2020_2021学年高中英语Unit1GreatScientists单元综合同步课时作业含解析新人教版必修520210528227.doc

1、Unit 1 单元综合AWashington, D. C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C. Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the f

2、amous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability- and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D. C. Explore the monuments and memoria

3、ls on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D. C Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking

4、to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington

5、Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D. C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo takin

6、g as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Cap

7、ital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provid

8、e?A.City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is ev

9、en more interesting is that one ofSteins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台) . The

10、bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists likeSteintomake the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still all

11、ow shopperstopurchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energytoproduce and transport. And while plastic bags may be uglytolook at, they represent a small percentage of allgarbageon the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacem

12、ent: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energytomake. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plas

13、tic.Environmentalists dont dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shopperstouse the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue f

14、or the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word headwinds in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Rep

15、lacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste ControlCAs we all know, Stephen Hawk

16、ing writes the book A Brief History of Time that explains the origin of the universe. The book spent 147 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List and has sold 10 million copies. He is, most agree, very smart.In his recently published autobiography My Brief History, Hawking offers four life lesso

17、ns on how to become a genius.（1）Dont miss opportunities by being too cool “We showed an air of complete boredom and the feeling that nothing was worth making an effort for. One result of my illness has been to change all that. When you are faced with the possibility of an early death, it makes you r

18、ealize that life is worth living and that there are lots of things you want to do. M Seize the moment, as Oxford would say.(2) Keep it simpleWhen writing A Brief History of Time, he tried to make science understandable for the rest of the US.“I was sure that nearly everyone is interested in how the

19、universe operates, but most people cannot follow mathematical equations(数学公式).” He has trouble with them, too. “This is partly because it is difficult for me to write them down, but mainly because I dont have an inborn feeling for equations. My aim in the book was to describe these mental images in

20、words. It is such an easy book that everybody can understand it. ” The moral: you dont have to be a genius to know everything.(3) Have funHawking has a long history of being a joker, and he has placed lots of bets with other scientists on the nature of black holes. One was with Cal-Tech scientist Jo

21、hn Preskill. After paying off his bet by giving Preskill a baseball encyclopedia, Hawking wrote,“But maybe I should have just given him the ashes.” So lighten up! Geniuses like bad jokes too.(4) Always look for a silver lining （even if you are seriously ill)Hawkings disease has slowly robbed him of

22、the ability to walk, move his arms, even speak But Hawking says. “In some ways I guess my disability has been an assist: I havent had to lecture or teach students, and I havent had to sit in meetings. So I have been able to devote myself completely to research.” In other words, Hawking was given lem

23、ons，and he made Champagne.1.The passage tells us the facts about A Brief History of Time EXCEPT that .A.it explained the origin of the universeB.it has sold 10 million copies up to nowC.it spent 147 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller ListD.it included Hawkings four life lessons on how to become

24、 a genius2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is guiding you to be a genius?A.Place lots of bets with your friends.B.Seize the moment to learn everything.C.Find something good even in bad situations.D.Get to know everything including mathematical equations.3.Hawking shows hi

25、s viewpoint by .A. making comparisonsB. quoting a famous sayingC. listing the numbers and equationsD. talking about his own experience4.Which of the following statements is true?A.Hawking was unable to walk gradually.B. Hawking tried to make physics understandable.C.Most people think he isnt smart e

26、nough.D.He has been able to devote himself to maths.D The traditional British pub is part of the scenery of British life. At the last count, there are around 50,000 of them in the UK. The oldest Ye Oldest Fighting Cocks in St. Albans was set up in about 793. Because of their abundance, the names pub

27、s take are designed to be memorable, but more than that, they are designed to be visual. Outside any traditional pub worthy of its title, youll find a hanging signboard with a unique illustration(插图) that represents the name of the business. The practice is so well established that even new pubs cop

28、y it. But why do they exist at all? The first British pub signs were created in the 12th century and were simple representations of beer containers and other brewing-related equipment used to inform passersby that establishments sold beer. This was Britain in the dark ages, when education was in sho

29、rt supply. Since most of the population were unable to read, pub signs were used to inform would-be customers that they could find a drink inside. The earliest uses of pub names would reference the sign directly. People would arrange to meet atthe sign of the Eagle and Child rather than at the Eagle

