语补足语。advise sb. not to do sth. 意为“建议某人不做某事”。9. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。success在此是抽象名词具体化的用法, 表示“一件成功的事” 。10. 【解析】to。考查介词。devote oneself to. . . 意为“致力于”。阅读理解Childhood obesity r

37、ates are rising in many parts of the world, but in Amsterdam they are falling. The citys healthy weight programme has seen a 12 percent drop in overweight and obese children. “ Go! ”shouts the instructor. Tyrell throws himself forward to do sit-ups, then jumps up and runs to the end of the gym and b

38、ack again. Though tired, the nine-year-old is smiling, working hard and having fun. He is also part of Amsterdams efforts to improve the health of its children. At the back of the gym, Tyrells mother, Janice, is sitting with other parents watching the fitness class. “Hes really happy, because he kno

39、ws he is doing something. ” she says. A year ago, Tyrells school told Janice her son was overweight. Children in Amsterdam are now regularly weighed and tested for agility(敏捷) and balance. Kristel is Tyrells health nurse. In a health centre in south-east Amsterdam, Kristel explains how she helps fam

40、ilies such as Tyrells. The most important thing is not to communicate in a standard way, because everybody already knows eating sugar and eating fast food are unhealthy. She says, “You really want to communicate the message on the level the parent and the child understand. So, when the child is over

41、weight, it is more important for them to tell you what they think is going wrong. ” Janice thinks Tyrell was snacking on unhealthy food and playing computer games after school too much. Tyrell has been taken to the supermarket to find healthier food choices and also introduced to some after-school a

42、ctivities. He now plays tennis, goes to gym class and is much more active. 【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹解决儿童肥胖问题的事例。1. Why do the childhood obesity rates in Amsterdam fall? A. The children want to be slim. B. The citys healthy weight programme helps decrease the rates. C. Their parents ask schools to do so. D.

43、 Childhood obesity rates are rising in many parts of the world. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知B项正确。2. What does the underlined sentence “he is doing something”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. He is tired. B. He does sit-ups. C. He jumps up and runs again and again. D. He improves his health. 【解析】选D。句义猜测题。Ja

44、nice提到Tyrell乐于做运动是因为他知道他是在做对自己身体健康有益的事, 所以D项正确。3. What is the most important thing when communicating with the children and parents on the obesity problem according to Kristel? A. To communicate in a standard way. B. To tell them a lot of negative instances. C. To guide them to tell you what they th

45、ink is incorrect. D. To have a good attitude. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第三段Kristel的话中可知, 每个人都知道吃糖和吃快餐是不健康的, 最重要的是让他们自己说出他们认为哪里出了问题, 所以C项正确。4. What can we know from this passage? A. Mothers encouragement and love are great. B. Exercise and a healthy diet make us healthier. C. Children hate sports because they are too boring and tiring. D. Children have enough willpower to control their weight. 【解析】选B。归纳概括题。A项本意正确, 但不属于本文的内容, 所以A项错误。由第二段可知, 虽然运动很累, 但Tyrell仍很开心, 因为他知道他在为自己的身体健康做努力, 所以C项错误。文中Tyrell减肥成功离不开护士及家人的帮助, 并不是仅靠自己的毅力来实现, 所以D项错误。