30、 and Child. Today the tradition remains unchanged largely out of respect for the past,but many pub signs do have some functionality. Remote country pubs often use signboards to point the way to their doors. Its a part of British culture thats rapidly disappearing more than 20,000 pubs have closed si

31、nce 1980 but for now there are still more than enough. You can take a moment to appreciate the history and symbolism behind a pubs sign the next time you see one.1.What is special about British pub signs?A.They copy famous art.B.They show British life.C.They have unique pictures.D.They include the h

32、istory of the pub.2.The first British pub signs weremainlyused to_.A.inspire passersby B.inform passersbyC.educate passersby D.entertain passersby3.Modern British pub signs are different from the earliest ones in their _.A.size B.style C.material D.purpose4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The his

33、tory of British pubs.B.The importance of British pub signs.C.The development of British pub signs.D.Why British pubs are unpopular nowadays.Things You Should Stop Doing to Be SuccessfulAre you a happy person? How often do you think of reasons why everyone around you is successful though they are not

34、 better than you in general? What do you do wrong? Here are some things you should stop doing to be successful._Different people may interpret(解说) “success” in different ways: some of them measure it in money, other ones in positive changes to people around them and the world in general._Dont worry

35、about what other people think but come after what makes you happy.Do not believe anything without questioning it._They are critical(批判性的) thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by our prejudices, so they will always question new information.Do not worry about all unpredictable things th

36、at may happen to you.If you want to be successful, stop thinking about everything that MAY happen to you._Be ready to improve and change your deeds and decisions when things suddenly dont go according to your plan.Do not care about what other people think of you._Your attempts to become “good” for e

37、veryone will turn into nothing but new worries, stresses, and problems.Successful people do not concentrate on the quantity of people to please, but worry about their quality and focus on developing friendships with people they really care about.A. Do not wait for the “right time” to do anything.B.

38、Do not let others decide what “success” is for you.C. Successful people do not just accept any new information to be true.D.As far as we all know, its impossible to please all the people who surround us.E. Successful people never ignore or avoid problems,no matter how big and awful they seem.F. If y

39、ou want to be successful, do not let others force their interpretation of success on you.G. Try to feel comfortable with the reality and accept the fact your future cant be predicted.A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas

40、 which are not 2 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威)as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher (哲学家)of Oxford,

41、who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we must learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 11 many important discoveries.Galileo, however, who lived more than 300 years later ( 1564 1642), was the greate

42、st of several great men, 12 in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by 13 to show how many important 14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones, 16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 17 o

43、f the leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 18 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos science 19 of going direct to Nature, and proving our 20 and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.1.A.useB.timeC.speedD.trust2.A.workedB.basedC.livedD.written3

44、.A.reasonB.causeC.adviceD.result4.A.thinksB.checksC.hasD.learns5.A.naturalB.physicalC.ancientD.modern6.A.dateB.keepC.lookD.take7.A.studyB.timeC.yearD.birth8.A.bothB.eachC.betweenD.among9.A.SchoolsB.AgesC.DaysD. Countries10.A.inB.withC.onD.by11.A.didB.madeC.tookD.gave12.A.whoB.whenC.thatD.where13.A.w

45、aysB.degreesC.levelsD.chance14.A.truthsB.problemsC.peopleD.subjects15.A.slowlyB.rapidlyC.lightlyD.heavily16.A.althoughB.becauseC.whenD.if17.A.placeB.footC.topD.ceiling18.A.bigB.smallC.equalD.unequal19.A.spiritB.skillC.theoryD.discovery20.A.plansB.opinionsC.worldD.ability C. V. Raman, a great Indian

46、physicist, was born in 1888. His father was a lecturer in math and physics, so C. V. Raman was exposed_ scientific things from an early age. He _ (attend) Presidency College in 1902, getting his BA in 1904 and MA in 1907. Though he was a brilliant student,there werent many _ (chance ) for scientists

47、 in India at that time. _, after finishing his studies, he went to work for the Indian Finance Department and carried out his experimental research on acoustics(声学). He _ (offer) a professorship in physics at the University of Calcutta in 1917 and stayed for the next 15 years, _ (achieve) fame for h

48、is research there. In 1930, he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the scattering of light. Raman found_ light passes through a transparent (透明的)sample of a substance, most of the light remains unchanged but a small part of it has _ (differ) wavelengths. This later is _ (know) as the Raman effect an

49、d is useful for physical and chemical _ (analyse) of gases, liquids and solids, including biological tissue.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及二个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分

50、。 My name is Ann. Ive been in China in a few years. With the help of Li Hua, a good friend of mine, Ive been used to live in China. Li Hua, like other girl, is beautiful and lively. We became friends after we meet each other a few years ago. Although her English isnt easy to understand, but we enjoy

51、 chatting and we usually talk a lot about my favorite books. Were both surprising that Chinese culture and American culture are such different. Now we are planning nice party for next Sunday. There, I will introduce Li Hua to my friends, whom also have great interest in Chinese culture.假设你是某国际中学高二学生

52、李华，校长Mr. White打算请位著名科学家到你校演讲，请你根据以 下内容给他写一封信，建议邀请马丁 卡普拉斯 (Martin Karplus)教授。马丁 卡普 拉斯简介美国理论化学家，1930年3月15日出生 于奥地利，现在是哈佛大学（Harvard University)的一名化学教授。推荐理由1.卡普拉斯方程（Karplus equation)就是 以他的名字命名的；2.他和其他两位同事共同获得2013年诺 贝尔化学奖。注意：1.词数:100左右;2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贤；3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇:理论的theoretical;同事colleag

53、ueDear Mr. White,I heard that you are planning to_Yours sincerely,Li Hua答案以及解析A 答案：1.A；2.D；3.D解析：本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。1. 细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。2. 细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike T

54、our in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。3. 细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知

55、，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。点睛：本篇文章最容易出错的题是1题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。in advance意为：提前。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。B 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.D提示:细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品片不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害.是对塑料袋被

56、禁用的解释和争论,故选D。2.A提示:词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用.看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。 headwinds逆风,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bans on plastic bags,故选 A。3.D提示:细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故选D。4.A提示:主旨大意题。文草讲述了使用塑

57、料袋造成的环境问题。 纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子, Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者.最适合作为标题.故选A。C答案：DCDA解析：1.D提示:细节理解题u根据文章的整体理解可知，在科学家 霍金的 My Brief History 而不是 A Brief History of Time 这本书里介绍了霍金是如何锻炼成天才的，故答案为D项.,2.C提示:推理判断题。根据文章最后-段标题“Always look for a silver lining(even if you are seriously i

58、ll)”，并结合最后 一段的整体理解可推知.在困境中看到阳光的一面有利于人 们发展成为天才，故答案为C项。3.D提不:推理判断题。根据第二段“In his recently published autobiography My Brief History, Hawking offers four life lessons on how to become a genius. ” 可推知，霍金的这本介 绍如何成为天才的书是一本自传体书，因此他卞要是通过自 己的经历来阐述自己的观点的，故答案为D项。4.A提示：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“ Hawkings disease has slowly

59、 robbed him of the ability to walk”可知选A。D 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C解析：1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的Outside any traditional pub worthy of its title, youll find a hanging signboard with a unique illustration(插图)that represents the name of the business 可知,英国酒吧标牌的独特之处在于上面都有代表店名的独一无二的插图。故选C.2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Since most of

60、the population were unable to read, pub signs were used to inform would-be customers that they could find a drink inside可知,最初英国酒吧的标牌主要是用来通知潜在的顾客进店喝一杯的。故选B。3.考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的Today the tradition remains unchanged largely out of respect for the past, but many pub signs do have some functionality可知,现代英

61、国酒吧的标牌实用性更强。所以现代酒吧标牌的使用目的与以前不同。故选D。4.考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了英国酒吧标牌的发展,故选C。 答案：B; F; C; G; D解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了为了取得成功,应该停止做的四件事1. B 此处是本段小标题。根据其他小标题的句式及该段落中的首句和最后一句可以推知B项符合语境。2. F 根据上文中的Different people may explain success, in different ways和下文中的Dont worry about what other people think but go after what

62、makes you happy” 可知应选F项。3.C 根据小标题Do not believe anything without questioning it和C项中的not just accept any new information tobe true”与该段中的question new information相呼应可知,此处应选C项。4. G 本段主要讲的是要担心可能会发生在你身上的预见的事情,根据空前讲的如果你想要成功,就不要去想任何或许会发生在你身上的事情”可知,这里应进一步说明,故选G项。5.D 根据小标题Do not care about what other people t

63、hink of you及D项中的please all the people与该段中的the quantity of people to please相呼应可知,应选D项。答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.D; 6.A; 7.B; 8.C; 9.B; 10.D; 11.B; 12.A; 13.B; 14.A; 15.B; 16.B; 17.C; 18.D; 19.A; 20.B解析：1.A提示:make full use of充分利用。句意为“他允分利用他所巧察到的事实。”。2.B提示:be based on/upon以.为基础:基于.。句意为“他从不接受没杏依据于观察事实基础上

64、的理论。”。3.A提示:根据句子意思.此处是指“不能接受某种权威来说真理的合法性”,应用reason。4.B提示:check v.证明无误,核对无误。句意为“他总是认真核实想法并通过做实验来证明它们。”。5.D提示:根据下文的内容可以判断出,在此处是要表达 modern science(现代科学)的意思。6.A提示:date back是间定同组,意为“回溯至”。7.B提示:根据文意判断,此处用time(时代,年代)。8.C提示:根据文意判断,此处用between与and连用,表示“在.和.之间” 9.B提示: the Middle Ages意为“中世纪,中古时代”。10.D提示:表示通过某种方

65、式用by。根据文意判断我们必须通过观察和实验来研究在我们周围的事物进而得知科学。11.B提示:make a discovery 为固定搭配。12.A提示:who在此引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词great men,且在从句中充当主语成分,指人。13.B提示:by degrees为固定词组,意为“逐渐地”,相当于 gradually。14.A提示:truth意为“事实,真理,原理”。文中重点说明通过观察而获得真理是至关重要的,故选A。15.B提示:rapidly adv.快,迅速地。16.B提示:根据句子意思,应为because。17.C提示:top n.顶,顶端,根据文意指走到比萨斜塔的

66、最顶端,从高处抛物。18.D提示:unequal+相等的;不对称的。根据物理常识,大家都知道伽利略是如何做此次实验来证明亚里士多德的说法是错误的。19.A提示:science spirit科学精神。本文旨在通过具体的事实来证明伟大的科学家是如何坚持真理的,歌颂了他们的科学精神.也是我们应该好好学习的。20.B提示:opinion意为“观点”;plan意为“计划”;world意为“世界”;ability意为“能力 此处根据句意判断用 opinions。 答案：1. to2. attended3. chances4. Therefore5. was offered6. achieving7. wh

67、en8. different9. known10. analysis/analyses解析： 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了著名的印度物理学家 C. V. Raman。1.to 考査固定搭配exposed sb. to sth.意为使某人接触某物,使某人体验某物,此处是其被动形式,故填to。2.attended 考査时态。由句中的时间状语可知应用一般过去时。3.chances 考査名词复数。根据空前的many可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。4.Therefore 考査副词。根据语境可知,上下文之间是因果关系,故填Therefore。5. was offered 考査动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知,

68、此处表示他被提供,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。6. achieving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,He 与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处需用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。7.when 考査状语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导时间状语从句,故填when。8. different 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处要用形容词修饰名词wavelengths。9.known 考査非谓语动词。be known as作为.而出名,为固定用法,故填known。10. analysis/analyses 考査词形转换。根据空前的形容词和空后的可知,此处要用名词形

69、式。答案： My name is Ann. Ive been in China a few years. With the help of Li Hua, a good friend of mine, Ive been used to in China. Li Hua, like other, is beautiful and lively. We became friends after we each other a few years ago. Although her English isnt easy to understand, we enjoy chatting and we u

70、sually talk a lot about favorite books. Were both that Chinese culture and American culture are different. Now we are planning nice party for next Sunday. There, I will introduce Li Hua to my friends, also have great interest in Chinese culture.答案：Dear Mr. White,I heard that you are planning to invi

71、te a famous scientist to give us a speech, so Im writing to ask whether we can have a speech given by Professor Martin Karplus.Born on March 15, 1930, Professor Martin Karplus is an Austrian-born American theoretical chemist. He works as a professor of chemistry at Harvard University.I have two reas

72、ons for asking him to give us a speech. One is that the Karplus equation is named after him, and the other is that he was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, together with two other colleagues.Thank you for reading my letter. I hope you can consider my suggestion seriously.Yours sincerely,Li Hua